24
V. Barale
and marine regions. In the case of the still poorly known African marginal and enclosed basins, the systematic and synoptic application of remote sensing techniques
promises to help closing the remaining gaps. An in-depth analysis of the specific merits and drawbacks of each technique and spectral region can provide clues to help
compose the unique mosaic of environmental features characterizing the African
Seas.
Acknowledgements The present review of the African Seas was carried out at the Joint Research
Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC), as part of research undertaken in the Framework
Programme 7 (FP7) JRC Action PROCAS (later re-named Action SEACOAST). The author wishes
to express his gratitude to all JRC Colleagues who contributed to this activity. Thanks are also due
to M. Gade, Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, for his editorial review of the final
paper; to J.F.R. Gower, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Canada Fisheries and Oceans, for providing
valuable suggestions concerning both science and language; and to two anonymous reviewers,
whose input allowed the author to improve substantially several sections of the original paper.
Images and data shown here were acquired, in part, from the Global Marine Information System
(GMIS) of the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), JRC EC.
Bibliography
Introduction, General
Apel JR (1987) Principles of ocean physics. Academic Press, New York
Barber RT, Smith RL (1981) Coastal upwelling ecosystems. In: Longhurst AR (ed) Analysis of
marine ecosystems. Academic Press, New York, pp 31–68
Corso W, Joyce PS (1995) Oceanography. Applied science review. Springhouse Corporation,
Springhouse
Emery WJ (2001) Water types and water masses. In: Steele JH, Thorpe SA, Turekian KK (eds)
Encyclopedia of ocean sciences, vol 4. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 3179–3187
Gill AE (1982) Atmosphere-ocean dynamics. Academic Press, New York
Grant Gross M (1995) Principles of oceanography, 7th edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Hance WA (1975) The geography of modern Africa. Columbia University Press, New York
International Hydrographic Organization (1953) Limits of oceans and seas. Special publication 23,
3rd edn. Imp. Monégasque, Monte Carlo, p 40
Longhurst AR (1998) Ecological geography of the sea. Academic Press, San Diego
Mann KH, Lazier JRN (2006) Dynamics of marine ecosystems: biological-physical interactions in
the oceans. Blackwell, Oxford
Neumann G, Pierson WJ (1966) Principles of physical oceanography. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey
Pedlosky J (1996) Ocean circulation theory. Springer, Berlin
Pinet PR (1992) Oceanography: an Introduction to the planet Oceanus. West Publishing Company,
St. Paul
Rahmstorf S (2003) Thermohaline circulation: the current climate. Nature 421(6924):699–699
Roemmich D (2007) Physical oceanography: super spin in the southern seas. Nature 449(7158):
34–35
Schwartz ML (ed) (2005) Encyclopedia of coastal science. Springer, Dordrecht
Siedler G, Church J, Gould J (2001) Ocean circulation and climate: observing and modeling the
global ocean. International Geophysics Series, vol 77. Academic Press, London
V. Barale
and marine regions. In the case of the still poorly known African marginal and enclosed basins, the systematic and synoptic application of remote sensing techniques
promises to help closing the remaining gaps. An in-depth analysis of the specific merits and drawbacks of each technique and spectral region can provide clues to help
compose the unique mosaic of environmental features characterizing the African
Seas.
Acknowledgements The present review of the African Seas was carried out at the Joint Research
Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC), as part of research undertaken in the Framework
Programme 7 (FP7) JRC Action PROCAS (later re-named Action SEACOAST). The author wishes
to express his gratitude to all JRC Colleagues who contributed to this activity. Thanks are also due
to M. Gade, Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, for his editorial review of the final
paper; to J.F.R. Gower, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Canada Fisheries and Oceans, for providing
valuable suggestions concerning both science and language; and to two anonymous reviewers,
whose input allowed the author to improve substantially several sections of the original paper.
Images and data shown here were acquired, in part, from the Global Marine Information System
(GMIS) of the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), JRC EC.
Bibliography
Introduction, General
Apel JR (1987) Principles of ocean physics. Academic Press, New York
Barber RT, Smith RL (1981) Coastal upwelling ecosystems. In: Longhurst AR (ed) Analysis of
marine ecosystems. Academic Press, New York, pp 31–68
Corso W, Joyce PS (1995) Oceanography. Applied science review. Springhouse Corporation,
Springhouse
Emery WJ (2001) Water types and water masses. In: Steele JH, Thorpe SA, Turekian KK (eds)
Encyclopedia of ocean sciences, vol 4. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 3179–3187
Gill AE (1982) Atmosphere-ocean dynamics. Academic Press, New York
Grant Gross M (1995) Principles of oceanography, 7th edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Hance WA (1975) The geography of modern Africa. Columbia University Press, New York
International Hydrographic Organization (1953) Limits of oceans and seas. Special publication 23,
3rd edn. Imp. Monégasque, Monte Carlo, p 40
Longhurst AR (1998) Ecological geography of the sea. Academic Press, San Diego
Mann KH, Lazier JRN (2006) Dynamics of marine ecosystems: biological-physical interactions in
the oceans. Blackwell, Oxford
Neumann G, Pierson WJ (1966) Principles of physical oceanography. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey
Pedlosky J (1996) Ocean circulation theory. Springer, Berlin
Pinet PR (1992) Oceanography: an Introduction to the planet Oceanus. West Publishing Company,
St. Paul
Rahmstorf S (2003) Thermohaline circulation: the current climate. Nature 421(6924):699–699
Roemmich D (2007) Physical oceanography: super spin in the southern seas. Nature 449(7158):
34–35
Schwartz ML (ed) (2005) Encyclopedia of coastal science. Springer, Dordrecht
Siedler G, Church J, Gould J (2001) Ocean circulation and climate: observing and modeling the
global ocean. International Geophysics Series, vol 77. Academic Press, London