17. Pritt JJ, Frimpong EA (2014) The effect of sampling intensity on patterns of rarity and
community assessment metrics in stream fish samples. Ecol Indic 39:169–178
18. Lenat DR, Resh VH (2001) Taxonomy and stream ecology—the benefits of genus-and
species-level identification. J North Am Benthol Soc 20:287–298
19. Jiang X, Xiong J, Song Z et al (2013) Is coarse taxonomy sufficient for detecting
macroinvertebrate patterns in floodplain lakes? Ecol Indic 27:48–55
20. Uzarski DG, Burton TM, Cooper MJ et al (2005) Fish habitat use within and across wetland
classes in coastal wetlands of the five Great Lakes: development of a fish-based index of
biotic integrity. J Great Lakes Res 31:171–187
21. Chen K, Hughes RM, Xu S et al (2014) Evaluating performance of macroinvertebrate-based
adjusted and unadjusted multi-metric indices (MMI) using multi-season and multi-year
samples. Ecol Indic 36:142–151
22. Smucker NJ, Vis ML (2009) Use of diatoms to assess agricultural and coal mining impacts on
streams and a multiassemblage case study. J North Am Benthol Soc 28:659–675
23. Blocksom KA, Kurtenbach JP, Klemm DJ et al (2002) Development and evaluation of the
lake macroinvertebrate integrity index (LMII) for New Jersey lakes and reservoirs. Environ
Monit Assess 77:311–333
24. Pan Y, Hughes RM, Herlihy AT et al (2012) Non-wadeable river bioassessment: spatial
variation of benthic diatom assemblages in Pacific Northwest rivers, USA. Hydrobiologia
684:241–260
25. Whittier TR, Hughes RM, Lomnicky GA et al (2007) Fish and amphibian tolerance values
and an assemblage tolerance index for streams and rivers in the western USA. Trans Am Fish
Soc 136:254–271
26. Black RW, Moran PW, Frankforter JD (2011) Response of algal metrics to nutrients and
physical factors and identification of nutrient thresholds in agricultural streams. Environ
Monit Assess 175:397–417
27. Zhu D, Chang J (2008) Annual variations of biotic integrity in the upper Yangtze River using
an adapted index of biotic integrity (IBI). Ecol Indic 8:564–572
28. Lenat DR (1993) Using mentum deformities of Chironomus larvae to evaluate the effects of
toxicity and organic loading in streams. J North Am Benthol Soc 12(3):265–269
29. Fore LS, Grafe C (2002) Using diatoms to assess the biological condition of large rivers in
Idaho (USA). Freshw Biol 47:2015–2037
30. Reynoldson T, Norris R, Resh V et al (1997) The reference condition: a comparison of
multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess water-quality impairment using benthic
macroinvertebrates. J North Am Benthol Soc 16:833–852
31. Bailey RC, Kennedy MG, Dervish MZ (1998) Biological assessment of freshwater ecosystems using a reference condition approach: comparing predicted and actual benthic invertebrate communities in Yukon streams. Freshw Biol 39:765–774
32. Stoddard JL, Larsen DP, Hawkins CP et al (2006) Setting expectations for the ecological
condition of streams: the concept of reference condition. Ecol Appl 16:1267–1276
33. Birks H, Line J, Juggins S et al (1990) Diatoms and pH reconstruction. Philos Trans R Soc
Lond B Biol Sci 327:263–278
34. Hughes RM, Kaufmann PR, Herlihy AT et al (1998) A process for developing and evaluating
indices of fish assemblage integrity. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55:1618–1631
35. Thoms M, Ogden R, Reid M (1999) Establishing the condition of lowland floodplain rivers: a
palaeo-ecological approach. Freshw Biol 41:407–423
36. Shirey PD, Cowley DE, Sallenave R (2008) Diatoms from gut contents of museum specimens
of an endangered minnow suggest long-term ecological changes in the Rio Grande (USA).
