Acknowledgments We wish to thank Michael Barbour, Simone Langhans, and Gregory Pond for
providing the material that resulted in our “interviews with the experts” section. Their insights
have provided an invaluable contribution to this work. This is VCU Rice Rivers Center Contribution Number 49.
References
1. Barbour MT, Gerritsen J, Snyder B et al (1999) Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in
streams and wadeable rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, 2nd edn. EPA
841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC
2. Ahrens L, Bundschuh M (2014) Fate and effects of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the
aquatic environment: a review. Environ Toxicol Chem 33:1921–1929
3. Mueller M, Pander J, Geist J (2014) A new tool for assessment and monitoring of community
and ecosystem change based on multivariate abundance data integration from different
taxonomic groups. Environ Syst Res 3(1):12. doi:10.1186/2193-2697-3-12
4. Kolkwitz R, Marsson M (1902) Grundsa ¨tze fu ¨r die biologische beurtheilung des wassers,
nach seiner flora und fauna. Mitteilungen der Prufungsansalt fur Wasserversorgung und
Abwasserreining 1:1–64
5. Junqueira MV, Friedrich G, de Araujo PR (2010) A saprobic index for biological assessment
of river water quality in Brazil (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states). Environ Monit
Assess 163:545–554
6. Usseglio‐Polatera P, Bournaud M, Richoux P et al (2000) Biological and ecological traits of
benthic freshwater macroinvertebrates: relationships and definition of groups with similar
traits. Freshw Biol 43:175–205
7. Frey DG (1977) Biological integrity of water-an historical approach. In: The integrity of
water: proceedings of a symposium, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
10–12 Mar 1975
8. Karr JR, Dudley DR (1981) Ecological perspective on water quality goals. Environ Manage
5:55–68
9. Barbour MT, Paul MJ (2010) Adding value to water resource management through biological
assessment of rivers. Hydrobiologia 651:17–24
10. Fauth J, Bernardo J, Camara M et al (1996) Simplifying the jargon of community ecology: a
conceptual approach. Am Nat 147:282–286
11. Carlisle DM, Hawkins CP, Meador MR et al (2008) Biological assessments of Appalachian
streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages.
J North Am Benthol Soc 27:16–37
12. Bae M, Kwon Y, Hwang S et al (2011) Relationships between three major stream assemblages and their environmental factors in multiple spatial scales. Ann Limnol—Int J Lim 47:
S91–S105
13. Pilie `re A, Schipper AM, Breure AM et al (2014) Comparing responses of freshwater fish and
invertebrate community integrity along multiple environmental gradients. Ecol Indic 43:215–
226
14. Carter JL, Resh VH (2001) After site selection and before data analysis: sampling, sorting,
and laboratory procedures used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by
USA state agencies. J North Am Benthol Soc 20:658–682
15. Potapova M, Charles DF (2005) Choice of substrate in algae-based water-quality assessment.
J North Am Benthol Soc 24:415–427
16. Li J, Herlihy A, Gerth W et al (2001) Variability in stream macroinvertebrates at multiple
spatial scales. Freshw Biol 46:87–97
Principles for the Development of Contemporary Bioassessment Indices for. . .
259
providing the material that resulted in our “interviews with the experts” section. Their insights
have provided an invaluable contribution to this work. This is VCU Rice Rivers Center Contribution Number 49.
References
1. Barbour MT, Gerritsen J, Snyder B et al (1999) Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in
streams and wadeable rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, 2nd edn. EPA
841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC
2. Ahrens L, Bundschuh M (2014) Fate and effects of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the
aquatic environment: a review. Environ Toxicol Chem 33:1921–1929
3. Mueller M, Pander J, Geist J (2014) A new tool for assessment and monitoring of community
and ecosystem change based on multivariate abundance data integration from different
taxonomic groups. Environ Syst Res 3(1):12. doi:10.1186/2193-2697-3-12
4. Kolkwitz R, Marsson M (1902) Grundsa ¨tze fu ¨r die biologische beurtheilung des wassers,
nach seiner flora und fauna. Mitteilungen der Prufungsansalt fur Wasserversorgung und
Abwasserreining 1:1–64
5. Junqueira MV, Friedrich G, de Araujo PR (2010) A saprobic index for biological assessment
of river water quality in Brazil (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states). Environ Monit
Assess 163:545–554
6. Usseglio‐Polatera P, Bournaud M, Richoux P et al (2000) Biological and ecological traits of
benthic freshwater macroinvertebrates: relationships and definition of groups with similar
traits. Freshw Biol 43:175–205
7. Frey DG (1977) Biological integrity of water-an historical approach. In: The integrity of
water: proceedings of a symposium, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
10–12 Mar 1975
8. Karr JR, Dudley DR (1981) Ecological perspective on water quality goals. Environ Manage
5:55–68
9. Barbour MT, Paul MJ (2010) Adding value to water resource management through biological
assessment of rivers. Hydrobiologia 651:17–24
10. Fauth J, Bernardo J, Camara M et al (1996) Simplifying the jargon of community ecology: a
conceptual approach. Am Nat 147:282–286
11. Carlisle DM, Hawkins CP, Meador MR et al (2008) Biological assessments of Appalachian
streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages.
J North Am Benthol Soc 27:16–37
12. Bae M, Kwon Y, Hwang S et al (2011) Relationships between three major stream assemblages and their environmental factors in multiple spatial scales. Ann Limnol—Int J Lim 47:
S91–S105
13. Pilie `re A, Schipper AM, Breure AM et al (2014) Comparing responses of freshwater fish and
invertebrate community integrity along multiple environmental gradients. Ecol Indic 43:215–
226
14. Carter JL, Resh VH (2001) After site selection and before data analysis: sampling, sorting,
and laboratory procedures used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by
USA state agencies. J North Am Benthol Soc 20:658–682
15. Potapova M, Charles DF (2005) Choice of substrate in algae-based water-quality assessment.
J North Am Benthol Soc 24:415–427
16. Li J, Herlihy A, Gerth W et al (2001) Variability in stream macroinvertebrates at multiple
spatial scales. Freshw Biol 46:87–97
Principles for the Development of Contemporary Bioassessment Indices for. . .
259