Melopsittacus undulates, 173–174
Parus ssp. calls, 169ff
phylogenetic context, 207–208
Saguinus ssp., 196–197
Tursiops truncatus, 159ff
yellow-naped amazon parrot, 185ff
Vocal motor pathway (VMP), bird,
345–347, 349, 350–351
Vocal organs
effects of testosterone in birds, 286ff
hormonal modification in birds, 286
Vocal recognition
Aptenodytes forsteriis, 356
Aptenodytes patagonicus, 355–356
Callorhinus ursinus, 356
Crocuta crocuta, 356
European starling, 358ff
Halichoerus grypus, 356
intraspecific, 356ff
kin, 356
Loxodonta africana, 356
Macaca, 364
model, 354ff
Phyllostomus hastatus, 356
primate auditory cortex, 365–367
primate, 364ff
songbird, 356ff
strategies, 357–358
Vocal sacs, frogs and signaling, 228–
229
Vocal signals, perception, 354–355
Vocal tract, 79ff
bird, 79–80, 84, 90–91, 104–105
Canis familiaris, 104
cats, 89–90
dinosaur, 105
filtering, 82ff
frogs, 81–82
Grus, 91
human, 81, 104
length and body size, 103–104
Macaca mulatta, 104
mammal, 91–93
modifications, 90ff
proboscises, 93
similarities to wind instruments, 82,
83
sound production, 79ff
See also Vocal folds
Index
403
Vocalization
aggressive vocalizations and
hormones in birds, 299–300
and body size, 143
Bufo, 299
canary, 288, 289
categorization, 353–354
classification, 353–354
CNS control and hormones in birds,
286ff
conspecific, 352, 353–354
development and hormones, 301ff
development in frogs, 302ff
effects of oxytocin in rodents, 295
energy source, 73ff
feature detection, 333
fish, 296–298
hormonal effects, 284ff
hormone effects in frogs, 291ff
plasticity, 351–352
Porichthys, 46ff
primate, 120ff
Rana, 299
selectivity for conspecifics, 341–342
sex differences size dimorphism, 143
sexual dimorphism in fish, 306–307
sexual dimorphism, 301ff
song bird, 288
Taeniopygia guttata, 288
Tursiops truncatus social behavior,
159ff
Xenopus laevis, 298–299, 302ff
Voice “box,” 74ff
Walrus, see Odobenus rosmarus
Warble song, Melopsittacus undulates,
174
Water depth
cutoff frequencies, 34–35
sound transmission, 30
transmission loss, 27
Water mites, signal imitation, 262
Wavelength
constraints on signaling, 229–230
defined, 16
near and far field boundaries, 24–25
Wax moths, ultrasonic communication,
263
Weakfish, see Cynoscion regalis
Parus ssp. calls, 169ff
phylogenetic context, 207–208
Saguinus ssp., 196–197
Tursiops truncatus, 159ff
yellow-naped amazon parrot, 185ff
Vocal motor pathway (VMP), bird,
345–347, 349, 350–351
Vocal organs
effects of testosterone in birds, 286ff
hormonal modification in birds, 286
Vocal recognition
Aptenodytes forsteriis, 356
Aptenodytes patagonicus, 355–356
Callorhinus ursinus, 356
Crocuta crocuta, 356
European starling, 358ff
Halichoerus grypus, 356
intraspecific, 356ff
kin, 356
Loxodonta africana, 356
Macaca, 364
model, 354ff
Phyllostomus hastatus, 356
primate auditory cortex, 365–367
primate, 364ff
songbird, 356ff
strategies, 357–358
Vocal sacs, frogs and signaling, 228–
229
Vocal signals, perception, 354–355
Vocal tract, 79ff
bird, 79–80, 84, 90–91, 104–105
Canis familiaris, 104
cats, 89–90
dinosaur, 105
filtering, 82ff
frogs, 81–82
Grus, 91
human, 81, 104
length and body size, 103–104
Macaca mulatta, 104
mammal, 91–93
modifications, 90ff
proboscises, 93
similarities to wind instruments, 82,
83
sound production, 79ff
See also Vocal folds
Index
403
Vocalization
aggressive vocalizations and
hormones in birds, 299–300
and body size, 143
Bufo, 299
canary, 288, 289
categorization, 353–354
classification, 353–354
CNS control and hormones in birds,
286ff
conspecific, 352, 353–354
development and hormones, 301ff
development in frogs, 302ff
effects of oxytocin in rodents, 295
energy source, 73ff
feature detection, 333
fish, 296–298
hormonal effects, 284ff
hormone effects in frogs, 291ff
plasticity, 351–352
Porichthys, 46ff
primate, 120ff
Rana, 299
selectivity for conspecifics, 341–342
sex differences size dimorphism, 143
sexual dimorphism in fish, 306–307
sexual dimorphism, 301ff
song bird, 288
Taeniopygia guttata, 288
Tursiops truncatus social behavior,
159ff
Xenopus laevis, 298–299, 302ff
Voice “box,” 74ff
Walrus, see Odobenus rosmarus
Warble song, Melopsittacus undulates,
174
Water depth
cutoff frequencies, 34–35
sound transmission, 30
transmission loss, 27
Water mites, signal imitation, 262
Wavelength
constraints on signaling, 229–230
defined, 16
near and far field boundaries, 24–25
Wax moths, ultrasonic communication,
263
Weakfish, see Cynoscion regalis