6a Scales present (though may be embedded) on lower
jaw anterior to preopercle; V black; a broad black
bar encircling body posteriorly ........................... [B. macrourusJ
6b Scales absent on lower jaw anterior to preopercle;
V pale; no black bar posteriorly on body of adults
(but present on juveniles) .. ............ ............ ................ ......... 7
7a Juveniles with a broad black bar encircling
posterior part of body and extending into D and A;
adults with a large oval black spot dorsoposteriorly
on body below rear base of D and broadly onto C
peduncle, but not extending into fin (spot may be
obsolete in terminal males); no whitish bar on body
and base of D ................................................... B. bilunulatus
7b Juveniles with a black spot (preceded by a whitish
bar) covering most of soft portion of D and
extending broadly onto side of body (but not onto
C peduncle), black spot and whitish bar regress in
subadults, the white becoming a short pale yellowish
bar or spot and the black diffuse (pigment mainly on
edges of scales) on back .......................................... B. perditio
8a Head obtuse, the dorsal profile of snout greater than
45°; C of adults deeply emarginate, of juveniles, lunate;
head and anterior body reddish brown, shading to
whitish posteriorly with scattered blackish spots; upper
and lower edges of C blackish ............................... B. anthioides
8b Head pointed, the dorsal profile of snout less than 45°;
C truncate to slightly rounded; colour not as in 8a .................... 9
9a Two prominent black spots on D and 1 on A; no
longitudinal red or blackish lines on body;
juveniles and initial phase dark brown to black with
9 large white spots on head and body ......................... B. axillaris
9b No black spots on D or A; 4 or 5 longitudinal red
or blackish lines or broken lines on body ............... B. leucostictus
220.5 Bodianus anthioides
(Bennett, 1830)
PLATE 93
Lyretail hogfish
Lierstert-varkvis
Crenilabrus Anthiofdes Bennett, 1830: 167 (Mauritius). Lepidaplois
anthioides: Smith, 1953: 520, No. 774a*; 1957: 101. Bodianus antliioides:
Randall, 1980: 111.
D XII,90r 10; A III,1O-12; P 15-17; total GR 16; LL30-31; LLagradual
curve (true of other Bodianus); scales dorsally on head extending anterior
to nostrils; preopercular margin coarsely serrate; snout short; 2 prominent
canines anteriorly on each side of jaws and 1 or 2 posteriorly on upper jaw
(true of other Bodianus); C deeply emarginate (large and lunate in
juveniles). Orange-brown anteriorly, white with dark markings posteriorly.
Attains 21 cm. Indo-Pacific, Red Sea south to Sodwana
Bay; rare at most localities.
220.6 Bodianus axil/aris
(Bennett, 1831)
PLATES 89 & 93
Turncoat hogfish
Weerhaan-varkvis
Labrus axil/aris Bennett, 1831: 166 (Mauritius). Cossyphus octomaculatus Sauvage, 1891: 454 (Mauritius). Lepidaplois axil/aris: Smith, SFSA
220: LABRIDAE (WRASSES)
No. 775*; 1957: 101*. Lepidaplois albomaculatus Smith, 1957: 101* (on
Pike's illustration, Mauritius). Bodianus axillaris: Smith, 1980: 181; Randall, 1983: 110.
D XII,lO; A III,12-13 (usually 12); P 15-17; LL 29-30 (rarely 29); total
GR 15-18; scales dorsally on head extending in front of nostrils; scales on
cheek reach below nostrils; basal scaly sheath of D and A 2V2 to 3 scales in
height; V usually reaching or nearly reaching anus; C truncate (slightly
rounded in small juveniles). Juveniles and initial stage dark brown to
black with 9 large white spots (1 at front of head, 3 dorsally and 3 ventrally
on body and 2 at C base). A small black spot also present anteriorly on D.
Terminal males lose the white spots; they are reddish brown on head and
anteriorly on body, becoming whitish posteriorly.
Attains 20 cm. Indo-Pacific, south on east African coast
to Natal. Juveniles are cave-dwellers and have been seen
"cleaning" other fishes. In the Pacific, the dark, whitespotted phase appears to be confined to the juvenile stage.
220.6 Bodianus axillaris: to show juvenile to adult livery: 0.6 em; 1.8 em (both
Natal); adult: 12.5 em female (N. Mozambique).
220.7 Bodianus bilunulatus
(Lacepede, 1801)
PLATES 89 & 94
Saddleback hogfish
Saalrug-varkvis
Labrus bilunulatus Lacepede, 1801: 454, PI. 31, Fig. 2 (Indian Ocean).
Cossyphus albo-taeniatus Valenciennes, in Cuv. & Val., 1839: 141
(Hawaiian Ids.). Lepidaplois hirsutus (non Lacepede): Smith, SFSA No.
773*. Bodianus bilunulatus: Smith, 1980181; van der Elst, 1981: 187*.
D XII,lO; A III,12-13 (usually 12); P 16-17 (usually 16); LL30-32; total
GR 17-21; scales dorsally on head forward to rear edge of eyes; scales on
cheek reaching slightly anterior to corner of mouth; scales on interopercle
not extending anterior to preopercle; basal scaly sheath of D and A usually 2V2 to 3 scales in height; V nearly reaching or just reaching anus
(sometimes extending slightly beyond). C of juveniles truncate, of adults
emarginate to double emarginate, with lobes moderately produced in
large individuals. Adults red dorsally, the centres of scales whitish, shading to white ventrally with a large, oblong, black spot below rear base of D
and extending onto C peduncles, a large whitish band on cheek bordered
above and below by purplish red; a black spot on 2nd D membrane;
juveniles with a broad blackish bar around posterior part of body and
extending onto D and A.
