196.2 Mu/loides vanico/ensis
(Valenciennes, 1831)
PL<\TE69
Flame goatfish
Vlam-bokvis
Upeneus vanicolensis Valenciennes, in Cuv. & VaL, 1831, 7: 521
(Vanicolo). Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non ForsskaI): Smith, SFSA No.
572* (in part). Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (non Lacepede): Thomas,
1969: 73*.
D VII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 32-35; GR (7-8)+(22-24). Depth 3.8-4.0, head
3.2-3.4 in SL; snout 2.5-2.8, eye 3.1-3.5, interorbital 3.3-3.6, barbels
1.3-1.4, peduncle depth 3.0-3.4, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head.
Body red-orange to olive on back and whitish on sides
and belly; yellow longitudinal band often present; no dark
blotch on sides under middle of 1st D. Attains 33 cm. IndoWest Pacific, Red Sea and southward probably to Delagoa
Bay.
Genus Parupeneus Bleeker, 1863
Teeth in jaws conical, stout, in 1 row only; none on vomer
and palatines; 8-9 scale series between 2nd D and C. Closely
related to Pseudupeneus Bleeker, 1862 (of the Atlantic and
East Pacific); in adult males of Pseudupeneus the teeth are
in 2 rows with a few in outer row enlarged and curved. Often
swim in pairs or in groups, disturbing the bottom with their
barbels, followed occasionally by labrids like Gomphosus
and Macropharyngodon species to feed on any disturbed
benthic invertebrates. About 14 species, 8 in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Dark longitudinal band from snout or eye to below 2nd D;
dark round blotch on C peduncle centred on LL, diameter
no more than 2 Yz scales ....................................................... 2
Ib No dark longitudinal band; dark blotch on C peduncle
absent, or more than Yz of blotch above LL, extending
over 3 or more scales ......................................................... 3
2a Barbels much longer than snout plus eye; dark
blotch at midpoint of C peduncle ......................... P. macronema
2b Barbels shorter than or equal to snout plus eye;
dark blotch close to end of C peduncle ................... P. barberinus
3a Large oval dark blotch about twice eye diameter
on side of C peduncle; yellow or whitish oblong
blotch from below mid 1st D to front of 2nd D,
almost completely above LL; lower GR 19-21 .............. P. indicus
3b No dark oval blotch on side of C peduncle; no light
blotch on side of body; lower GR more than 20
(except P. cinnabarinus) ..................................................... 4
4a Black vertical bar below each D; body depth
greater than head length; barbels almost reach
rear edge of preopercle ....................................... P. bifasciatus
4b No vertical bars, body depth not greater than
head length; barbels extend well past preopercle ...................... 5
Sa Barbels reach base of V; their length less than
1.2 in head ...................................................... P. cyclostomus
5b Barbels reach slightly beyond rear edge of
preopercle; their length more than 1. 2 in head ......................... 6
196: MULLIDAE (GOATFISHES)
6a Large dark blotch on LL below interdorsal
space; body depth more than 3.4 in SL ................. P. pleurostigma
6b No dark blotch on LL below interdorsal space;
body depth less than 3.4 in SL .............................................. 7
7a Dark blotch usually present, in form of saddle
over rear Yz of C peduncle, preceded by a light patch;
lower GR 23-26; upper lip slightly wider
posteriorly ......................................................... P. rubescens
7b No dark saddle on C peduncle; lower GR 19-22;
upper lip narrow posteriorly .............................. P. cinnabarinus
196.3 Parupeneus barberinus
(Lacepede, 1801)
PL<\TE 69
Dash-dot goatfish
Streepkol-bokvis
Mullus barberinus Lacepede, 1801: 383, 406, PI. 13, Fig. 2 (IndoPacific). Pseudupeneus barberinus: Smith, SFSA No. 566*; Thomas, 1969:
39*.
D VIII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 27-29; GR (6-7)+(19-23). Depth 3.1-3.5, head
2.9-3.2 in SL; snout 1.8-2.1, eye 4.9-5.6, interorbital 3.4-4.4, barbels
1.2-1.5 in head. Peduncle depth 2.8-3.0, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head.
Last ray of 2nd D not elongated and far from reaching C peduncle blotch.
Attains 40 cm. Indo-West Pacific south to Mossel Bay;
replaced in the Red Sea by closely related P. forsskali
(Fourmanoir & Gueze, 1976).
196.4 Parupeneus bifasciatus
(Lacepede, 1801)
PL<\TE 69
Two-saddle goatfish
Tweesaal-bokvis
Mullus bifasciatus Lacepede, 1801: 383, 404, PI. 14, Fig. 2 (IndoPacific). Pseudupeneus bifasciatus: Smith, 1961: 568, No. 571a; Thomas,
1969: 53*.
D VIII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 27-28; GR (7-8)+(27-30); depth 2.9-3.1, head
3.3-3.4 in SL; snout 1.8-1.9, eye 5.2.6.8, interorbital 3.1-3.3, barbels
1.7-1.8, peduncle depth 2.2-2.4, peduncle length 1.1-1.2 in head.
Attains 30 cm. Indo-West Pacific south to Sodwana Bay.
196.5 Parupeneus cinnabarinus
(Cuvier, 1829)
PL<\TE69
Redspot goatfish
Rooikol-bokvis
Upeneus cinnabarinus Cuvier, in Cuv. & VaL, 1829: 475 (Ceylon).
