81
3 Why Spawn in Aggregations?
Møller AP, Birkhead TR (1993) Cuckoldry and sociality: a comparative study of birds. Am Nat
1142:118–140
Molloy PP, Goodwin NB, Côté IM et al (2007) Sperm competition and sex change: a comparative
analysis across fi shes. Evolution 61:640–652
Montgomery WL, Galzin R (1993) Seasonality in gonads, fat deposits and condition of tropical
surgeonfi shes (Teleostei: Acanthuridae). Mar Biol 115:529–536
Morgan IE, Kramer DL (2004) The social organization of adult blue tangs, Acanthurus coeruleus ,
on a fringing reef, Barbados, West Indies. Environ Biol Fishes 71:261–273
Moyer JT, Thresher RE, Colin PL (1983) Courtship, spawning and inferred social organization of
American angelfi shes (Genera Pomacanthus, Holacanthus, and Centryopyge ; Pomacanthidae).
Environ Biol Fishes 9:25–39
Murphy CG, Gerhardt HC (2002) Mate sampling by female barking treefrogs ( Hyla gratiosa ).
Behav Ecol 13:472–480
Nemeth RS (2005) Population characteristics of a recovering US Virgin Islands red hind spawning
aggregation following protection. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 286:81–97
Nemeth RS, Blondeau J, Herzlieb S et al (2007) Spatial and temporal patterns of movement and
migration at spawning aggregations of red hind, Epinephelus guttatus , in the US Virgin Islands.
Environ Biol Fishes 78:365–381
Olsen DA, LaPlace JA (1979) A study of a Virgin Island grouper fi shery based on a breeding
aggregation. Proc Gulf Caribb Fish Inst 31:130–144
Pelaprat C (1999) Observations on the spawning behaviour of the dusky grouper Epinephelus
marginatus (Lowe, 1834) in the North of Corsica (France). Mar Life 9:59–65
Peres MB, Klippel S (2003) Reproductive biology of southwestern Atlantic wreckfi sh, Polyprion
americanus (Teleostei: Polyprionidae). Environ Biol Fishes 68:163–173
Petersen CW, Warner RR, Cohen S et al (1992) Variable pelagic fertilization success: implications
for mate choice and spatial patterns of mating. Ecology 73:391–401
Randall JE, Randall HA (1963) The spawning and early development of the Atlantic Parrotfi sh,
Sparisoma rubripinne , with notes on other scarid and labrid fi shes. Zoologica 48:49–63
Reynolds JD (1996) Animal breeding systems. Trends Ecol Evol 11:A68–A72
Reynolds JD, Gross MR (1990) Costs and benefi ts of female mate choice – is there a lek paradox?
Am Nat 136:230–243
Reynolds JD, Jones JC (1999) Female preference for preferred males is reversed under low oxygen
conditions in the common goby ( Pomatoschistus microps ). Behav Ecol 10:149–154
Robertson DR (1983) On the spawning behavior and spawning cycles of 8 surgeonfi shes
(Acanthuridae) from the Indo-Pacifi c. Environ Biol Fishes 9:93–223
Robertson DR, Warner RR (1978) Sexual patterns in the labroid fi shes of the western Caribbean,
II: the parrotfi sh (Scaridae). Smithson Contrib Zool 255:1–26
Rowe S, Hutchings JA, Bekkevold D et al (2004) Depensation, probability of fertilization, and the
mating system of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.). ICES J Mar Sci 61:1144–1150
Rowe S, Hutchings JA, Skjaeraasen JE et al (2008) Morphological and behavioural correlates of
reproductive success in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua . Mar Ecol Prog Ser 354:257–265
Ryan MJ, Tuttle MD, Taft LK (1981) The costs and benefi ts of Frog chorusing behavior. Behav
Ecol Sociobiol 8:273–278
Sadovy Y, Colin PL (1995) Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. J Fish Biol
46:961–976
Sadovy Y, Domeier M (2005a) Are aggregation-fi sheries sustainable? Reef fi sh fi sheries as a case
study. Coral Reefs 24:254–262
Sadovy Y, Domeier ML (2005b) Perplexing problems of sexual patterns in the fi sh genus
Paralabrax (Serranidae, Serraninae). J Zool 267:121–133
Sadovy Y, Rosario A, Román A (1994) Reproduction in an aggregating grouper, the red hind,
Epinephelus guttatus . Environ Biol Fishes 41:269–286
Sala E, Ballesteros E, Starr RM (2001) Rapid decline of Nassau grouper spawning aggregations in
