Bower SM (1985) Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in
juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): experimental transmission and natural infections in the Fraser river, British
Columbia. Can J Zool 63:1737–1740
Boyce NP (1979) Effects of Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda:
Pseudophyllidae) on the growth and vitality of sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka. Can J Zool 57:97–602
Boyce NP, Clarke WC (1983) Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda:
Pseudophyllidae) impairs salt water adaptation of migrant sockeye
yearlings (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Babine lake, British Columbia. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:821–824
Bravo S, Perroni M, Torres E, Silva MT (2006) Report of Caligus
rogercresseyi in the anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the
Rı ´o Gallegos Estuary, Argentina. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol
26:186–193
Bristow GA, Berland B (1991) The effect of long term, low level
Eubothrium sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidae) infection on growth of
farmed salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 98:325–330
Bruno DW, Stone J (1990) The role of saithe, Pollachius virens L., as a
host for the sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus
elongatus. Aquaculture 89:201–207
Bruno DW, McVicar AH, Waddell IF (1988) Natural infection of
farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., parr by glochidia of the
freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera L. Bull Eur
Assoc Fish Pathol 8:23–26
Bruno DW, Collins CM, Cunningham CO, Mackenzie K (2001)
Gyrodactyloides bychowskii (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from
sea-caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland: occurrence
and ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. Dis Aquat Org 45:191–196
Bullock WL (1963) Intestinal histology of some salmonid fishes with
particular reference to the histopathology of acanthocephalan
infections. J Morphol 112:23–44
Campbell AD (1971) The occurrence of Argulus (Crustacea:
Branchiura) in Scotland. J Fish Biol 3:145–146
Chappell LH, Hardie LJ, Secombes CJ (1994) Diplostomiasis: the
disease and host-parasite interactions. In: Pike AW, Lewis JW
(eds) Parasitic diseases of fish. Samara Publishing, Dyfed,
pp 59–86
Clifton-Hadley RS, Bucke D, Richards RH (1984) Proliferative kidney
disease of salmonid fish: a review. J Fish Dis 7:363–377
Fast MD, Ross NW, Mustafa A, Sims DE, Johnson SC, Conboy GA,
Speare DJ, Johnson G, Burka JF (2002) Susceptibility of rainbow
trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and coho
salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch to experimental infection with sea
lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Dis Aquat Org 52:57–68
Freeman MA, Sommerville C (2009) Desmozoon lepeophtheiri n. sp.,
(Microsporidia: Enterocytozoonidae) infecting the salmon louse
Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae). Parasite Vectors 2:58
Freeman MA, Bell AS, Sommerville C (2003) A hyperparasitic
microsporidean infecting the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus
salmonis, an rDNA-based molecular phylogenetic study. J Fish
Dis 26:667–676
Garnick E, Margolis L (1990) Influence of four species of helminth
parasites on orientation of seaward migrating sockeye salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:2380–2389
Gilbert MA, Granath WO (2003) Whirling disease of salmonid fish: life
cycle, biology, and disease. J Parasitol 89:658–667
Gonza ´les L, Carvajal J, George-Nascimento M (2000) Differential
infectivity of Caligus flexispina (Copepoda, Caligidae) in three
farmed salmonids in Chile. Aquaculture 183:13–23
Hallett SL, Ray RA, Hurst CN, Holt RA, Buckles GR, Stephen D,
Atkinson SD, Bartholomew JL (2012) Density of the waterborne
parasite Ceratomyxa shasta and its biological effects on salmon.
Appl Environ Microbiol 78:3724–3731
Harrod C, Griffiths D (2005) Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Digena:
Strigeidae): factors affecting infection intensity and the effects of
infection on powan (Coregonus autumnalis); a glacial relict fish.
Parasitology 131:511–519
Higgins MJ, Margolis L, Kent ML (1993) Arrested development in a
freshwater Myxosporean, Myxidium salvelini, following transfer of
its host, the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), to salt water.
J Parasitol 79:403–407
Hoffman GL (1990) Myxobolus cerebralis, a worldwide cause of
salmonid whirling disease. J Aquat Anim Health 2:30–37
Hoffman RW, El-Matbouli M (1994) Proliferative kidney disease
(PKD) as an important myxosporean infection in salmonid fish.
In: Pike AW, Lewis JW (eds) Parasitic diseases of fish. Samara
Publishing, Dyfed, pp 3–15
Hoffmann R, Kennedy CR, Meder J (1986) Effects of Eubothrium
salvelini Schrank, 1790 on Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), in
an alpine lake. J Fish Dis 9:153–157
Johnson SC, Albright LJ (1992) Comparative susceptibility and histopathology of the response of naive Atlantic, chinook and coho
salmon to experimental infection with Lepeophtheirus salmonis
(Copepoda: Caligidae). Dis Aquat Org 14:179–193
Johnson SC, Treasurer JW, Bravo S, Nagasawa K, Kabata Z (2004)
A review of the impact of parasitic copepods on marine aquaculture.
