1 The African Marginal and Enclosed Seas: An Overview
25
Sverdrup HU, Johnson MW, Fleming RH (1942) The oceans: their physics, chemistry and general
biology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Sverdrup KA, Duxbury AC, Duxbury AB (2005) An Introduction to the world’s oceans, 8th edn.
McGraw-Hill, Boston
Williams J, Higginson JJ, Rohrbough JD (1968)Air and sea: the naval environment. Naval Institution
Press, Annapolis
Wunsch C (1996) The ocean circulation inverse problem. University Press, Cambridge
Wunsch C (2002) What is the thermohaline circulation? Science 298(5596):1179–1180
Atlantic Ocean, Canary Current
Barton ED, Basterretxea G, Flament P, Mitchelson-Jacob EG, Jones B, Aristegui J, Herrera F (2000)
Lee region of Gran Canaria. J Geophys Res 105:17173–17193
Batten ML, Martinez JR, Bryan DW, Buch EJ (2000) A modeling study of the coastal eastern
boundary current system off Iberia and Morocco. J Geophys Res 105:14173–14195
Binet D (1997) Climate and pelagic fisheries in the Canary and Guinea currents 1964–1993: the
role of trade winds and the southern oscillation. Oceanologia Acta 20:177–190
Huntsman SA, Barber RT (1977) Primary production off Northwest Africa: the relationship to wind
and nutrient conditions. Deep-Sea Res 24:25–33
Mittelstaedt E (1991) The ocean boundary along the northwest African coast: circulation and
oceanographic properties at the sea surface. Prog Oceanogr 26:307–355
Stramma L, Siedler G (1988) Seasonal changes in the North Atlantic sub-tropical gyre. J Geophys
Res 93:8111–8118
Wooster WS, Bakum A, McLain DR (1976) The seasonal upwelling cycle along the eastern
boundary of the North Atlantic. J Mar Res 34:131–140
Zhou M, Paduan JD, Niiler PP (2000) Surface currents in the Canary basin from drifter observations.
J Geophys Res 105:21893–21911
Atlantic Ocean, Guinea Current, Angola Current
Bakun A (1978) Guinea current upwelling. Nature 271:147–150
Colin C (1988) Coastal upwelling events in front of Ivory Coast during the FOCAL program.
Oceanologia Acta 11:125–138
Hisard P, Henin C, Houghton R, Piton B, Rual P (1986) Oceanic conditions in the tropical Atlantic
during 1983 and 1984. Nature 322:243–245
Ingham MC (1970) Coastal upwelling in the northwestern Gulf of Guinea. Bull Mar Sci 20:1–34
Longhurst AR (1962) A review of the oceanography of the gulf of Guinea. Buleltin de l’Institut
Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire. Series A. Sciences Naturelles 24(3):633–663
Philander SGH (1979) Upwelling in the Gulf of Guinea. J Mar Res 37:23–33
Picaut J (1983) Propagation of the seasonal upwelling in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. J Phys
Oceanogr 13:18–37
Richardson PL, Reverdin G (1987) Seasonal cycle of velocity in the Atlantic north equatorial
countercurrent as measured by surface drifters, current meters, and ship drifts. J Geophys Res
92:3691–3708
Verstraete JM (1992) The seasonal upwellings in the Gulf of Guinea. Prog Oceanogr 29:1–60
25
Sverdrup HU, Johnson MW, Fleming RH (1942) The oceans: their physics, chemistry and general
biology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Sverdrup KA, Duxbury AC, Duxbury AB (2005) An Introduction to the world’s oceans, 8th edn.
McGraw-Hill, Boston
Williams J, Higginson JJ, Rohrbough JD (1968)Air and sea: the naval environment. Naval Institution
Press, Annapolis
Wunsch C (1996) The ocean circulation inverse problem. University Press, Cambridge
Wunsch C (2002) What is the thermohaline circulation? Science 298(5596):1179–1180
Atlantic Ocean, Canary Current
Barton ED, Basterretxea G, Flament P, Mitchelson-Jacob EG, Jones B, Aristegui J, Herrera F (2000)
Lee region of Gran Canaria. J Geophys Res 105:17173–17193
Batten ML, Martinez JR, Bryan DW, Buch EJ (2000) A modeling study of the coastal eastern
boundary current system off Iberia and Morocco. J Geophys Res 105:14173–14195
Binet D (1997) Climate and pelagic fisheries in the Canary and Guinea currents 1964–1993: the
role of trade winds and the southern oscillation. Oceanologia Acta 20:177–190
Huntsman SA, Barber RT (1977) Primary production off Northwest Africa: the relationship to wind
and nutrient conditions. Deep-Sea Res 24:25–33
Mittelstaedt E (1991) The ocean boundary along the northwest African coast: circulation and
oceanographic properties at the sea surface. Prog Oceanogr 26:307–355
Stramma L, Siedler G (1988) Seasonal changes in the North Atlantic sub-tropical gyre. J Geophys
Res 93:8111–8118
Wooster WS, Bakum A, McLain DR (1976) The seasonal upwelling cycle along the eastern
boundary of the North Atlantic. J Mar Res 34:131–140
Zhou M, Paduan JD, Niiler PP (2000) Surface currents in the Canary basin from drifter observations.
J Geophys Res 105:21893–21911
Atlantic Ocean, Guinea Current, Angola Current
Bakun A (1978) Guinea current upwelling. Nature 271:147–150
Colin C (1988) Coastal upwelling events in front of Ivory Coast during the FOCAL program.
Oceanologia Acta 11:125–138
Hisard P, Henin C, Houghton R, Piton B, Rual P (1986) Oceanic conditions in the tropical Atlantic
during 1983 and 1984. Nature 322:243–245
Ingham MC (1970) Coastal upwelling in the northwestern Gulf of Guinea. Bull Mar Sci 20:1–34
Longhurst AR (1962) A review of the oceanography of the gulf of Guinea. Buleltin de l’Institut
Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire. Series A. Sciences Naturelles 24(3):633–663
Philander SGH (1979) Upwelling in the Gulf of Guinea. J Mar Res 37:23–33
Picaut J (1983) Propagation of the seasonal upwelling in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. J Phys
Oceanogr 13:18–37
Richardson PL, Reverdin G (1987) Seasonal cycle of velocity in the Atlantic north equatorial
countercurrent as measured by surface drifters, current meters, and ship drifts. J Geophys Res
92:3691–3708
Verstraete JM (1992) The seasonal upwellings in the Gulf of Guinea. Prog Oceanogr 29:1–60