N
TABLE
5.2. Continued
w
0
Type of Signal and Characteristics
Species
Captive or Wild
Behavioral Context
Reference
Barks «1 s, energy below 2 kHz
S. frontalis
Wild
Aggression
Herzing 1996
0
with frequency drop at end of
I. geoffrensis
Captive
NIA
Caldwell, Caldwell, and Evans 1966
r
signal)
S. plagiodon/T. truncatus
Captive
Aggression
Wood 1953
::t
(1l
Squeaks «2kHz, <.1 s)
T. truncatus
Captive
Alarm
Caldwell and Caldwell 1967
...
N
Thunks «2kHz, <.5s)
T. truncatus
Captive
Chase
McCowan and Reiss 1994
o'
(JQ
Gulps «300 Hz, <.2 s)
T. truncatus
Wild
Arousal
dos Santos et al. 1995
Low-frequency
narrow-band
T. truncatus
Wild
Socialize
Schultz et al. 1995
(<2
kHz, <.5 sec)
Trills (2-8 kHz, .03-.5 s)
T. truncatus
Wild
Foraging
Herzing 1996
Sounds >.1
s with most energy above 2
kHz, with varying repetition rates
Pulsed screams (to 25kHz, .5-lOs)
Squawks (.2-12kHz, .2-1s)
«6kHz, .5-1.4s)
Whimper (freq. descending, .3-1 s)
Whistle-squawks (4-18 kHz, >.1 s)
Yelps
(up to 6kHz, .2-1 s)
Rasps/mewing (NIA)
Screech (up to 6kHz, 1-2s)
0. orca
S. frontalis
T. truncatus
T. truncatus
I.
geoffrensis
T. truncatus
T. truncatus
S. frontalis
T. truncatus
T. truncatus
S. frontalis/To truncatus
T. truncatus
I. geoffrensis
Wild
Wild
Captive
Captive
Captive
Captive
Captive
Wild
Captive
Captive
Captive
Wild
Captive
Socialize
Aggression/sexual play
Fights/play
Fear
NIA
Distress
Contact
Excitement
Courtship
Sexual play
Feeding
Arousal
NIA
Ford and Fisher 1983
Herzing 1996
Caldwell and Caldwell 1967
Caldwell and Caldwell 1967
Caldwell, Caldwell, and Evans 1966
Caldwell and Caldwell 1967
Reiss 1988
Herzing 1996
Wood 1953
Caldwell and Caldwell 1967
Wood 1953
dos Santos et al. 1995
Caldwell, Caldwell, and Evans, 1966
Caldwell, Caldwell, and Evans 1966
Wood 1953
NIA
Explorations
Captive
Captive
I. geoffrensis
S. frontalis/To truncatus
Clicks (Broadband, short in duration, usually long sequences. Varying repetition
rates, some individually distinct, others with higher repetition rates have an
aural quality)
Grate/Rusty Hinges (Broadband,
<30 c1icks/s)