Mo TA, Poppe TT, Vik G, Valheim M (1992) Occurrence of
Myxobolus aeglefini in salt-water reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo
salar). Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 12:104–106
Mo TA, Senos MR, Hansen H, Poppe TT (2010) Red vent syndrome
associated with Anisakis simplex diagnosed in Norway. Bull Eur
Assoc Fish Pathol 30:197–201
Nesnidal MP, Helmkampf M, Bruchhaus T, El-Matbouli M, Hausdorf
B (2013) Agent of whirling disease meets orphan worm:
Phylogenomic analyses firmly place Myxozoa in Cnidaria. PLoS
One 8(1):e54576. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054576
Nezlin LP, Cunjak RA, Zotin AA, Ziuganov VV (1994) Glochidium
morphology of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera
margaritifera) and glochidiosis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar):
a study by scanning electron microscopy. Can J Zool 72:15–21
Noguera P, Collins C, Bruno D, Pert C, Turnbull A, McIntosh A, Lester
K, Bricknell I, Wallace S, Cook P (2009) Anisakis simplex sensu
stricto (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in red vent syndrome affected wild
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland. Dis Aquat Org
87:199–215
Nowak BF, Hayward CJ, Gonza ´lez L, Bott NJ, Lester RJG (2011) Sea lice
infections of salmonids farmed in Australia. Aquaculture 320:171–177
Nylund A, Karlsbakk E, Sæther PA, Koren C, Larsen T, Nielsen BD,
Brøderup AE, Høstlund C, Fjellsøy KR, Leirvik K, Rosnes L (2005)
Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola (Myxosporea) in farmed Atlantic
salmon Salmo salar; tissue distribution, diagnosis and phylogeny.
Dis Aquat Org 63:197–204
Nylund S, Andersen L, Sævareid I, Plarre H, Watanabe K, Arnesen CE,
Karlsbakk E, Nylund A (2011) Diseases of farmed Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar associated with infections by the microsporidian
Paranucleospora theridion. Dis Aquat Org 41:41–57
O ¨ xer A, Wootten R (2000) The life cycle of Sphaerospora truttae
(Myxozoa: Myxosporea) and some features of the biology of both
the actinosporean and myxosporean stages. Dis Aquat Org 40:33–39
Pettersen RA, Hytterød S, Vøllestad LA, Mo TA (2013) Osmoregulatory disturbances in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., caused by the
monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris. J Fish Dis 36:67–70
Rahkonen R, Aalto J, Koski P, Sa ¨rkka ¨ J, Juntunen K (1996) Cestode
larvae Diphyllobothrium dendriticum as a cause of heart disease
leading to mortality in hatchery-reared sea and brown trout. Dis
Aquat Org 25:15–22
Ramakrishna NR, Burt MDB (1991) Tissue response of fish to invasion
by larval Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda; Ascaridoidea).
Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48:1623–1628
Rand TG, Cone DG (1990) Effects of Ichthyophonus hoferi on condition indices and blood chemistry of experimentally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Wildl Dis 26:323–328
Ratanarat-Brockelman C (1974) Migration of Diplostomum
spathaceum (trematoda) in the fish intermediate host. Parasitol
Res 43:123–134
Roberts RJ, Johnson KA, Casten MT (2004) Control of Salmincola
californiensis (Copepoda: Lernaeapodidae) in rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): a clinical and histopathological
study. J Fish Dis 27:73–79
Rodger HD (1991) Diphyllobothrium sp. infections in freshwaterreared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 95:7–14
Rubio-Godoy M, Tinsley RC (2008) Recruitment and effects of
Discocotyle sagittata (Monogenea) infection on farmed trout.
Aquaculture 274:15–23
Saksida SM, Marty GD, Jones SRM, Manchester HA, Diamond CL,
Bidulka J, St-Hilaire S (2012) Parasites and hepatic lesions among
pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum), during early
salt water residence. J Fish Dis 35:137–151
Sharp GJE, Pike AW, Secombes CJ (1992) Sequential development of
the immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss
(Walbaum, 1792)) to experimental plerocercoid infections of
Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1924). Parasitology
104:169–178
Shulman BS, Ieshko EP (2003) Chloromyxum schurovi sp. n. – a new
myxosporidian species (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) of
salmonids (Salmonidae). Parasitology 37:246–247 (in Russian)
Sterud E, Forseth T, Ugedal O, Poppe TT, Jørgensen A, Bruheim T,
Fjeldstad H-P, Mo TA (2007) Severe mortality in wild Atlantic
salmon Salmo salar due to proliferative kidney disease (PKD)
caused by Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa). Dis Aquat
Org 77:91–198
Tort L, Watson JJ, Priede IG (1987) Changes in in vitro heart performance in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, infected with
Apatemon gracilis (Digenea). J Fish Biol 30:341–347
True K, Purcell M, Foott JS (2009) Development and validation of a
quantitative PCR to detect Parvicapsula minibicornis and comparison to histologically ranked infection of juvenile Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), from the Klamath River,
USA. J Fish Dis 32:183–192
Watson JJ, Pike AW, Priede IG (1992) Cardiac pathology associated
with the infection of Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum with
Apatemon gracilis Rud.1819. J Fish Biol 41:163–167
Weiland KA, Meyers TR (1991) Histopathology of Diphyllobothrium
ditremum plerocercoids in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Dis
Aquat Org 6:175–178
Whitaker DJ, Kent ML (1991) Myxosporean Kudoa thyrsites: a cause
of soft flesh in farm-reared Atlantic salmon. J Aquat Anim Health
3:291–294
150
9 Metazoa
Myxobolus aeglefini in salt-water reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo
salar). Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 12:104–106
Mo TA, Senos MR, Hansen H, Poppe TT (2010) Red vent syndrome
associated with Anisakis simplex diagnosed in Norway. Bull Eur
Assoc Fish Pathol 30:197–201
Nesnidal MP, Helmkampf M, Bruchhaus T, El-Matbouli M, Hausdorf
B (2013) Agent of whirling disease meets orphan worm:
Phylogenomic analyses firmly place Myxozoa in Cnidaria. PLoS
One 8(1):e54576. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054576
Nezlin LP, Cunjak RA, Zotin AA, Ziuganov VV (1994) Glochidium
morphology of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera
margaritifera) and glochidiosis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar):
a study by scanning electron microscopy. Can J Zool 72:15–21
Noguera P, Collins C, Bruno D, Pert C, Turnbull A, McIntosh A, Lester
K, Bricknell I, Wallace S, Cook P (2009) Anisakis simplex sensu
stricto (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in red vent syndrome affected wild
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland. Dis Aquat Org
87:199–215
Nowak BF, Hayward CJ, Gonza ´lez L, Bott NJ, Lester RJG (2011) Sea lice
infections of salmonids farmed in Australia. Aquaculture 320:171–177
Nylund A, Karlsbakk E, Sæther PA, Koren C, Larsen T, Nielsen BD,
Brøderup AE, Høstlund C, Fjellsøy KR, Leirvik K, Rosnes L (2005)
Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola (Myxosporea) in farmed Atlantic
salmon Salmo salar; tissue distribution, diagnosis and phylogeny.
