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51. Harwood VJ, Whitlock J, Worthington V (2000) Classification of antibiotic resistance
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53. Parveen S, Portier KM, Robinson K, Edmiston L, Tamplin ML (1999) Discriminant analysis
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fecal pollution. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3142–3147
54. Moore DF, Harwood VJ, Ferguson DM, Lukasik J, Hannah P, Getrich M, Brownell M (2005)
Evaluation of antibiotic resistance analysis and ribotyping for identification of faecal pollution sources in an urban watershed. J Appl Microbiol 99:618–628
55. Stoeckel DM, Harwood VJ (2007) Performance, design, and analysis in microbial source
tracking studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:2405–2415
56. Seurinck S, Defoirdt T, Verstraete W, Siciliano SD (2005) Detection and quantification of the
human-specific HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic marker with real-time PCR for
assessment of human faecal pollution in freshwater. Environ Microbiol 2:249–259
57. Wuertz S, Wang D, Reischer GH, Farnleitner AH (2011) Library-independent bacterial
source tracking methods. In: Hagedorn C, Blanch A, Harwood VJ (eds) Microbial source
tracking: methods, applications, and case studies. Springer, New York, pp 61–112
58. Layton A, McKay L, Williams D, Garrett V, Gentry R, Sayler G (2006) Development of
Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene TaqMan-based real-time PCR assays for estimation of total,
human, and bovine fecal pollution in water. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(6):4214–4224
59. Kildare BJ, Leutenegger CM, McSwain BS, Bambic DG, Rajal VB, Wuertz S (2007) 16S
rRNA-based assays for quantitative detection of universal, human-, cow-, and dog-specific
fecal Bacteroidales: a Bayesian approach. Water Res 41(16):3701–3715
60. Harwood VJ, Staley C, Badgley BD, Borges K, Korajkic A (2014) Microbial source tracking
markers for detection of human sewage and fecal contamination in environmental waters:
relationships to pathogens and human health outcomes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 38:1–40
Microbial Source Tracking: Advances in Research and a Guide to Application
285
lawsregs/lawsguidance/beachrules/act.cfm. Accessed 1 July 2014
44. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (2012) Final 2012 305(b)/303(d) water quality
assessment
integrated
report.
http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/
WaterQualityInformationTMDLs/WaterQualityAssessments/2012305%28b%29303%28d%
29IntegratedReport.aspx. Accessed 1 July 2014
45. Wade TJ, Pai N, Eisenberg JNS, Colfor JMJ (2003) Do U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A
systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 111(8):1102–1109
46. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2011) Beach act. http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/
lawsguidance/beachrules/act.cfm. Accessed 1 July 2014
47. Wade TJ, Calderon RL, Sams E, Beach M, Brenner KP, Dufour AP (2006) Rapidly measured
indicators of recreational water quality are predictive of swimming associated gastrointestinal illness. Environ Health Perspect 114(1):24–28
48. Wade TJ, Sams E, Brenner KP, Haugland R, Chern E, Beach M, Wymer L, Rankin CC,
Love D, Li Q, Noble R, Dufour AP (2010) Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water
quality and swimming-associated illness at marine beaches: a prospective cohort study.
Environ Health 9:66
49. Mott J, Smith A (2011) Library-dependent source tracking methods. In: Hagedorn C,
Blanch A, Harwood VJ (eds) Microbial source tracking: methods, applications, and case
studies. Springer, New York, pp 31–60
50. Parveen S, Murphree RL, Edmiston L, Kaspar CW, Tamplin ML (1997) Association of
multiple-antibiotic-resistance profiles with point and nonpoint sources of Escherichia coli in
Apalachicola Bay. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:2607–2612
51. Harwood VJ, Whitlock J, Worthington V (2000) Classification of antibiotic resistance
patterns of indicator bacteria by discriminant analysis: use in predicting the source of fecal
contamination in subtropical waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:3698–3704
52. Hagedorn C, Robinson SL, Filtz JR, Grubbs SM, Angier TA, Reneau RB Jr (1999) Determining sources of fecal pollution in a rural Virginia watershed with antibiotic resistance
patterns in fecal streptococci. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:5522–5531
53. Parveen S, Portier KM, Robinson K, Edmiston L, Tamplin ML (1999) Discriminant analysis
of ribotype profiles of Escherichia coli for differentiating human and nonhuman sources of
fecal pollution. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3142–3147
54. Moore DF, Harwood VJ, Ferguson DM, Lukasik J, Hannah P, Getrich M, Brownell M (2005)
Evaluation of antibiotic resistance analysis and ribotyping for identification of faecal pollution sources in an urban watershed. J Appl Microbiol 99:618–628
55. Stoeckel DM, Harwood VJ (2007) Performance, design, and analysis in microbial source
tracking studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:2405–2415
56. Seurinck S, Defoirdt T, Verstraete W, Siciliano SD (2005) Detection and quantification of the
human-specific HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic marker with real-time PCR for
assessment of human faecal pollution in freshwater. Environ Microbiol 2:249–259
57. Wuertz S, Wang D, Reischer GH, Farnleitner AH (2011) Library-independent bacterial
source tracking methods. In: Hagedorn C, Blanch A, Harwood VJ (eds) Microbial source
tracking: methods, applications, and case studies. Springer, New York, pp 61–112
58. Layton A, McKay L, Williams D, Garrett V, Gentry R, Sayler G (2006) Development of
Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene TaqMan-based real-time PCR assays for estimation of total,
human, and bovine fecal pollution in water. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(6):4214–4224
59. Kildare BJ, Leutenegger CM, McSwain BS, Bambic DG, Rajal VB, Wuertz S (2007) 16S
rRNA-based assays for quantitative detection of universal, human-, cow-, and dog-specific
fecal Bacteroidales: a Bayesian approach. Water Res 41(16):3701–3715
60. Harwood VJ, Staley C, Badgley BD, Borges K, Korajkic A (2014) Microbial source tracking
markers for detection of human sewage and fecal contamination in environmental waters:
relationships to pathogens and human health outcomes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 38:1–40
Microbial Source Tracking: Advances in Research and a Guide to Application
285