196: MULLIDAE (GOATFISHES)
golden on sides with faint longitudinal yellow band and lines
of dots on scales. Attains 28 cm; Indo-West Pacific, Red
Sea, south to the Transkei.
196.6 Parupeneus cyclostomus
(Lacepede, 1801)
PLATE 69
Goldsaddle goatfish
Goudsaal-bokvis
Mullus cycloslomus Lacepede, 1801: 383, 404, PI. 14, Fig. 3 (IndoPacific). Pseudupeneus cycloslomus: Smith, SFSA No. 570*.
Pseudupeneus luleus: Smith, 1961: 568, No. 5693. Parupeneus cyciostomus: Thomas, 1969: 65*. Parupeneus luteus: Thomas, 1969: 69*.
D VIII+l,8; A 1,6; LL 27-28; GR (6-7)+(21-24). Depth 3.3-3.5, head
2.9-3.1 in SL; snout 1.8-2.0, eye 6:2-6.9, interorbital 3.9-4.1, barbels
1.1-1.2, peduncle depth 2.6-2.9, peduncle length 1.4-1.5 in head.
Red, red-bluish or blue with a yellow saddle behind 2nd
D and often with blue streaks on head; occasionally uniformly yellow. Attains 48 cm. Indo-West Pacific, Red Sea,
southwards to Durban.
196.7 Parupeneus indicus
(Shaw, 1803)
PLATE 69
Indian goatfish
Indiese bokvis
Mullus indicus Shaw, 1803: 614 (India). Pseudupeneus indicus: Smith,
SFSA No. 567*; Thomas, 1969: 55*.
D VIII +l,8; A 1,6; LL 26-29; GR 6+(19-21). Depth 3.3-3.5, head
3.1-3.3 in SL; snout 1.9-2.2, eye 4.7-5.1, interorbital 3.7-4.0, barbels
1.3-1.5, peduncle depth 2.6-2.8, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head. In adults
head subequal to body depth. Barbels extend beyond preopercle.
Attains 32 cm. Indo-West Pacific to Port Alfred.
196.8 Parupeneus macronema
(Lacepede, 1801)
PLATE 69
Band-dot goatfish
Bandkol-bokvis
Mullus macronema Lacepede, 1801: 383, 404, PI. 13, Fig. 2 (IndoPacific). Pseudupeneus macron em a: Smith, SFSA No. 565*. Parupeneus
macron emus: Thomas, 1969: 51 *.
D VIII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 27-28; GR (8-9)+(26-29). Depth 2.9-3.2, head
2.9-3.2 in SL; snout 1.7-2.0, eye 4.8-5.3, interorbital 3.6-4.1, barbels
1.1-1.4, peduncle depth 2.5-3.0, peduncle length 1.3-1.5 in head. Last ray
of 2nd dorsal extending beyond C peduncle blotch in adults.
Attains 35 cm. Indian Ocean and Red Sea; south to Sodwana Bay.
612
196.9 Parupeneus pleurostigma
(Bennett, 1831)
PLATE 69
Blackspot goatfish
Swartkol-bokvis
Upeneus pleurostigma Bennett, 1831: 59 (Mauritius). Pseudupeneus
pleurostigma: Smith, SFSA No. 568*.
D VIII + 1,8; A 1,6; LL 27-29; GR (6-7)+ (22-23). Depth 3.5-3.7, head
2.9-3.2 in SL; snout 1.9-2.1, eye 4.8-5.1, interorbital 3.3-3.6, barbels
1.5-1.7, peduncle depth 3.0-3.3, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head. Third
and last A rays longest, subequal to depth of C peduncle.
Attains 25 cm. Indo-West Pacific, south to Delagoa Bay.
196.10 Parupeneus rubescens
(Lacepede, 1801)
PLATE 70
Blacksaddle goatfish
Swartsaal-bokvis
Mllllus rubescens Lacepede, 1801: 384; 408 (Mauritius). Pseudupeneus
fralerculus: Smith, SFSA No. 564*. Pseudupeneus plellrolaenia: Smith,
SFSA No. 571*. Parupeneus pleurolaenia: Thomas, 1969: 50*. Parllpeneus
fralerculus: Thomas, 1969: 61 *.
D VIII + 1,8; A 1,6; LL 27-29; GR (6-7)+(23-26). Depth 3.0-3.4, head
3.0-3.3 in SL; snout 1.9-2.1, eye 4.6-5.6, interorbital 3.2-3.6, barbels
1.5-1.7, peduncle depth 2.4-2.8, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head; 3rd A
ray much longer than last one.
Colour variable, black saddle on C peduncle present or
absent. Attains 42 cm. Indo-West Pacific, Red Sea, south to
Mossel Bay. Most common species in our area.
Genus Upeneus Cuvier, 1829
Band of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines.
Maxilla reaches slightly beyond front margin of eye. Small
scales present on lower half of soft D and A; 3-6 scale series
between 1st and 2nd D, 11-12 between 2nd D and C. First D
spines 8, with 1st spine minute, or 7 with 1st spine almost as
long as the 2nd. Usually dark oblique bands on C lobes and
dark markings on 1st D. Smaller than other mullids. Often
in large shoals. About 13 species, 3 in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Lower GR 16-17; interdorsal scales 3-4; body with
dark brown longitudinal stripe, or dark blotches
with a dark saddle behind 2nd D ................................ U. tragula
Ib Lower GR 19-21; interdorsal scales 5-6; no dark
longitudinal stripe or blotches on body ................................... 2
2a Barbels extend beyond rear edge of opercle; no
oblique bars on C .............................................. U. sulphurells
2b Barbels do not reach rear edge of opercle; oblique
bars on both lobes of C ............................................ U. vittatus
golden on sides with faint longitudinal yellow band and lines
of dots on scales. Attains 28 cm; Indo-West Pacific, Red
Sea, south to the Transkei.
