215
11 Salmon Aquaculture in Canada and Norway – Appraising Governability
performance bonds and eco-labelling. Further, they provide incentives for producers
to develop and adopt cleaner technologies. So far, market-based instruments have
not been used widely in salmon aquaculture. To do so is very challenging, because
the sources of environmental problems and their associated impacts and costs have
not been determined and estimated correctly.
From a governance perspective, the multi-layered governing authorities and the
numerous regulations, policies and standards provide the stringency required to
achieve the sustainable development of the salmon aquaculture industry. Different
stakeholder concerns – including those of relevant government agencies, aquaculture industry and allied associations, commercial and recreational fi shing sectors,
non-governmental organizations, local residents, First Nations, secondary supporting sectors and the general public – need to be taken into consideration. International
governance and integrated coastal management may offer solutions leading to
improvement of governability and sustainability.
Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the participants of the governance symposium at the annual conference of the American Fishery Society held in August 2008, Ottawa,
Canada for their helpful comments. Canada’s Research Network in Aquaculture (AquaNet) and
Norwegian Research Council are acknowledged for fi nancial support to the fi rst author. R.
Chuenpagdee acknowledges support from the Canada Research Chairs program and Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. R. Sumaila thanks the Sea Around Us and
Global Ocean Economic Projects for the support. Any errors, opinions or conclusions expressed
are those of the authors alone and should not re fl ect the funding agencies.
References
Aarset, B. (1998). Norwegian salmon-farming industry in transition: Dislocation of decision control.
Ocean and Coastal Management, 38, 187–206.
Asche, F. (2001). Testing the effect of an anti-dumping duty: the US salmon market. Empirical
Economics, 26, 343–355.
Asche, F. (2008). Farming the sea. Marine Resource Economics, 23(4), 527–547.
Asche, F., & Khatun, F. (2006). Aquaculture: Issues and opportunities for sustainable production
and trade. Issue Paper No. 5. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable
Development.
Asche, F., Bremnes, H., Wessells, C.R. (1999a). Product aggregation, market integration and relationships between prices: An application to world salmon markets. American Journal of
Agricultural Economics, 81, 568–581.
Asche, F., Guttormsen, A., Tveterås, R. (1999b). Environmental problems, productivity and innovations in Norwegian salmon aquaculture. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 3(1), 19–29.
Asche, F., Hansen, H., Tveteras, R., Tveteras, S. (2010). The Salmon disease crisis in Chile. Marine
Resource Economics, 24, 405–411.
Aunsmo, A., Valle, P.S., Sandberg, M., Midtlyng, P. J., Bruheim, T. (2010). Stochastic modelling
of direct costs of pancreas disease (PD) in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (salmo salar L.).
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 93, 233–241.
Bailey, C., Jentoft, S., Sinclair, P. (1996). Social science contributions to aquacultural development. In C. Bailey, S. Jentoft, P. Sinclair (Eds.), Social dimensions of an emerging industry
(pp. 3–20). Boulder: Westview Press.
11 Salmon Aquaculture in Canada and Norway – Appraising Governability
performance bonds and eco-labelling. Further, they provide incentives for producers
to develop and adopt cleaner technologies. So far, market-based instruments have
not been used widely in salmon aquaculture. To do so is very challenging, because
the sources of environmental problems and their associated impacts and costs have
not been determined and estimated correctly.
From a governance perspective, the multi-layered governing authorities and the
numerous regulations, policies and standards provide the stringency required to
achieve the sustainable development of the salmon aquaculture industry. Different
stakeholder concerns – including those of relevant government agencies, aquaculture industry and allied associations, commercial and recreational fi shing sectors,
non-governmental organizations, local residents, First Nations, secondary supporting sectors and the general public – need to be taken into consideration. International
governance and integrated coastal management may offer solutions leading to
improvement of governability and sustainability.
Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the participants of the governance symposium at the annual conference of the American Fishery Society held in August 2008, Ottawa,
Canada for their helpful comments. Canada’s Research Network in Aquaculture (AquaNet) and
Norwegian Research Council are acknowledged for fi nancial support to the fi rst author. R.
Chuenpagdee acknowledges support from the Canada Research Chairs program and Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. R. Sumaila thanks the Sea Around Us and
Global Ocean Economic Projects for the support. Any errors, opinions or conclusions expressed
are those of the authors alone and should not re fl ect the funding agencies.
References
Aarset, B. (1998). Norwegian salmon-farming industry in transition: Dislocation of decision control.
Ocean and Coastal Management, 38, 187–206.
Asche, F. (2001). Testing the effect of an anti-dumping duty: the US salmon market. Empirical
Economics, 26, 343–355.
Asche, F. (2008). Farming the sea. Marine Resource Economics, 23(4), 527–547.
Asche, F., & Khatun, F. (2006). Aquaculture: Issues and opportunities for sustainable production
and trade. Issue Paper No. 5. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable
Development.
Asche, F., Bremnes, H., Wessells, C.R. (1999a). Product aggregation, market integration and relationships between prices: An application to world salmon markets. American Journal of
Agricultural Economics, 81, 568–581.
Asche, F., Guttormsen, A., Tveterås, R. (1999b). Environmental problems, productivity and innovations in Norwegian salmon aquaculture. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 3(1), 19–29.
Asche, F., Hansen, H., Tveteras, R., Tveteras, S. (2010). The Salmon disease crisis in Chile. Marine
Resource Economics, 24, 405–411.
Aunsmo, A., Valle, P.S., Sandberg, M., Midtlyng, P. J., Bruheim, T. (2010). Stochastic modelling
of direct costs of pancreas disease (PD) in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (salmo salar L.).
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 93, 233–241.
Bailey, C., Jentoft, S., Sinclair, P. (1996). Social science contributions to aquacultural development. In C. Bailey, S. Jentoft, P. Sinclair (Eds.), Social dimensions of an emerging industry
(pp. 3–20). Boulder: Westview Press.