2 Monitoring of Marine Aquaculture
83
GESAMP (IMO/FAO/Unesco-IOC/WMO/IEEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the
Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection), 1996. Monitoring the ecological
effects of coastal aquaculture wastes. GESAMP Reports and Studies 57: p 380.
Giannoulaki M, Machias A, Somarakis S, Karakassis I (2005) Wild fish spatial structure in
response to presence of fish farms. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom 85:1271–1277
Gowen RJ, Tett P, Jones KJ (1983) The hydrography and phytoplankton ecology of Loch
Ardbhair: a small sea loch on the West Coast of Scotland. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology & Ecology 71:1–16
Gowen RJ, Bradbury NB (1987) The ecological impact of salmonid farming in coastal waters: a
review. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 25:563–575
Hall POJ, Holby O, Kollberg S, Samuelsson MO (1992) Chemical fluxes and mass balances in a
marine fish cage farm. IV. Nitrogen. Marine Ecology Progress Series 89:81–91
Hansen PK, Ervik A, Schaanning MT, Johannsen P, Aure J, Jahnsen T, Stigebrandt A (2001)
Regulating the local environmental impact of intensive marine fish farming. II. The monitoring
programme of the MOM system (Modelling – Ongrowing fish farms – Monitoring).
Aquaculture 194:75–92
Hargrave BT (2005) The handbook of environmental chemistry, Vol. 5: Water pollution environmental effects of marine finfish aquaculture. Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York, 467 pp
Henderson A, Gamito S, Karakassis I, Pederson P, Smaal A (2001) Use of hydrodynamic and
benthic models for managing environmental impacts. Journal of Applied Ichthyology
17:163–172
Holby O, Hall POJ (1991) Chemical fluxes and mass balances in a marine fish cage farm. II.
Phosphorus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 70:263–272
Holmer M, Kristensen E (1992) Impact of marine fish cage farming on sediment metabolism and
sulfate reduction of underlying sediments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 80:191–201
Holmer M, Perez M, Duarte CM (2003) Benthic primary producers – a neglected environmental
problem in Mediterranean maricultures? Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:1372–1376
Holmer M, Wildish D, Hargrave B (2005) Organic enrichment from marine finfish aquaculture
and effects on sediment processes. In: Hargrave BT (ed.), The handbook of environmental
chemistry, Vol. 5: Water pollution environmental effects of marine finfish aquaculture.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp.181–206
Hyland J, Balthis L, Karakassis I, Magni P, Petrov A, Shine J, Vestergaard O, Warwick R (2005)
Organic carbon content of sediments as an indicator of stress in the marine benthos. Marine
Ecology Progress Series 295:91–103
Kalantzi I, Karakassis I (2006) Benthic impacts of fish farming: meta-analysis of community and
geochemical data. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:484–493
Karakassis I, Hatziyanni E (2000) Benthic disturbance due to fish farming analyzed under different levels of taxonomic resolution. Marine Ecology Progress Series 203:247–253
Karakassis I, Tsapakis M, Hatziyanni E (1998) Seasonal variability in sediment profiles beneath
fish farm cages in the Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 162:243–252
Karakassis I, Tsapakis M, Smith CJ, Rumohr H (2002) Fish farming impacts in the Mediterranean
studied through sediment profiling imagery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 227:125–133
Karakassis I, Tsapakis E, Hatziyanni E, Pitta P (2001) Diel variation of nutrients and chlorophyll in sea
bream and sea bass cages in the Mediterranean. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 10:278–283
La Rosa T, Mirto S, Favaloro E, Savona B, Sara G, Danovaro R, Mazzola A (2002) Impact on the
water column biogeochemistry of a Mediterranean mussel and fish farm. Water Research
36:713–721
Lampadariou N, Karakassis I, Pearson TH (2005) Cost/benefit analysis of a benthic monitoring
programme of organic benthic enrichment using different sampling and analysis methodology.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1606–1618
Machias A, Karakassis I, Labropoulou M, Somarakis S, Papadopoulou KN, Papaconstantinou C
(2004) Changes in wild fish assemblages after the establishment of a fish farming zone in an
oligotrophic marine environment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 60:771–779
83
GESAMP (IMO/FAO/Unesco-IOC/WMO/IEEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the
Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection), 1996. Monitoring the ecological
effects of coastal aquaculture wastes. GESAMP Reports and Studies 57: p 380.