687
jaw anterior to preopercle; V black; a broad black
bar encircling body posteriorly ........................... [B. macrourusJ
6b Scales absent on lower jaw anterior to preopercle;
V pale; no black bar posteriorly on body of adults
(but present on juveniles) .. ............ ............ ................ ......... 7
7a Juveniles with a broad black bar encircling
posterior part of body and extending into D and A;
adults with a large oval black spot dorsoposteriorly
on body below rear base of D and broadly onto C
peduncle, but not extending into fin (spot may be
obsolete in terminal males); no whitish bar on body
and base of D ................................................... B. bilunulatus
7b Juveniles with a black spot (preceded by a whitish
bar) covering most of soft portion of D and
extending broadly onto side of body (but not onto
C peduncle), black spot and whitish bar regress in
subadults, the white becoming a short pale yellowish
bar or spot and the black diffuse (pigment mainly on
edges of scales) on back .......................................... B. perditio
8a Head obtuse, the dorsal profile of snout greater than
45°; C of adults deeply emarginate, of juveniles, lunate;
head and anterior body reddish brown, shading to
whitish posteriorly with scattered blackish spots; upper
and lower edges of C blackish ............................... B. anthioides
8b Head pointed, the dorsal profile of snout less than 45°;
C truncate to slightly rounded; colour not as in 8a .................... 9
9a Two prominent black spots on D and 1 on A; no
longitudinal red or blackish lines on body;
juveniles and initial phase dark brown to black with
9 large white spots on head and body ......................... B. axillaris
9b No black spots on D or A; 4 or 5 longitudinal red
or blackish lines or broken lines on body ............... B. leucostictus
220.5 Bodianus anthioides
(Bennett, 1830)
PLATE 93
Lyretail hogfish
Lierstert-varkvis
Crenilabrus Anthiofdes Bennett, 1830: 167 (Mauritius). Lepidaplois
anthioides: Smith, 1953: 520, No. 774a*; 1957: 101. Bodianus antliioides:
Randall, 1980: 111.
D XII,90r 10; A III,1O-12; P 15-17; total GR 16; LL30-31; LLagradual
curve (true of other Bodianus); scales dorsally on head extending anterior
to nostrils; preopercular margin coarsely serrate; snout short; 2 prominent
canines anteriorly on each side of jaws and 1 or 2 posteriorly on upper jaw
(true of other Bodianus); C deeply emarginate (large and lunate in
juveniles). Orange-brown anteriorly, white with dark markings posteriorly.
Attains 21 cm. Indo-Pacific, Red Sea south to Sodwana
Bay; rare at most localities.
220.6 Bodianus axil/aris
(Bennett, 1831)
PLATES 89 & 93
Turncoat hogfish
Weerhaan-varkvis
Labrus axil/aris Bennett, 1831: 166 (Mauritius). Cossyphus octomaculatus Sauvage, 1891: 454 (Mauritius). Lepidaplois axil/aris: Smith, SFSA
220: LABRIDAE (WRASSES)
No. 775*; 1957: 101*. Lepidaplois albomaculatus Smith, 1957: 101* (on
Pike's illustration, Mauritius). Bodianus axillaris: Smith, 1980: 181; Randall, 1983: 110.
D XII,lO; A III,12-13 (usually 12); P 15-17; LL 29-30 (rarely 29); total
GR 15-18; scales dorsally on head extending in front of nostrils; scales on
cheek reach below nostrils; basal scaly sheath of D and A 2V2 to 3 scales in
height; V usually reaching or nearly reaching anus; C truncate (slightly
rounded in small juveniles). Juveniles and initial stage dark brown to
black with 9 large white spots (1 at front of head, 3 dorsally and 3 ventrally
on body and 2 at C base). A small black spot also present anteriorly on D.
Terminal males lose the white spots; they are reddish brown on head and
anteriorly on body, becoming whitish posteriorly.
Attains 20 cm. Indo-Pacific, south on east African coast
to Natal. Juveniles are cave-dwellers and have been seen
"cleaning" other fishes. In the Pacific, the dark, whitespotted phase appears to be confined to the juvenile stage.
220.6 Bodianus axillaris: to show juvenile to adult livery: 0.6 em; 1.8 em (both
Natal); adult: 12.5 em female (N. Mozambique).
220.7 Bodianus bilunulatus
(Lacepede, 1801)
PLATES 89 & 94
Saddleback hogfish
Saalrug-varkvis
Labrus bilunulatus Lacepede, 1801: 454, PI. 31, Fig. 2 (Indian Ocean).
Cossyphus albo-taeniatus Valenciennes, in Cuv. & Val., 1839: 141
(Hawaiian Ids.). Lepidaplois hirsutus (non Lacepede): Smith, SFSA No.
773*. Bodianus bilunulatus: Smith, 1980181; van der Elst, 1981: 187*.
D XII,lO; A III,12-13 (usually 12); P 16-17 (usually 16); LL30-32; total
GR 17-21; scales dorsally on head forward to rear edge of eyes; scales on
cheek reaching slightly anterior to corner of mouth; scales on interopercle
not extending anterior to preopercle; basal scaly sheath of D and A usually 2V2 to 3 scales in height; V nearly reaching or just reaching anus
(sometimes extending slightly beyond). C of juveniles truncate, of adults
emarginate to double emarginate, with lobes moderately produced in
large individuals. Adults red dorsally, the centres of scales whitish, shading to white ventrally with a large, oblong, black spot below rear base of D
and extending onto C peduncles, a large whitish band on cheek bordered
above and below by purplish red; a black spot on 2nd D membrane;
juveniles with a broad blackish bar around posterior part of body and
extending onto D and A.
687