84
M. Holmer et al.
Machias A, Karakassis I, Somarakis S, Giannoulaki M, Papadopoulou KN, Smith C (2005) The
response of demersal fish communities to the presence of fish farms. Marine Ecology Progress
Series 288:241–250
Machias A, Giannoulaki M, Somarakis S, Maravelias CD, Neofitou C, Koutsoubas D,
Papadopoulou KN, Karakassis I (2006) Fish farming effects on local fisheries landings in oligotrophic seas. Aquaculture 261: 809–816
Malta Environment & Planning Authority (2001) Note on the situation regarding the proposed fish
farm search areas in the Policy and Design Guidance for Fish Farming (1994). Malta: Malta
Environment and Planning Authority, 3 pp
Marbà N, Duarte CM, Díaz-Almela E, Terrados J, Álvarez E, Martinez R, Santiago R, Gacia E,
Grau AM (2005) Direct evidence of imbalanced seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) shoot population dynamics in the Spanish Mediterranean. Estuaries 28: 53–62
Marbà N, Santiago R, Díaz-Almela E, Álvarez E, Duarte CM (2006) Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica)
vertical growth as an early indicator of fish farm-derived stress. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf
Science 62: 425–433
Maroni (2000) Monitoring and regulation of marine aquaculture in Norway. In: Rosenthal H,
Schnack D, Hilge V (eds.), MARAQUA. The monitoring and regulation of marine aquaculture
in Europe. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 16:192–195
Molvær J, Knutzen J, Magnusson J, Rygg B, Skei J, Sørensen J (1997) Klassifikasjon av
miljøkvalitet i fjorder og kystfarvann (Classification of environmental quality in fjords and
coastal waters). SFT Guidelines 97:03. TA-1467/1997, 36 pp. (In Norwegian)
Norwegian Pollution Control Authoritiy (1993) Environmental objectives for Norwegian aquaculture. Oslo, Norway, 17 pp
Norwegian Standards Association (1998) Vannundersøkelse – Retningslinjer for kvantitative
undersøkelser av bløtbunnsfauna i marint miljø (Water quality – Guidelines for quantitative
investigations of sublittoral soft-bottom benthic fauna in the marine environment) NS-9423.
Available from firmapost@pronorm.no, 16 pp. (In Norwegian)
Norwegian Standards Association (2000) Environmental monitoring of marine fish farms NS9410. Available from firmapost@pronorm.no, 22 pp
Ottolenghi F, Silvestri C, Giordano P, Lovatelli A, New MB, 2004. Capture-based aquaculture.
The fattening of eels, groupers, tunas and yellow tails. FAO, Rome, 308 pp
Pearson TH, Rosenberg R (1978) Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and
pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review
16:229–311
Pereira PMF, Black KD, Mclusky DS, Nickell TD (2004) Recovery of sediments after cessation
of marine fish farm production. Aquaculture 235, 315–330.
Pillay TVR (2004) Aquaculture and the environment. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 208 pp
Pitta P, Apostolaki E, Tsagaraki T, Tsapakis M, Karakassis I (2006) Fish farming effects on chemical and microbial variables of the water column: a spatio-temporal study along the
Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia 563:99–108
Pitta P, Apostolaki ET, Giannoulaki M, Karakassis I (2005) Mesoscale changes in the water column in response to fish farming zones in three coastal areas in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 65:501–512
Pitta P, Karakassis I, Tsapakis M, Zivanovic S (1999) Natural versus mariculture induced variability in nutrients and plankton in the Eastern Mediterranean. Hydrobiologia 391:181–194
Planning Authority (1994) Policy and design guidance – fishfarming. Malta: Planning Authority, 12 pp
Read PA, Fernandes TF, Miller KL (2001). The derivation of scientific guidelines for best environmental practice for the monitoring and regulation of marine aquaculture in Europe. Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 17:146–152
Schembri PJ, Baldacchino AE, Mallia A, Schembri T, Sant MJ, Stevens DT, Vella SJ (2002) State
of the environment report for Malta 2002: Living resources, fisheries and agriculture. In: State
of the environment report for Malta 2002. Santa Venera, Malta: Ministry for Home Affairs and