Zool Stud 43:8–19
Jones MW, Sommerville C, Bron J (1990) The histopathology
associated with the juvenile stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on
the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 13:303–310
Jones SRM, Prosperi-Porta G, Dawe SC, Barnes DP (2003) Distribution, prevalence and severity of Parvicapsula minibicornis
infections among anadromous salmonids in the Fraser River, British
Columbia, Canada. Dis Aquat Org 54:49–54
Jones SRM, Prosperi-Porta G, Kim E (2012) The diversity of
Microsporidia in parasitic copepods (Caligidae: Siphonostomatoida) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean with description of
Facilispora margolisi n. g., n. sp. and a new family Facilisporidae
n. fam. J Eukaryot Microbiol 59:26–217
Jørgensen A, Nylund A, Nikolaisen V, Alexandersen S, Karlsbakk E
(2011) Real-time PCR detection of Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola
(Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in wild salmonids in Norway. J Fish Dis
34:365–371
Karlsbakk E, Saether PA, Høstlund C, Fjellsoy KR, Nylund A
(2002) Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola n. sp. (Myxozoa),
a myxosporidian infecting the pseudobranch of cultured Atlantic
salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol
22:381–387
Karna DW, Millemann RE (1978) Glochidiosis of salmonid fishes. III.
Comparative susceptibility to natural infection with Margaritifera
margaritifera (L.) (Pelecypoda: Margaritanidae) and associated
histopathology. J Parasitol 64:528–537
Ko RC, Anderson RC (1979) A revision of the genus Cystidicola
Fischer, 1798 (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) of the swim bladder of
fishes. J Fish Res Board Can 26:849–864
Lom J, Dykova I (2006) Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on
taxonomy, life cycle terminology and pathogenic species. Folia
Parasitol 53:1–36
Lyndon AR (2001) Low intensity infestation with the heartfluke
Apatemon gracilis does not affect short-term growth performance
in rainbow trout. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 21:263–265
Mackinnon BM (1993) Host response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
to infection by sea lice (Caligus elongatus). Can J Fish Aquat Sci
50:789–792
Meyers TR, Millemann RE, Fustish CA (1980) Glochidiosis of salmonid fishes. IV. Humoral and tissue response of coho and chinook
salmon to experimental infection with Margaritifera margaritifera
(L.) (Pelecypoda: Margaritanidae). J Parasitol 66:274–281
Mo TA (1994) Status of Gyrodactylus salaris problems and research in
Norway. In: Pike AW, Lewis JW (eds) Parasitic diseases of fish.
Samara Publishing, Dyfed, pp 43–56
Further Reading
149
juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): experimental transmission and natural infections in the Fraser river, British
Columbia. Can J Zool 63:1737–1740
Boyce NP (1979) Effects of Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda:
Pseudophyllidae) on the growth and vitality of sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka. Can J Zool 57:97–602
Boyce NP, Clarke WC (1983) Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda:
Pseudophyllidae) impairs salt water adaptation of migrant sockeye
yearlings (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Babine lake, British Columbia. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:821–824
Bravo S, Perroni M, Torres E, Silva MT (2006) Report of Caligus
rogercresseyi in the anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the
Rı ´o Gallegos Estuary, Argentina. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol
26:186–193
Bristow GA, Berland B (1991) The effect of long term, low level
Eubothrium sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidae) infection on growth of
farmed salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 98:325–330
Bruno DW, Stone J (1990) The role of saithe, Pollachius virens L., as a
host for the sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus
elongatus. Aquaculture 89:201–207
Bruno DW, McVicar AH, Waddell IF (1988) Natural infection of
farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., parr by glochidia of the
freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera L. Bull Eur
Assoc Fish Pathol 8:23–26
Bruno DW, Collins CM, Cunningham CO, Mackenzie K (2001)
Gyrodactyloides bychowskii (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from
sea-caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland: occurrence
and ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. Dis Aquat Org 45:191–196
Bullock WL (1963) Intestinal histology of some salmonid fishes with
particular reference to the histopathology of acanthocephalan
infections. J Morphol 112:23–44
Campbell AD (1971) The occurrence of Argulus (Crustacea:
Branchiura) in Scotland. J Fish Biol 3:145–146
Chappell LH, Hardie LJ, Secombes CJ (1994) Diplostomiasis: the
disease and host-parasite interactions. In: Pike AW, Lewis JW
(eds) Parasitic diseases of fish. Samara Publishing, Dyfed,
pp 59–86
Clifton-Hadley RS, Bucke D, Richards RH (1984) Proliferative kidney
disease of salmonid fish: a review. J Fish Dis 7:363–377
Fast MD, Ross NW, Mustafa A, Sims DE, Johnson SC, Conboy GA,
Speare DJ, Johnson G, Burka JF (2002) Susceptibility of rainbow
trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and coho
salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch to experimental infection with sea
lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Dis Aquat Org 52:57–68
Freeman MA, Sommerville C (2009) Desmozoon lepeophtheiri n. sp.,
(Microsporidia: Enterocytozoonidae) infecting the salmon louse
Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae). Parasite Vectors 2:58
Freeman MA, Bell AS, Sommerville C (2003) A hyperparasitic
microsporidean infecting the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus
salmonis, an rDNA-based molecular phylogenetic study. J Fish
Dis 26:667–676
Garnick E, Margolis L (1990) Influence of four species of helminth
parasites on orientation of seaward migrating sockeye salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:2380–2389
Gilbert MA, Granath WO (2003) Whirling disease of salmonid fish: life
cycle, biology, and disease. J Parasitol 89:658–667
Gonza ´les L, Carvajal J, George-Nascimento M (2000) Differential
infectivity of Caligus flexispina (Copepoda, Caligidae) in three
farmed salmonids in Chile. Aquaculture 183:13–23
Hallett SL, Ray RA, Hurst CN, Holt RA, Buckles GR, Stephen D,
Atkinson SD, Bartholomew JL (2012) Density of the waterborne
parasite Ceratomyxa shasta and its biological effects on salmon.
