XII
Contents
4 Conclusions ................................................................................... 147
5 References.... ..... ........ ...... ....... ....... .... .... ......... .............. .... ..... ........ 148
8 Water Resources Issues of the Laurentian Great Lakes
J.F. Atkinson .................................................................................... 149
1 Introduction .................................................................................... 149
2 Management History ...................................................................... 151
3 Water Resources Issues .................................................................. 153
3.1 Water Quantity ....................................................................... 154
3.2 Hydrodynamics and Water Quality ....................................... 154
3.3 Fisheries and Aquaculture ...................................................... 156
3.4 Invasive Species ..................................................................... 156
3.5 Public Health and Policy ........................................................ 157
4 Contaminated Sediments... ...... ........ ..... ......... ............ ....... ............. 157
4.1 Resuspension......................................................................... 158
4.2 Partitioning Model. ................................................................ 159
4.3 Export of Contaminants ......................................................... 160
4.4 Management Options.. ..... ........... ............... .... .... .... ....... ......... 161
5 Summary and Conclusions............... .... ....... ............. ...... ... ........ .... 162
Notation ............................................................................................... 162
References.... ............. ........ ..... ........ ......... .... ......... ....... ....... ... .......... .... 163
9 Advanced Approach for Synoptic Monitoring of a Lake
Ecosystem: Lake Kinneret as a Model
A. Sukenik, I. Ostrovsky and A. Nishri .................................. 165
1 Introduction.. ........ ........ .... .... .... ... .... ........... ........ ..... ...... .... ... ......... 165
2 The Underwater-Towed Undulating Monitoring
System (U-TUMS) ....................................................................... 168
3 Application ofU-TUMS for Limnological Studies
in Lake Kinneret............................................................................ 169
3.1 Spatial Limnological Heterogeneity of a Stratified Lake...... 169
3.2 Identification of Local Phenomena........................................ 173
4 Conclusions................................................................................... 175
References........................................................................................... 175
10 Monitoring Lake Kinneret and Its Watershed: Forming
the Basis for Management of a water Supply Lake
D. Markel and U. Shamir .. ............................................................... 177
1 Introduction............. .................. ... ....... ......... ................... ...... ........ 177
2 The Organizational Setup... ..... ...... ..... ....... ..... ....... ..... ........ ........... 180
3 The Monitoring System..... .... ......... ... ........ ............ ....... ..... ............ 182
3.1 Improving the Monitoring............................... ........................ 184
Contents
4 Conclusions ................................................................................... 147
5 References.... ..... ........ ...... ....... ....... .... .... ......... .............. .... ..... ........ 148
8 Water Resources Issues of the Laurentian Great Lakes
J.F. Atkinson .................................................................................... 149
1 Introduction .................................................................................... 149
2 Management History ...................................................................... 151
3 Water Resources Issues .................................................................. 153
3.1 Water Quantity ....................................................................... 154
3.2 Hydrodynamics and Water Quality ....................................... 154
3.3 Fisheries and Aquaculture ...................................................... 156
3.4 Invasive Species ..................................................................... 156
3.5 Public Health and Policy ........................................................ 157
4 Contaminated Sediments... ...... ........ ..... ......... ............ ....... ............. 157
4.1 Resuspension......................................................................... 158
4.2 Partitioning Model. ................................................................ 159
4.3 Export of Contaminants ......................................................... 160
4.4 Management Options.. ..... ........... ............... .... .... .... ....... ......... 161
5 Summary and Conclusions............... .... ....... ............. ...... ... ........ .... 162
Notation ............................................................................................... 162
References.... ............. ........ ..... ........ ......... .... ......... ....... ....... ... .......... .... 163
9 Advanced Approach for Synoptic Monitoring of a Lake
Ecosystem: Lake Kinneret as a Model
A. Sukenik, I. Ostrovsky and A. Nishri .................................. 165
1 Introduction.. ........ ........ .... .... .... ... .... ........... ........ ..... ...... .... ... ......... 165
2 The Underwater-Towed Undulating Monitoring
System (U-TUMS) ....................................................................... 168
3 Application ofU-TUMS for Limnological Studies
in Lake Kinneret............................................................................ 169
3.1 Spatial Limnological Heterogeneity of a Stratified Lake...... 169
3.2 Identification of Local Phenomena........................................ 173
4 Conclusions................................................................................... 175
References........................................................................................... 175
10 Monitoring Lake Kinneret and Its Watershed: Forming
the Basis for Management of a water Supply Lake
D. Markel and U. Shamir .. ............................................................... 177
1 Introduction............. .................. ... ....... ......... ................... ...... ........ 177
2 The Organizational Setup... ..... ...... ..... ....... ..... ....... ..... ........ ........... 180
3 The Monitoring System..... .... ......... ... ........ ............ ....... ..... ............ 182
3.1 Improving the Monitoring............................... ........................ 184