11 Satellite Observations of Oceanic Eddies Around Africa
227
This instrument is scheduled to be launched in 2020. It is an altimeter having a
wide swath which uses the SAR principle. Thus SWOT would allow in the future
to monitor small-scale eddies on a global scale. This would greatly improve our
understanding of the dynamics of the ocean and also would be of great benefit to
fisheries.
Acknowledgments We thank NASA and ESA for providing the data and Sergey Stanichny for
calling our attention to the NASA source of the MODIS reflectance map at 555 nm shown in
Fig. 11.6. This study was supported by BMBF-Ib and AIRD grants obtained to build the Trilateral
German–French–African Environmental research initiatives in Sub-Sahara Africa entitled AWA
“Ecosystem Approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African
waters”.
References
Alpers W, Brandt P, Lazar A, Dagorne D, Sow B, Faye S, Hansen MW, Rubino A, Poulain
PM, Brehmer P (2013) A small-scale oceanic eddy off the coast of West Africa studied
by multi-sensor satellite and surface drifter data. Remote Sens Environ 129:132–143. doi:
10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.032
Alpers W, Espedal H (2004) Oils and Surfactants. In: Jackson CR, Apel JR (eds) Synthetic aperture radar marine user’s manual, chapter 11. NOAA/NESDIS, Washington, DC, pp 263–276.
http://www.sarusersmanual.com/ManualPDF/NOAASARManual_CH11_pg263-276.pdf
Alpers W, Hennings I (1984) A theory of the imaging mechanism of underwater bottom topography
by real and synthetic aperture radar. J Geophys Res 89:10529–10546
Capet X, McWilliams JC, Molemaker MJ, Shchepetkin AF (2008) Mesoscale to submesoscale
transition in the California Current System: I. Flow structure, eddy flux, and observational tests.
J Phys Oceanogr 38:2256–2269
Chaigneau A, Eldin G, Dewitte B (2008) Eddy activity in the four major upwelling systems from
satellite altimetry (1992–2007). Prog Oceanogr 83:117–123
Chelton DB, de Szoeke RA, Schlax MG, Naggar KE, Siwertz N (1998) Geographical variability of
the first-baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation. J Phys Oceanogr 28:433–460
Chelton DB, Schlax MG, Samelson RM (2011) Global observations of nonlinear mesoscale eddies.
Prog Oceanogr 91:167–216
Cox CC, Munk WH (1954) Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photography of
the Sun’s glitter. J Opt Soc Am 44(11):838–850
Cresswell GR, Legeckis R (1986) Eddies off southeastern Australia. Deep-Sea Res 33:1527–1562
Davies PA, Dakin JM, Falconer RA (1995) Eddy formation behind a coastal headland. J Coastal
Res 11:154–167
Demarcq H (1998) Spatial and temporal dynamics of the upwelling off Senegal and Mauritania:
local change and trend. In: Durand MH, Cury P, Mendelssohn R, Roy C, Bakun A, Pauly D
(eds) Global versus local changes in upwelling systems: a report from the CEOS Workshop,
Monterey, California, September 1994. ORSTOM Editions, Paris, pp 149–166. http://horizon.
documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/divers2/010015307.pdf
DiGiacomo PM, Holt B (2001) Satellite observations of small coastal ocean eddies in the Southern
California Bight. J Geophys Res 106(C10):22521–22543
Eldevik T, Dysthe KB (2002) Spiral eddies. J Phys Oceanogr 32:851–869. doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1175/1520-0485
227
This instrument is scheduled to be launched in 2020. It is an altimeter having a
wide swath which uses the SAR principle. Thus SWOT would allow in the future
to monitor small-scale eddies on a global scale. This would greatly improve our
understanding of the dynamics of the ocean and also would be of great benefit to
fisheries.
Acknowledgments We thank NASA and ESA for providing the data and Sergey Stanichny for
calling our attention to the NASA source of the MODIS reflectance map at 555 nm shown in
Fig. 11.6. This study was supported by BMBF-Ib and AIRD grants obtained to build the Trilateral
German–French–African Environmental research initiatives in Sub-Sahara Africa entitled AWA
“Ecosystem Approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African
waters”.
References
Alpers W, Brandt P, Lazar A, Dagorne D, Sow B, Faye S, Hansen MW, Rubino A, Poulain
PM, Brehmer P (2013) A small-scale oceanic eddy off the coast of West Africa studied
by multi-sensor satellite and surface drifter data. Remote Sens Environ 129:132–143. doi:
10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.032
Alpers W, Espedal H (2004) Oils and Surfactants. In: Jackson CR, Apel JR (eds) Synthetic aperture radar marine user’s manual, chapter 11. NOAA/NESDIS, Washington, DC, pp 263–276.
http://www.sarusersmanual.com/ManualPDF/NOAASARManual_CH11_pg263-276.pdf
Alpers W, Hennings I (1984) A theory of the imaging mechanism of underwater bottom topography
by real and synthetic aperture radar. J Geophys Res 89:10529–10546
Capet X, McWilliams JC, Molemaker MJ, Shchepetkin AF (2008) Mesoscale to submesoscale
transition in the California Current System: I. Flow structure, eddy flux, and observational tests.
J Phys Oceanogr 38:2256–2269
Chaigneau A, Eldin G, Dewitte B (2008) Eddy activity in the four major upwelling systems from
satellite altimetry (1992–2007). Prog Oceanogr 83:117–123
Chelton DB, de Szoeke RA, Schlax MG, Naggar KE, Siwertz N (1998) Geographical variability of
the first-baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation. J Phys Oceanogr 28:433–460
Chelton DB, Schlax MG, Samelson RM (2011) Global observations of nonlinear mesoscale eddies.
Prog Oceanogr 91:167–216
Cox CC, Munk WH (1954) Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photography of
the Sun’s glitter. J Opt Soc Am 44(11):838–850
Cresswell GR, Legeckis R (1986) Eddies off southeastern Australia. Deep-Sea Res 33:1527–1562
Davies PA, Dakin JM, Falconer RA (1995) Eddy formation behind a coastal headland. J Coastal
Res 11:154–167
Demarcq H (1998) Spatial and temporal dynamics of the upwelling off Senegal and Mauritania:
local change and trend. In: Durand MH, Cury P, Mendelssohn R, Roy C, Bakun A, Pauly D
(eds) Global versus local changes in upwelling systems: a report from the CEOS Workshop,
Monterey, California, September 1994. ORSTOM Editions, Paris, pp 149–166. http://horizon.
documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/divers2/010015307.pdf
DiGiacomo PM, Holt B (2001) Satellite observations of small coastal ocean eddies in the Southern
California Bight. J Geophys Res 106(C10):22521–22543
Eldevik T, Dysthe KB (2002) Spiral eddies. J Phys Oceanogr 32:851–869. doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1175/1520-0485