J Paleolimnol 40:263–272
37. Nelson SM, Roline RA (1996) Recovery of a stream macroinvertebrate community from
mine drainage disturbance. Hydrobiologia 339:73–84
260
A.L. Garey and L.A. Smock
community assessment metrics in stream fish samples. Ecol Indic 39:169–178
18. Lenat DR, Resh VH (2001) Taxonomy and stream ecology—the benefits of genus-and
species-level identification. J North Am Benthol Soc 20:287–298
19. Jiang X, Xiong J, Song Z et al (2013) Is coarse taxonomy sufficient for detecting
macroinvertebrate patterns in floodplain lakes? Ecol Indic 27:48–55
20. Uzarski DG, Burton TM, Cooper MJ et al (2005) Fish habitat use within and across wetland
classes in coastal wetlands of the five Great Lakes: development of a fish-based index of
biotic integrity. J Great Lakes Res 31:171–187
21. Chen K, Hughes RM, Xu S et al (2014) Evaluating performance of macroinvertebrate-based
adjusted and unadjusted multi-metric indices (MMI) using multi-season and multi-year
samples. Ecol Indic 36:142–151
22. Smucker NJ, Vis ML (2009) Use of diatoms to assess agricultural and coal mining impacts on
streams and a multiassemblage case study. J North Am Benthol Soc 28:659–675
23. Blocksom KA, Kurtenbach JP, Klemm DJ et al (2002) Development and evaluation of the
lake macroinvertebrate integrity index (LMII) for New Jersey lakes and reservoirs. Environ
Monit Assess 77:311–333
24. Pan Y, Hughes RM, Herlihy AT et al (2012) Non-wadeable river bioassessment: spatial
variation of benthic diatom assemblages in Pacific Northwest rivers, USA. Hydrobiologia
684:241–260
25. Whittier TR, Hughes RM, Lomnicky GA et al (2007) Fish and amphibian tolerance values
and an assemblage tolerance index for streams and rivers in the western USA. Trans Am Fish
Soc 136:254–271
26. Black RW, Moran PW, Frankforter JD (2011) Response of algal metrics to nutrients and
physical factors and identification of nutrient thresholds in agricultural streams. Environ
Monit Assess 175:397–417
27. Zhu D, Chang J (2008) Annual variations of biotic integrity in the upper Yangtze River using
an adapted index of biotic integrity (IBI). Ecol Indic 8:564–572
28. Lenat DR (1993) Using mentum deformities of Chironomus larvae to evaluate the effects of
toxicity and organic loading in streams. J North Am Benthol Soc 12(3):265–269
29. Fore LS, Grafe C (2002) Using diatoms to assess the biological condition of large rivers in
Idaho (USA). Freshw Biol 47:2015–2037
30. Reynoldson T, Norris R, Resh V et al (1997) The reference condition: a comparison of
multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess water-quality impairment using benthic
macroinvertebrates. J North Am Benthol Soc 16:833–852
31. Bailey RC, Kennedy MG, Dervish MZ (1998) Biological assessment of freshwater ecosystems using a reference condition approach: comparing predicted and actual benthic invertebrate communities in Yukon streams. Freshw Biol 39:765–774
32. Stoddard JL, Larsen DP, Hawkins CP et al (2006) Setting expectations for the ecological
condition of streams: the concept of reference condition. Ecol Appl 16:1267–1276
33. Birks H, Line J, Juggins S et al (1990) Diatoms and pH reconstruction. Philos Trans R Soc
Lond B Biol Sci 327:263–278
34. Hughes RM, Kaufmann PR, Herlihy AT et al (1998) A process for developing and evaluating
indices of fish assemblage integrity. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55:1618–1631
35. Thoms M, Ogden R, Reid M (1999) Establishing the condition of lowland floodplain rivers: a
palaeo-ecological approach. Freshw Biol 41:407–423
36. Shirey PD, Cowley DE, Sallenave R (2008) Diatoms from gut contents of museum specimens
of an endangered minnow suggest long-term ecological changes in the Rio Grande (USA).
J Paleolimnol 40:263–272
37. Nelson SM, Roline RA (1996) Recovery of a stream macroinvertebrate community from
mine drainage disturbance. Hydrobiologia 339:73–84
260
A.L. Garey and L.A. Smock