196.6 Parupeneus cyclostomus
(Lacepede, 1801)
PLATE 69
Goldsaddle goatfish
Goudsaal-bokvis
Mullus cycloslomus Lacepede, 1801: 383, 404, PI. 14, Fig. 3 (IndoPacific). Pseudupeneus cycloslomus: Smith, SFSA No. 570*.
Pseudupeneus luleus: Smith, 1961: 568, No. 5693. Parupeneus cyciostomus: Thomas, 1969: 65*. Parupeneus luteus: Thomas, 1969: 69*.
D VIII+l,8; A 1,6; LL 27-28; GR (6-7)+(21-24). Depth 3.3-3.5, head
2.9-3.1 in SL; snout 1.8-2.0, eye 6:2-6.9, interorbital 3.9-4.1, barbels
1.1-1.2, peduncle depth 2.6-2.9, peduncle length 1.4-1.5 in head.
Red, red-bluish or blue with a yellow saddle behind 2nd
D and often with blue streaks on head; occasionally uniformly yellow. Attains 48 cm. Indo-West Pacific, Red Sea,
southwards to Durban.
196.7 Parupeneus indicus
(Shaw, 1803)
PLATE 69
Indian goatfish
Indiese bokvis
Mullus indicus Shaw, 1803: 614 (India). Pseudupeneus indicus: Smith,
SFSA No. 567*; Thomas, 1969: 55*.
D VIII +l,8; A 1,6; LL 26-29; GR 6+(19-21). Depth 3.3-3.5, head
3.1-3.3 in SL; snout 1.9-2.2, eye 4.7-5.1, interorbital 3.7-4.0, barbels
1.3-1.5, peduncle depth 2.6-2.8, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head. In adults
head subequal to body depth. Barbels extend beyond preopercle.
Attains 32 cm. Indo-West Pacific to Port Alfred.
196.8 Parupeneus macronema
(Lacepede, 1801)
PLATE 69
Band-dot goatfish
Bandkol-bokvis
Mullus macronema Lacepede, 1801: 383, 404, PI. 13, Fig. 2 (IndoPacific). Pseudupeneus macron em a: Smith, SFSA No. 565*. Parupeneus
macron emus: Thomas, 1969: 51 *.
D VIII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 27-28; GR (8-9)+(26-29). Depth 2.9-3.2, head
2.9-3.2 in SL; snout 1.7-2.0, eye 4.8-5.3, interorbital 3.6-4.1, barbels
1.1-1.4, peduncle depth 2.5-3.0, peduncle length 1.3-1.5 in head. Last ray
of 2nd dorsal extending beyond C peduncle blotch in adults.
Attains 35 cm. Indian Ocean and Red Sea; south to Sodwana Bay.
612
196.9 Parupeneus pleurostigma
(Bennett, 1831)
PLATE 69
Blackspot goatfish
Swartkol-bokvis
Upeneus pleurostigma Bennett, 1831: 59 (Mauritius). Pseudupeneus
pleurostigma: Smith, SFSA No. 568*.
D VIII + 1,8; A 1,6; LL 27-29; GR (6-7)+ (22-23). Depth 3.5-3.7, head
2.9-3.2 in SL; snout 1.9-2.1, eye 4.8-5.1, interorbital 3.3-3.6, barbels
1.5-1.7, peduncle depth 3.0-3.3, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head. Third
and last A rays longest, subequal to depth of C peduncle.
Attains 25 cm. Indo-West Pacific, south to Delagoa Bay.
196.10 Parupeneus rubescens
(Lacepede, 1801)
PLATE 70
Blacksaddle goatfish
Swartsaal-bokvis
Mllllus rubescens Lacepede, 1801: 384; 408 (Mauritius). Pseudupeneus
fralerculus: Smith, SFSA No. 564*. Pseudupeneus plellrolaenia: Smith,
SFSA No. 571*. Parupeneus pleurolaenia: Thomas, 1969: 50*. Parllpeneus
fralerculus: Thomas, 1969: 61 *.
D VIII + 1,8; A 1,6; LL 27-29; GR (6-7)+(23-26). Depth 3.0-3.4, head
3.0-3.3 in SL; snout 1.9-2.1, eye 4.6-5.6, interorbital 3.2-3.6, barbels
1.5-1.7, peduncle depth 2.4-2.8, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head; 3rd A
ray much longer than last one.
Colour variable, black saddle on C peduncle present or
absent. Attains 42 cm. Indo-West Pacific, Red Sea, south to
Mossel Bay. Most common species in our area.
Genus Upeneus Cuvier, 1829
Band of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines.
Maxilla reaches slightly beyond front margin of eye. Small
scales present on lower half of soft D and A; 3-6 scale series
between 1st and 2nd D, 11-12 between 2nd D and C. First D
spines 8, with 1st spine minute, or 7 with 1st spine almost as
long as the 2nd. Usually dark oblique bands on C lobes and
dark markings on 1st D. Smaller than other mullids. Often
in large shoals. About 13 species, 3 in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Lower GR 16-17; interdorsal scales 3-4; body with
dark brown longitudinal stripe, or dark blotches
with a dark saddle behind 2nd D ................................ U. tragula
Ib Lower GR 19-21; interdorsal scales 5-6; no dark
longitudinal stripe or blotches on body ................................... 2
2a Barbels extend beyond rear edge of opercle; no
oblique bars on C .............................................. U. sulphurells
2b Barbels do not reach rear edge of opercle; oblique
bars on both lobes of C ............................................ U. vittatus