Contents
XI
2.3 The Transport ModeL... ... ..... ............ ...... ..... .......... .............. 86
2.4 The Multicomponent Reactive Transport Model CW2D...... 88
3 Results and Discussion... ........ .... .... ....... ..... .......... ....... ................. 89
4 Summary and Conclusions... .... ... ...... ...... ... .... ........................... ... 97
Notation.............................................................................................. 98
References.......................................................................................... 99
Part II Preserving the Quality of Surface Water
6 Water Quality Monitoring in Russian Rivers: Results
of a Case Study on the Pollution Situation of the
Rivers Moskva and Oka
T. Gremm, A. Heidt, F. Frimmel, V. Yashin
and A. Mytryukhin................................ ........................ ......... 103
1 Introduction.... .... ........... ............ ...... ........... ...... .... .... ... ............ ..... 104
2 Material and Methods................................................................... 105
2.1 Study Site. ......... ................ ..... ............ ....................... ..... ........ 105
2.2 Methodology .......................................................................... 105
2.3 Water-Quality Targets........................................................... 108
3 Results and Discussion. .... ......... .... ............. ............. ..... ....... ..... .... 109
3.1 Water and Sediment Quality .................................................. 109
3.2 Toxicity Tests ......................................................................... 116
3.3 Longitudinal Concentration Profiles ...................................... 118
3.4 Load of Pollutants .................................................................. 120
3.5 Comparison with Other Rivers .............................................. 122
4 Summary and Conclusions........................................................... 123
References.......................................................................................... 124
7 Water Sources and Quality Along the Lower Jordan River,
Regional Study
U. Shavit, R. Holtzman, M. Segal, A. Vengush, E. Farber, I.
Gavrieli and T. Bullen..... ..... ...... ............. ... ...... ............ .......... 127
1 Introduction.... ...... ....... ....... ....... ..... ..... ........ ......... ........... .... ... ... .... 128
2 Methods.... .......... .... ...... ....... ..... ...... .......... ....... ........ ..... .... ............ 130
2.1 Organization ........................................................................... 130
2.2 Discharge Measurements ....................................................... 132
2.3 Geochemistry ......................................................................... 134
3 Results and Discussion......... .... ......... ..... ....... ....... ....... .......... ... ..... 134
3.1 Chemical and Isotope Analysis.. ... ...... ... ........... ...... ........... .... 134
3.2 Flow Rate Measurements ....................................................... 142
3.3 Mass Balance Calculations .................................................... 143