the Environment, pp. 162–346
M. Holmer et al.
Machias A, Karakassis I, Somarakis S, Giannoulaki M, Papadopoulou KN, Smith C (2005) The
response of demersal fish communities to the presence of fish farms. Marine Ecology Progress
Series 288:241–250
Machias A, Giannoulaki M, Somarakis S, Maravelias CD, Neofitou C, Koutsoubas D,
Papadopoulou KN, Karakassis I (2006) Fish farming effects on local fisheries landings in oligotrophic seas. Aquaculture 261: 809–816
Malta Environment & Planning Authority (2001) Note on the situation regarding the proposed fish
farm search areas in the Policy and Design Guidance for Fish Farming (1994). Malta: Malta
Environment and Planning Authority, 3 pp
Marbà N, Duarte CM, Díaz-Almela E, Terrados J, Álvarez E, Martinez R, Santiago R, Gacia E,
Grau AM (2005) Direct evidence of imbalanced seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) shoot population dynamics in the Spanish Mediterranean. Estuaries 28: 53–62
Marbà N, Santiago R, Díaz-Almela E, Álvarez E, Duarte CM (2006) Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica)
vertical growth as an early indicator of fish farm-derived stress. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf
Science 62: 425–433
Maroni (2000) Monitoring and regulation of marine aquaculture in Norway. In: Rosenthal H,
Schnack D, Hilge V (eds.), MARAQUA. The monitoring and regulation of marine aquaculture
in Europe. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 16:192–195
Molvær J, Knutzen J, Magnusson J, Rygg B, Skei J, Sørensen J (1997) Klassifikasjon av
miljøkvalitet i fjorder og kystfarvann (Classification of environmental quality in fjords and
coastal waters). SFT Guidelines 97:03. TA-1467/1997, 36 pp. (In Norwegian)
Norwegian Pollution Control Authoritiy (1993) Environmental objectives for Norwegian aquaculture. Oslo, Norway, 17 pp
Norwegian Standards Association (1998) Vannundersøkelse – Retningslinjer for kvantitative
undersøkelser av bløtbunnsfauna i marint miljø (Water quality – Guidelines for quantitative
investigations of sublittoral soft-bottom benthic fauna in the marine environment) NS-9423.
Available from firmapost@pronorm.no, 16 pp. (In Norwegian)
Norwegian Standards Association (2000) Environmental monitoring of marine fish farms NS9410. Available from firmapost@pronorm.no, 22 pp
Ottolenghi F, Silvestri C, Giordano P, Lovatelli A, New MB, 2004. Capture-based aquaculture.
The fattening of eels, groupers, tunas and yellow tails. FAO, Rome, 308 pp
Pearson TH, Rosenberg R (1978) Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and
pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review
16:229–311
Pereira PMF, Black KD, Mclusky DS, Nickell TD (2004) Recovery of sediments after cessation
of marine fish farm production. Aquaculture 235, 315–330.
Pillay TVR (2004) Aquaculture and the environment. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 208 pp
Pitta P, Apostolaki E, Tsagaraki T, Tsapakis M, Karakassis I (2006) Fish farming effects on chemical and microbial variables of the water column: a spatio-temporal study along the
Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia 563:99–108
Pitta P, Apostolaki ET, Giannoulaki M, Karakassis I (2005) Mesoscale changes in the water column in response to fish farming zones in three coastal areas in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 65:501–512
Pitta P, Karakassis I, Tsapakis M, Zivanovic S (1999) Natural versus mariculture induced variability in nutrients and plankton in the Eastern Mediterranean. Hydrobiologia 391:181–194
Planning Authority (1994) Policy and design guidance – fishfarming. Malta: Planning Authority, 12 pp
Read PA, Fernandes TF, Miller KL (2001). The derivation of scientific guidelines for best environmental practice for the monitoring and regulation of marine aquaculture in Europe. Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 17:146–152
Schembri PJ, Baldacchino AE, Mallia A, Schembri T, Sant MJ, Stevens DT, Vella SJ (2002) State
of the environment report for Malta 2002: Living resources, fisheries and agriculture. In: State
of the environment report for Malta 2002. Santa Venera, Malta: Ministry for Home Affairs and
the Environment, pp. 162–346