Appl Environ Microbiol 78:3724–3731
Harrod C, Griffiths D (2005) Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Digena:
Strigeidae): factors affecting infection intensity and the effects of
infection on powan (Coregonus autumnalis); a glacial relict fish.
Parasitology 131:511–519
Higgins MJ, Margolis L, Kent ML (1993) Arrested development in a
freshwater Myxosporean, Myxidium salvelini, following transfer of
its host, the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), to salt water.
J Parasitol 79:403–407
Hoffman GL (1990) Myxobolus cerebralis, a worldwide cause of
salmonid whirling disease. J Aquat Anim Health 2:30–37
Hoffman RW, El-Matbouli M (1994) Proliferative kidney disease
(PKD) as an important myxosporean infection in salmonid fish.
In: Pike AW, Lewis JW (eds) Parasitic diseases of fish. Samara
Publishing, Dyfed, pp 3–15
Hoffmann R, Kennedy CR, Meder J (1986) Effects of Eubothrium
salvelini Schrank, 1790 on Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), in
an alpine lake. J Fish Dis 9:153–157
Johnson SC, Albright LJ (1992) Comparative susceptibility and histopathology of the response of naive Atlantic, chinook and coho
salmon to experimental infection with Lepeophtheirus salmonis
(Copepoda: Caligidae). Dis Aquat Org 14:179–193
Johnson SC, Treasurer JW, Bravo S, Nagasawa K, Kabata Z (2004)
A review of the impact of parasitic copepods on marine aquaculture.
Zool Stud 43:8–19
Jones MW, Sommerville C, Bron J (1990) The histopathology
associated with the juvenile stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on
the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 13:303–310
Jones SRM, Prosperi-Porta G, Dawe SC, Barnes DP (2003) Distribution, prevalence and severity of Parvicapsula minibicornis
infections among anadromous salmonids in the Fraser River, British
Columbia, Canada. Dis Aquat Org 54:49–54
Jones SRM, Prosperi-Porta G, Kim E (2012) The diversity of
Microsporidia in parasitic copepods (Caligidae: Siphonostomatoida) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean with description of
Facilispora margolisi n. g., n. sp. and a new family Facilisporidae
n. fam. J Eukaryot Microbiol 59:26–217
Jørgensen A, Nylund A, Nikolaisen V, Alexandersen S, Karlsbakk E
(2011) Real-time PCR detection of Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola
(Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in wild salmonids in Norway. J Fish Dis
34:365–371
Karlsbakk E, Saether PA, Høstlund C, Fjellsoy KR, Nylund A
(2002) Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola n. sp. (Myxozoa),
a myxosporidian infecting the pseudobranch of cultured Atlantic
salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol
22:381–387
Karna DW, Millemann RE (1978) Glochidiosis of salmonid fishes. III.
Comparative susceptibility to natural infection with Margaritifera
margaritifera (L.) (Pelecypoda: Margaritanidae) and associated
histopathology. J Parasitol 64:528–537
Ko RC, Anderson RC (1979) A revision of the genus Cystidicola
Fischer, 1798 (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) of the swim bladder of
fishes. J Fish Res Board Can 26:849–864
Lom J, Dykova I (2006) Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on
taxonomy, life cycle terminology and pathogenic species. Folia
Parasitol 53:1–36
Lyndon AR (2001) Low intensity infestation with the heartfluke
Apatemon gracilis does not affect short-term growth performance
in rainbow trout. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 21:263–265
Mackinnon BM (1993) Host response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
to infection by sea lice (Caligus elongatus). Can J Fish Aquat Sci
50:789–792
Meyers TR, Millemann RE, Fustish CA (1980) Glochidiosis of salmonid fishes. IV. Humoral and tissue response of coho and chinook
salmon to experimental infection with Margaritifera margaritifera
(L.) (Pelecypoda: Margaritanidae). J Parasitol 66:274–281
Mo TA (1994) Status of Gyrodactylus salaris problems and research in
Norway. In: Pike AW, Lewis JW (eds) Parasitic diseases of fish.
Samara Publishing, Dyfed, pp 43–56
Further Reading
149