Dis Aquat Org 63:197–204
Nylund S, Andersen L, Sævareid I, Plarre H, Watanabe K, Arnesen CE,
Karlsbakk E, Nylund A (2011) Diseases of farmed Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar associated with infections by the microsporidian
Paranucleospora theridion. Dis Aquat Org 41:41–57
O ¨ xer A, Wootten R (2000) The life cycle of Sphaerospora truttae
(Myxozoa: Myxosporea) and some features of the biology of both
the actinosporean and myxosporean stages. Dis Aquat Org 40:33–39
Pettersen RA, Hytterød S, Vøllestad LA, Mo TA (2013) Osmoregulatory disturbances in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., caused by the
monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris. J Fish Dis 36:67–70
Rahkonen R, Aalto J, Koski P, Sa ¨rkka ¨ J, Juntunen K (1996) Cestode
larvae Diphyllobothrium dendriticum as a cause of heart disease
leading to mortality in hatchery-reared sea and brown trout. Dis
Aquat Org 25:15–22
Ramakrishna NR, Burt MDB (1991) Tissue response of fish to invasion
by larval Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda; Ascaridoidea).
Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48:1623–1628
Rand TG, Cone DG (1990) Effects of Ichthyophonus hoferi on condition indices and blood chemistry of experimentally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Wildl Dis 26:323–328
Ratanarat-Brockelman C (1974) Migration of Diplostomum
spathaceum (trematoda) in the fish intermediate host. Parasitol
Res 43:123–134
Roberts RJ, Johnson KA, Casten MT (2004) Control of Salmincola
californiensis (Copepoda: Lernaeapodidae) in rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): a clinical and histopathological
study. J Fish Dis 27:73–79
Rodger HD (1991) Diphyllobothrium sp. infections in freshwaterreared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 95:7–14
Rubio-Godoy M, Tinsley RC (2008) Recruitment and effects of
Discocotyle sagittata (Monogenea) infection on farmed trout.
Aquaculture 274:15–23
Saksida SM, Marty GD, Jones SRM, Manchester HA, Diamond CL,
Bidulka J, St-Hilaire S (2012) Parasites and hepatic lesions among
pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum), during early
salt water residence. J Fish Dis 35:137–151
Sharp GJE, Pike AW, Secombes CJ (1992) Sequential development of
the immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss
(Walbaum, 1792)) to experimental plerocercoid infections of
Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1924). Parasitology
104:169–178
Shulman BS, Ieshko EP (2003) Chloromyxum schurovi sp. n. – a new
myxosporidian species (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) of
salmonids (Salmonidae). Parasitology 37:246–247 (in Russian)
Sterud E, Forseth T, Ugedal O, Poppe TT, Jørgensen A, Bruheim T,
Fjeldstad H-P, Mo TA (2007) Severe mortality in wild Atlantic
salmon Salmo salar due to proliferative kidney disease (PKD)
caused by Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa). Dis Aquat
Org 77:91–198
Tort L, Watson JJ, Priede IG (1987) Changes in in vitro heart performance in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, infected with
Apatemon gracilis (Digenea). J Fish Biol 30:341–347
True K, Purcell M, Foott JS (2009) Development and validation of a
quantitative PCR to detect Parvicapsula minibicornis and comparison to histologically ranked infection of juvenile Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), from the Klamath River,
USA. J Fish Dis 32:183–192
Watson JJ, Pike AW, Priede IG (1992) Cardiac pathology associated
with the infection of Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum with
Apatemon gracilis Rud.1819. J Fish Biol 41:163–167
Weiland KA, Meyers TR (1991) Histopathology of Diphyllobothrium
ditremum plerocercoids in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Dis
Aquat Org 6:175–178
Whitaker DJ, Kent ML (1991) Myxosporean Kudoa thyrsites: a cause
of soft flesh in farm-reared Atlantic salmon. J Aquat Anim Health
3:291–294
150
9 Metazoa