118
J. Nabhitabhata and S. Segawa
this species and restocking in Okinawa and Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, since 1987.
Technologies were established for collecting eggs in the laboratory and producing
hatchlings for release (Oka et al. 1989; Oka 1993). In 1989, JASFA started a lagoon
nursery project in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, and S� latimanus was nominated as
one of the main target species for aquaculture (JASFA 2003). Since this species has
large hatchlings of 11–15 mm ML competent in camouflage and foraging, restocking with these hatchlings was effective (Dan et al. 2008). Based on these results,
JASFA began a large-scale project to release hatchlings for restocking of this species in 1992. To evaluate the restocking effectiveness, hatchlings were released with
their cuttlebones stained with Alizarin red S and these were subsequently examined
for specimens collected at fish markets and from beaches during the period from
2000 to 2003. The stained cuttlebones were mostly collected on the beaches around
the release sites. Cuttlefish were caught in the bays after they were released from
the autumn of the same year to the spring 2 years later. The proportion of released
cuttlefish in different catches ranged from 4.5 to 18 % (Dan et al. 2008).
7.2.2.5 Other Cephalopod Species
Oshima and Choe (1961) and Choe (1966) reared S� esculenta, S� lycidas (which they
identified as S� subaculeata) and Sepiella japonica (which they identified as Sepiella
maindroni) in the laboratory from hatchlings for up to 4 months by feeding them on
N� japonica. Arima et al. (1963, 1964) studied the technologies for developing spawning beds, seed production and cultivation of S� esculenta, S� lycidas and S� japonica
and grew them from eggs spawned in tanks and fed on the larvae of shrimp, obtaining
detailed results on feeding rate, food conversion rate and growth. JASFA tried once to
rear S� esculenta and produced 30,000 hatchlings in 1986 for the purpose of restocking.
Hamabe (1963) obtained hatchlings of Todarodes pacificus spawned in the laboratory but they did not survive. Soichi (1976) kept juveniles of this species collected
from the wild for 67 days in a public aquarium by feeding with juvenile mullet. T�
pacificus has not been raised from eggs as the diet of the paralarvae is unknown.
Techniques for the artificial fertilization of ommastrephid squids were established
by Sakurai et al. (1995). The embryonic developmental process from artificial fertilization to hatching of T� pacificus was described by Watanabe et al. (1996). There
is a possibility that technologies for seed production will be developed for this species in the future, if the food organisms and feeding behaviour of the paralarvae of
this species in the wild were determined.
7.3 Restocking in Thailand
7.3.1 Background
Squid trapping is an artisanal fishery activity that is very popular around the coasts
of Thailand since its origin in about 1985. The trap itself is made from local materials
J. Nabhitabhata and S. Segawa
this species and restocking in Okinawa and Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, since 1987.
Technologies were established for collecting eggs in the laboratory and producing
hatchlings for release (Oka et al. 1989; Oka 1993). In 1989, JASFA started a lagoon
nursery project in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, and S� latimanus was nominated as
one of the main target species for aquaculture (JASFA 2003). Since this species has
large hatchlings of 11–15 mm ML competent in camouflage and foraging, restocking with these hatchlings was effective (Dan et al. 2008). Based on these results,
JASFA began a large-scale project to release hatchlings for restocking of this species in 1992. To evaluate the restocking effectiveness, hatchlings were released with
their cuttlebones stained with Alizarin red S and these were subsequently examined
for specimens collected at fish markets and from beaches during the period from
2000 to 2003. The stained cuttlebones were mostly collected on the beaches around
the release sites. Cuttlefish were caught in the bays after they were released from
the autumn of the same year to the spring 2 years later. The proportion of released
cuttlefish in different catches ranged from 4.5 to 18 % (Dan et al. 2008).
7.2.2.5 Other Cephalopod Species
Oshima and Choe (1961) and Choe (1966) reared S� esculenta, S� lycidas (which they
identified as S� subaculeata) and Sepiella japonica (which they identified as Sepiella
maindroni) in the laboratory from hatchlings for up to 4 months by feeding them on
N� japonica. Arima et al. (1963, 1964) studied the technologies for developing spawning beds, seed production and cultivation of S� esculenta, S� lycidas and S� japonica
and grew them from eggs spawned in tanks and fed on the larvae of shrimp, obtaining
detailed results on feeding rate, food conversion rate and growth. JASFA tried once to
rear S� esculenta and produced 30,000 hatchlings in 1986 for the purpose of restocking.
Hamabe (1963) obtained hatchlings of Todarodes pacificus spawned in the laboratory but they did not survive. Soichi (1976) kept juveniles of this species collected
from the wild for 67 days in a public aquarium by feeding with juvenile mullet. T�
pacificus has not been raised from eggs as the diet of the paralarvae is unknown.
Techniques for the artificial fertilization of ommastrephid squids were established
by Sakurai et al. (1995). The embryonic developmental process from artificial fertilization to hatching of T� pacificus was described by Watanabe et al. (1996). There
is a possibility that technologies for seed production will be developed for this species in the future, if the food organisms and feeding behaviour of the paralarvae of
this species in the wild were determined.
7.3 Restocking in Thailand
7.3.1 Background
Squid trapping is an artisanal fishery activity that is very popular around the coasts
of Thailand since its origin in about 1985. The trap itself is made from local materials