Water Quality Monitoring in Russian Rivers
119
one of the clusters. This result supports the result of the DOM characterization
using size-exclusion chromatography, which indicated that the major portion of
the DOM is of natural origin (Gremm and Frimmel 2000a). The largest cluster
consists of the parameters total P, AOX, ammonium, Ni, nitrate, and chloride.
This result indicates that the major pollutants in the Moskva River are
interconnected. The only heavy metal that is connected to the major pollutants is
Ni. The other heavy metals, with the exception of Cd, build a cluster of their own.
Cadmium is weakly connected to the conductivity and the pH value. Another
useful method to evaluate the relationships of the measured parameters is the
principle component analysis (PCA). Table 6 shows the factor loadings of three
factors that were extracted from the dataset of the longitudinal profiles using PCA.
With the tree factors about 70% of the total variance could be accounted for.
Factor I showed high loading factors (> 0.7) for the DOC and the humic material
(humics). Factor 2 had high factor loadings for chloride, nitrate, ammonium, total
P, AOX, and Ni. These are the parameters of which an interconnection was also
derived from the cluster analysis. The third factor showed high factor loadings for
Zn and Pb. The loadings for the other heavy metals, with the exception of Cd,
were in the range between 0.41 and 0.56.
2
QI
U
C
I' CI
- VI
C
QI
III
I' CI
.a:
c
:::i
0
1:1 1:1 ::t 1/1 C :::J J:I
0
1/1
~
0:- >< E Z S CD
0
c 0.
0
1:1
0
' E!
!
:::J
!l ·c
0
C
:::J
:::J ~
Z
In
0
:E
:I:
E
0
E
sampling sites of the longitudinal profile samplings
As was found for the cluster analysis, the major pollutants in this area seem to
be connected in terms of their occurrence. This is strong evidence that these
pollutants also have the same sources. It is also interesting to note that the chloride
concentration also falls within the pollution parameter cluster. Chloride is an
indicator parameter for anthropogenic pollution that is coming predominantly into
the aquatic system by inputs from municipal waste water (Zahn and Grimm 1993).
119
one of the clusters. This result supports the result of the DOM characterization
using size-exclusion chromatography, which indicated that the major portion of
the DOM is of natural origin (Gremm and Frimmel 2000a). The largest cluster
consists of the parameters total P, AOX, ammonium, Ni, nitrate, and chloride.
This result indicates that the major pollutants in the Moskva River are
interconnected. The only heavy metal that is connected to the major pollutants is
Ni. The other heavy metals, with the exception of Cd, build a cluster of their own.
Cadmium is weakly connected to the conductivity and the pH value. Another
useful method to evaluate the relationships of the measured parameters is the
principle component analysis (PCA). Table 6 shows the factor loadings of three
factors that were extracted from the dataset of the longitudinal profiles using PCA.
With the tree factors about 70% of the total variance could be accounted for.
Factor I showed high loading factors (> 0.7) for the DOC and the humic material
(humics). Factor 2 had high factor loadings for chloride, nitrate, ammonium, total
P, AOX, and Ni. These are the parameters of which an interconnection was also
derived from the cluster analysis. The third factor showed high factor loadings for
Zn and Pb. The loadings for the other heavy metals, with the exception of Cd,
were in the range between 0.41 and 0.56.
2
QI
U
C
I' CI
- VI
C
QI
III
I' CI
.a:
c
:::i
0
1:1 1:1 ::t 1/1 C :::J J:I
0
1/1
~
0:- >< E Z S CD
0
c 0.
0
1:1
0
' E!
!
:::J
!l ·c
0
C
:::J
:::J ~
Z
In
0
:E
:I:
E
0
E
sampling sites of the longitudinal profile samplings
As was found for the cluster analysis, the major pollutants in this area seem to
be connected in terms of their occurrence. This is strong evidence that these
pollutants also have the same sources. It is also interesting to note that the chloride
concentration also falls within the pollution parameter cluster. Chloride is an
indicator parameter for anthropogenic pollution that is coming predominantly into
the aquatic system by inputs from municipal waste water (Zahn and Grimm 1993).