210: CARANGIDAE (KINGFISHES)
Adults brassy to yellowish green above, silvery below;
conspicuous pale spot on shoulder just behind posterodorsal margin of opercle; small black spots scattered on head
and body above LL (forming at about 30 cm and becoming
more numerous with age); upper C lobe uniformly dark,
lower lobe dusky to yellow with narrow white distal margin.
Attains 80 cm. Predominantly a seaward reef species,
although juveniles taken in estuaries; rare in offshore areas.
Port Alfred northward to Zanzibar, also Madagascar,
Mauritius, Seychelles and Sri Lanka; elsewhere Ryukyu
Ids. to Australia and eastward to Marquesas Ids.
210.20 Caranx papuensis: top: 39 em FL; bottom: 17.5 em holotype of C. ee/etus (Durban).
Blacktip kingfish
210.21 Caranx sem
Cuvier, 1833
PLATE 80
Swarttip-koningvis
Caranx sem Cuvier, in Cuv. & Val., 1833: 79 (Pondicherry, India); van
der Elst, 1981: 123*. Caranx williamsi Smith, 1968: 180, Pl. 38 (Durban).
D VIII+I,19-21; A 11+1,15-17; D+A 1,34-38; GR (6-8)+(17-19).
Straight LL with 30-40 strong scutes. Breast completely scaled (least common) to naked ventrally but typically with a patch of prepelvic scales.
210.21 Caranx sem: 55 em FL.
648
Adults dark bronze to yellow-green above, silvery bronze
to yellowish below; C bright yellow to dusky, frequently
with distal Yz of upper lobe noticeably darker to black; other
fins bright yellow to dusky without any yellow hue. Attains
at least 85 cm and 8 kg. Prefers open coastal waters; adults
usually in small aggregations over rocky reefs, seldom in
turbid or estuarine waters. Durban northward to Zanzibar,
also Madagascar and Sri Lanka, Okinawa to Australia and
Fiji Ids.
210.22 Caranx sexfasciatus
Quoy & Gaimard, 1825
PLATE 81
Bigeye kingfish
Grootoog-koningvis
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825: 358, Pl. 65, Fig. 4
(Waigeo, Indonesia); Smith, SFSA No. 511*; Smith & Smith, 1966: 125*;
van der Elst, 1981: 124*. Caranx torsteri: Smith & Smith, 1969: 22*.
D VIII+I,19-22; A 11+1,14-17; D+A 1,33-39; GR (6-8)+(15-19).
Straight LL with 27-36 strong scutes. Breast completely scaled.
Adults iridescent blue-green above, shading to silvery
white below; small blackish spot near upper end of opercle
(absent in young). Soft D lobe with white tip; C yellowish
to black; LL scutes dark to black. Attains 85 cm. A reefassociated species, but juveniles may occur in estuaries.
Widespread in tropical Indo-Pacific from Natal northward
and eastward to the Americas. The most abundant Caranx
species in our area.
210.22 Caranx sexfasciatus: 62 em FL.
Tille kingfish
210.23 Caranx tille
Cuvier, 1833
Tille-koningvis
Caranx tille Cuvier, in Cuv. & Val., 1833: 124 (Pondicherry, India).
D VIII+I,20-22; A 11+1,16-18; D+A 1,36-40; GR (6-8)+(15-17).
Straight LL with 33-42 strong scutes. Breast completely scaled.
Adults dark olive green to bluish grey above, shading to
silvery white below; blackish spot, at least Yz pupil diameter,
on upper end of opercle (absent in young). Soft D lobe olive
grey to blackish; LL scutes grey, except dark in C peduncle
region. Attains at least 80 cm. A coastal species preferring
Adults brassy to yellowish green above, silvery below;
conspicuous pale spot on shoulder just behind posterodorsal margin of opercle; small black spots scattered on head
and body above LL (forming at about 30 cm and becoming
more numerous with age); upper C lobe uniformly dark,
lower lobe dusky to yellow with narrow white distal margin.
Attains 80 cm. Predominantly a seaward reef species,
although juveniles taken in estuaries; rare in offshore areas.
Port Alfred northward to Zanzibar, also Madagascar,
Mauritius, Seychelles and Sri Lanka; elsewhere Ryukyu
Ids. to Australia and eastward to Marquesas Ids.
210.20 Caranx papuensis: top: 39 em FL; bottom: 17.5 em holotype of C. ee/etus (Durban).
Blacktip kingfish
210.21 Caranx sem
Cuvier, 1833
PLATE 80
Swarttip-koningvis
Caranx sem Cuvier, in Cuv. & Val., 1833: 79 (Pondicherry, India); van
der Elst, 1981: 123*. Caranx williamsi Smith, 1968: 180, Pl. 38 (Durban).
D VIII+I,19-21; A 11+1,15-17; D+A 1,34-38; GR (6-8)+(17-19).
Straight LL with 30-40 strong scutes. Breast completely scaled (least common) to naked ventrally but typically with a patch of prepelvic scales.
210.21 Caranx sem: 55 em FL.
648
Adults dark bronze to yellow-green above, silvery bronze
to yellowish below; C bright yellow to dusky, frequently
with distal Yz of upper lobe noticeably darker to black; other
fins bright yellow to dusky without any yellow hue. Attains
at least 85 cm and 8 kg. Prefers open coastal waters; adults
usually in small aggregations over rocky reefs, seldom in
turbid or estuarine waters. Durban northward to Zanzibar,
also Madagascar and Sri Lanka, Okinawa to Australia and
Fiji Ids.
210.22 Caranx sexfasciatus
Quoy & Gaimard, 1825
PLATE 81
Bigeye kingfish
Grootoog-koningvis
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825: 358, Pl. 65, Fig. 4
(Waigeo, Indonesia); Smith, SFSA No. 511*; Smith & Smith, 1966: 125*;
van der Elst, 1981: 124*. Caranx torsteri: Smith & Smith, 1969: 22*.
D VIII+I,19-22; A 11+1,14-17; D+A 1,33-39; GR (6-8)+(15-19).
Straight LL with 27-36 strong scutes. Breast completely scaled.
Adults iridescent blue-green above, shading to silvery
white below; small blackish spot near upper end of opercle
(absent in young). Soft D lobe with white tip; C yellowish
to black; LL scutes dark to black. Attains 85 cm. A reefassociated species, but juveniles may occur in estuaries.
Widespread in tropical Indo-Pacific from Natal northward
and eastward to the Americas. The most abundant Caranx
species in our area.
210.22 Caranx sexfasciatus: 62 em FL.
Tille kingfish
210.23 Caranx tille
Cuvier, 1833
Tille-koningvis
Caranx tille Cuvier, in Cuv. & Val., 1833: 124 (Pondicherry, India).
D VIII+I,20-22; A 11+1,16-18; D+A 1,36-40; GR (6-8)+(15-17).
Straight LL with 33-42 strong scutes. Breast completely scaled.
Adults dark olive green to bluish grey above, shading to
silvery white below; blackish spot, at least Yz pupil diameter,
on upper end of opercle (absent in young). Soft D lobe olive
grey to blackish; LL scutes grey, except dark in C peduncle
region. Attains at least 80 cm. A coastal species preferring