Giannoulaki M, Machias A, Somarakis S, Karakassis I (2005) Wild fish spatial structure in
response to presence of fish farms. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom 85:1271–1277
Gowen RJ, Tett P, Jones KJ (1983) The hydrography and phytoplankton ecology of Loch
Ardbhair: a small sea loch on the West Coast of Scotland. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology & Ecology 71:1–16
Gowen RJ, Bradbury NB (1987) The ecological impact of salmonid farming in coastal waters: a
review. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 25:563–575
Hall POJ, Holby O, Kollberg S, Samuelsson MO (1992) Chemical fluxes and mass balances in a
marine fish cage farm. IV. Nitrogen. Marine Ecology Progress Series 89:81–91
Hansen PK, Ervik A, Schaanning MT, Johannsen P, Aure J, Jahnsen T, Stigebrandt A (2001)
Regulating the local environmental impact of intensive marine fish farming. II. The monitoring
programme of the MOM system (Modelling – Ongrowing fish farms – Monitoring).
Aquaculture 194:75–92
Hargrave BT (2005) The handbook of environmental chemistry, Vol. 5: Water pollution environmental effects of marine finfish aquaculture. Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York, 467 pp
Henderson A, Gamito S, Karakassis I, Pederson P, Smaal A (2001) Use of hydrodynamic and
benthic models for managing environmental impacts. Journal of Applied Ichthyology
17:163–172
Holby O, Hall POJ (1991) Chemical fluxes and mass balances in a marine fish cage farm. II.
Phosphorus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 70:263–272
Holmer M, Kristensen E (1992) Impact of marine fish cage farming on sediment metabolism and
sulfate reduction of underlying sediments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 80:191–201
Holmer M, Perez M, Duarte CM (2003) Benthic primary producers – a neglected environmental
problem in Mediterranean maricultures? Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:1372–1376
Holmer M, Wildish D, Hargrave B (2005) Organic enrichment from marine finfish aquaculture
and effects on sediment processes. In: Hargrave BT (ed.), The handbook of environmental
chemistry, Vol. 5: Water pollution environmental effects of marine finfish aquaculture.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp.181–206
Hyland J, Balthis L, Karakassis I, Magni P, Petrov A, Shine J, Vestergaard O, Warwick R (2005)
Organic carbon content of sediments as an indicator of stress in the marine benthos. Marine
Ecology Progress Series 295:91–103
Kalantzi I, Karakassis I (2006) Benthic impacts of fish farming: meta-analysis of community and
geochemical data. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:484–493
Karakassis I, Hatziyanni E (2000) Benthic disturbance due to fish farming analyzed under different levels of taxonomic resolution. Marine Ecology Progress Series 203:247–253
Karakassis I, Tsapakis M, Hatziyanni E (1998) Seasonal variability in sediment profiles beneath
fish farm cages in the Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 162:243–252
Karakassis I, Tsapakis M, Smith CJ, Rumohr H (2002) Fish farming impacts in the Mediterranean
studied through sediment profiling imagery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 227:125–133
Karakassis I, Tsapakis E, Hatziyanni E, Pitta P (2001) Diel variation of nutrients and chlorophyll in sea
bream and sea bass cages in the Mediterranean. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 10:278–283
La Rosa T, Mirto S, Favaloro E, Savona B, Sara G, Danovaro R, Mazzola A (2002) Impact on the
water column biogeochemistry of a Mediterranean mussel and fish farm. Water Research
36:713–721
Lampadariou N, Karakassis I, Pearson TH (2005) Cost/benefit analysis of a benthic monitoring
programme of organic benthic enrichment using different sampling and analysis methodology.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1606–1618
Machias A, Karakassis I, Labropoulou M, Somarakis S, Papadopoulou KN, Papaconstantinou C
(2004) Changes in wild fish assemblages after the establishment of a fish farming zone in an
oligotrophic marine environment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 60:771–779