Tamarin, see Saguinus
Taricha granulose (rough-skinned
newt), vasotocin effects on
behavior, 292
Telogryllus commodus (a cricket),
efficiency of acoustic signaling, 229
Temperature
fundamental frequency of fish
vocalizations, 52
signal characteristics, 247ff
surface and sound transmission, 34
Temporal combination sensitivity, 336,
338–340
model, 340
Temporal patterns, signal partitioning,
238–239
Temporal signal structure,
environmental constraints, 233–234
Testosterone
biosynthesis and conversion, 285
cellular effects in CNS, 289
effects on bird vocalization, 284–285
effects on fish vocalization, 297
effects on frog vocalization, 291–292
effects on rodent vocalization,
294–295
effects on vocal organs in birds,
286ff
sexual dimorphism in fish, 307
Thermocline, underwater sound, 20–21
Toadfish, see Opsanus, Porichthys
Tonotopy, modulation in auditory
cortex, 351–352
Trachea
bird, 90–91, 105
evolution, 90–91
Trachops cirrhosus (fringe-lipped
bat), detection of frogs, 5
eavesdropping, 240–241
hearing for eavesdropping, 241–242
low-frequency hearing, 262
Transmission loss
fish sounds, 46ff, 51
freshwater pond, 51
Porichthys vocalizations, 50–51
underwater sound, 25ff
Trill rate, rufous-collared sparrow, 236
Tropical bush shrike, see Laniarius
funebris
402
Index
Túngara frog, see Physalaemus
pustulosus
Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose
dolphin)
distinctive individual vocalization,
145
whistle learning, 159ff, 198
Two-voice phenomenon, bird, 85–86
Ultrasonic communication, moths, 263
Underwater sound
geometric spreading, 25–26
physics, 15ff
transmission loss, 25ff
Vasopressin, 276
Vasotocin, effects on behavior in frogs,
292
Velocity profile, sound, 20–21
Velocity, sound, 19ff
Vervet monkey, see Cercopithecus
aethiops
Vibration, underwater sound, 16ff
Visual system, feature detection, 333
Vocal air sacs, 93–95
Vocal brain circuitry, fishes, 55
Vocal cords, frog body size, 232
Vocal development, Melopsittacus
undulates, 173–174
social interactions, 202ff
Tursiops truncatus, 160ff
Vocal folds
bat, 89
Cercopithecus albogularis, 89
frog, 88–90
Physaleamus, 88
primate, 89
Vocal learning, 138ff
acoustic communication, 140–141
and cultural evolution, 208–109
Cebuella pygmaea calls, 180ff
defined, 139
dialects, 183ff
evidence for, 139ff
experimental test designs, 141–142
group signatures, 166ff
hummingbirds, 187ff
Macaca ssp., 164ff
Megapera novaengliaes, 194–195
Taricha granulose (rough-skinned
newt), vasotocin effects on
behavior, 292
Telogryllus commodus (a cricket),
efficiency of acoustic signaling, 229
Temperature
fundamental frequency of fish
vocalizations, 52
signal characteristics, 247ff
surface and sound transmission, 34
Temporal combination sensitivity, 336,
338–340
model, 340
Temporal patterns, signal partitioning,
238–239
Temporal signal structure,
environmental constraints, 233–234
Testosterone
biosynthesis and conversion, 285
cellular effects in CNS, 289
effects on bird vocalization, 284–285
effects on fish vocalization, 297
effects on frog vocalization, 291–292
effects on rodent vocalization,
294–295
effects on vocal organs in birds,
286ff
sexual dimorphism in fish, 307
Thermocline, underwater sound, 20–21
Toadfish, see Opsanus, Porichthys
Tonotopy, modulation in auditory
cortex, 351–352
Trachea
bird, 90–91, 105
evolution, 90–91
Trachops cirrhosus (fringe-lipped
bat), detection of frogs, 5
eavesdropping, 240–241
hearing for eavesdropping, 241–242
low-frequency hearing, 262
Transmission loss
fish sounds, 46ff, 51
freshwater pond, 51
Porichthys vocalizations, 50–51
underwater sound, 25ff
Trill rate, rufous-collared sparrow, 236
Tropical bush shrike, see Laniarius
funebris
402
Index
Túngara frog, see Physalaemus
pustulosus
Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose
dolphin)
distinctive individual vocalization,
145
whistle learning, 159ff, 198
Two-voice phenomenon, bird, 85–86
Ultrasonic communication, moths, 263
Underwater sound
geometric spreading, 25–26
physics, 15ff
transmission loss, 25ff
Vasopressin, 276
Vasotocin, effects on behavior in frogs,
292
Velocity profile, sound, 20–21
Velocity, sound, 19ff
Vervet monkey, see Cercopithecus
aethiops
Vibration, underwater sound, 16ff
Visual system, feature detection, 333
Vocal air sacs, 93–95
Vocal brain circuitry, fishes, 55
Vocal cords, frog body size, 232
Vocal development, Melopsittacus
undulates, 173–174
social interactions, 202ff
Tursiops truncatus, 160ff
Vocal folds
bat, 89
Cercopithecus albogularis, 89
frog, 88–90
Physaleamus, 88
primate, 89
Vocal learning, 138ff
acoustic communication, 140–141
and cultural evolution, 208–109
Cebuella pygmaea calls, 180ff
defined, 139
dialects, 183ff
evidence for, 139ff
experimental test designs, 141–142
group signatures, 166ff
hummingbirds, 187ff
Macaca ssp., 164ff
Megapera novaengliaes, 194–195