Belize: fi shery management and conservation needs. Fish 26:23–30
3 Why Spawn in Aggregations?
Møller AP, Birkhead TR (1993) Cuckoldry and sociality: a comparative study of birds. Am Nat
1142:118–140
Molloy PP, Goodwin NB, Côté IM et al (2007) Sperm competition and sex change: a comparative
analysis across fi shes. Evolution 61:640–652
Montgomery WL, Galzin R (1993) Seasonality in gonads, fat deposits and condition of tropical
surgeonfi shes (Teleostei: Acanthuridae). Mar Biol 115:529–536
Morgan IE, Kramer DL (2004) The social organization of adult blue tangs, Acanthurus coeruleus ,
on a fringing reef, Barbados, West Indies. Environ Biol Fishes 71:261–273
Moyer JT, Thresher RE, Colin PL (1983) Courtship, spawning and inferred social organization of
American angelfi shes (Genera Pomacanthus, Holacanthus, and Centryopyge ; Pomacanthidae).
Environ Biol Fishes 9:25–39
Murphy CG, Gerhardt HC (2002) Mate sampling by female barking treefrogs ( Hyla gratiosa ).
Behav Ecol 13:472–480
Nemeth RS (2005) Population characteristics of a recovering US Virgin Islands red hind spawning
aggregation following protection. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 286:81–97
Nemeth RS, Blondeau J, Herzlieb S et al (2007) Spatial and temporal patterns of movement and
migration at spawning aggregations of red hind, Epinephelus guttatus , in the US Virgin Islands.
Environ Biol Fishes 78:365–381
Olsen DA, LaPlace JA (1979) A study of a Virgin Island grouper fi shery based on a breeding
aggregation. Proc Gulf Caribb Fish Inst 31:130–144
Pelaprat C (1999) Observations on the spawning behaviour of the dusky grouper Epinephelus
marginatus (Lowe, 1834) in the North of Corsica (France). Mar Life 9:59–65
Peres MB, Klippel S (2003) Reproductive biology of southwestern Atlantic wreckfi sh, Polyprion
americanus (Teleostei: Polyprionidae). Environ Biol Fishes 68:163–173
Petersen CW, Warner RR, Cohen S et al (1992) Variable pelagic fertilization success: implications
for mate choice and spatial patterns of mating. Ecology 73:391–401
Randall JE, Randall HA (1963) The spawning and early development of the Atlantic Parrotfi sh,
Sparisoma rubripinne , with notes on other scarid and labrid fi shes. Zoologica 48:49–63
Reynolds JD (1996) Animal breeding systems. Trends Ecol Evol 11:A68–A72
Reynolds JD, Gross MR (1990) Costs and benefi ts of female mate choice – is there a lek paradox?
Am Nat 136:230–243
Reynolds JD, Jones JC (1999) Female preference for preferred males is reversed under low oxygen
conditions in the common goby ( Pomatoschistus microps ). Behav Ecol 10:149–154
Robertson DR (1983) On the spawning behavior and spawning cycles of 8 surgeonfi shes
(Acanthuridae) from the Indo-Pacifi c. Environ Biol Fishes 9:93–223
Robertson DR, Warner RR (1978) Sexual patterns in the labroid fi shes of the western Caribbean,
II: the parrotfi sh (Scaridae). Smithson Contrib Zool 255:1–26
Rowe S, Hutchings JA, Bekkevold D et al (2004) Depensation, probability of fertilization, and the
mating system of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.). ICES J Mar Sci 61:1144–1150
Rowe S, Hutchings JA, Skjaeraasen JE et al (2008) Morphological and behavioural correlates of
reproductive success in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua . Mar Ecol Prog Ser 354:257–265
Ryan MJ, Tuttle MD, Taft LK (1981) The costs and benefi ts of Frog chorusing behavior. Behav
Ecol Sociobiol 8:273–278
Sadovy Y, Colin PL (1995) Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. J Fish Biol
46:961–976
Sadovy Y, Domeier M (2005a) Are aggregation-fi sheries sustainable? Reef fi sh fi sheries as a case
study. Coral Reefs 24:254–262
Sadovy Y, Domeier ML (2005b) Perplexing problems of sexual patterns in the fi sh genus
Paralabrax (Serranidae, Serraninae). J Zool 267:121–133
Sadovy Y, Rosario A, Román A (1994) Reproduction in an aggregating grouper, the red hind,
Epinephelus guttatus . Environ Biol Fishes 41:269–286
Sala E, Ballesteros E, Starr RM (2001) Rapid decline of Nassau grouper spawning aggregations in
Belize: fi shery management and conservation needs. Fish 26:23–30