Pseudupeneus pleurospilos: Smith, SFSA No. 569*. Pseudupeneus
seychellensis Smith & Smith, 1963: 22, PI. 88, Fig. B (Seychelles).
Parupeneus pleurospilus: Thomas, 1969: 61. Pseudupeneus heptacanthus
(non Lacepede): Smith, 1975: 43. Parupeneus heptacanthus (non
Lacepede): Smith, 1980: 178.
D VIII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 27-28; GR (6-7)+(19-21). Depth 3.0-3.3, head
2.9-3.2 in SL; snout 1.8-2.0, eye 4.5-5.4, interorbital 3.8-4.2, barbels
1.1-1.4, peduncle depth 3.1-3.5, peduncle length 1.2-1.5 in head. Third D
spine longest.
A small dark rectangular blotch below and behind 1st D
often visible on fresh specimens; colour variable, usually
611
(Valenciennes, 1831)
PL<\TE69
Flame goatfish
Vlam-bokvis
Upeneus vanicolensis Valenciennes, in Cuv. & VaL, 1831, 7: 521
(Vanicolo). Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non ForsskaI): Smith, SFSA No.
572* (in part). Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (non Lacepede): Thomas,
1969: 73*.
D VII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 32-35; GR (7-8)+(22-24). Depth 3.8-4.0, head
3.2-3.4 in SL; snout 2.5-2.8, eye 3.1-3.5, interorbital 3.3-3.6, barbels
1.3-1.4, peduncle depth 3.0-3.4, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head.
Body red-orange to olive on back and whitish on sides
and belly; yellow longitudinal band often present; no dark
blotch on sides under middle of 1st D. Attains 33 cm. IndoWest Pacific, Red Sea and southward probably to Delagoa
Bay.
Genus Parupeneus Bleeker, 1863
Teeth in jaws conical, stout, in 1 row only; none on vomer
and palatines; 8-9 scale series between 2nd D and C. Closely
related to Pseudupeneus Bleeker, 1862 (of the Atlantic and
East Pacific); in adult males of Pseudupeneus the teeth are
in 2 rows with a few in outer row enlarged and curved. Often
swim in pairs or in groups, disturbing the bottom with their
barbels, followed occasionally by labrids like Gomphosus
and Macropharyngodon species to feed on any disturbed
benthic invertebrates. About 14 species, 8 in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Dark longitudinal band from snout or eye to below 2nd D;
dark round blotch on C peduncle centred on LL, diameter
no more than 2 Yz scales ....................................................... 2
Ib No dark longitudinal band; dark blotch on C peduncle
absent, or more than Yz of blotch above LL, extending
over 3 or more scales ......................................................... 3
2a Barbels much longer than snout plus eye; dark
blotch at midpoint of C peduncle ......................... P. macronema
2b Barbels shorter than or equal to snout plus eye;
dark blotch close to end of C peduncle ................... P. barberinus
3a Large oval dark blotch about twice eye diameter
on side of C peduncle; yellow or whitish oblong
blotch from below mid 1st D to front of 2nd D,
almost completely above LL; lower GR 19-21 .............. P. indicus
3b No dark oval blotch on side of C peduncle; no light
blotch on side of body; lower GR more than 20
(except P. cinnabarinus) ..................................................... 4
4a Black vertical bar below each D; body depth
greater than head length; barbels almost reach
rear edge of preopercle ....................................... P. bifasciatus
4b No vertical bars, body depth not greater than
head length; barbels extend well past preopercle ...................... 5
Sa Barbels reach base of V; their length less than
1.2 in head ...................................................... P. cyclostomus
5b Barbels reach slightly beyond rear edge of
preopercle; their length more than 1. 2 in head ......................... 6
196: MULLIDAE (GOATFISHES)
6a Large dark blotch on LL below interdorsal
space; body depth more than 3.4 in SL ................. P. pleurostigma
6b No dark blotch on LL below interdorsal space;
body depth less than 3.4 in SL .............................................. 7
7a Dark blotch usually present, in form of saddle
over rear Yz of C peduncle, preceded by a light patch;
lower GR 23-26; upper lip slightly wider
posteriorly ......................................................... P. rubescens
7b No dark saddle on C peduncle; lower GR 19-22;
upper lip narrow posteriorly .............................. P. cinnabarinus
196.3 Parupeneus barberinus
(Lacepede, 1801)
PL<\TE 69
Dash-dot goatfish
Streepkol-bokvis
Mullus barberinus Lacepede, 1801: 383, 406, PI. 13, Fig. 2 (IndoPacific). Pseudupeneus barberinus: Smith, SFSA No. 566*; Thomas, 1969:
39*.
D VIII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 27-29; GR (6-7)+(19-23). Depth 3.1-3.5, head
2.9-3.2 in SL; snout 1.8-2.1, eye 4.9-5.6, interorbital 3.4-4.4, barbels
1.2-1.5 in head. Peduncle depth 2.8-3.0, peduncle length 1.2-1.4 in head.
Last ray of 2nd D not elongated and far from reaching C peduncle blotch.
Attains 40 cm. Indo-West Pacific south to Mossel Bay;
replaced in the Red Sea by closely related P. forsskali
(Fourmanoir & Gueze, 1976).
196.4 Parupeneus bifasciatus
(Lacepede, 1801)
PL<\TE 69
Two-saddle goatfish
Tweesaal-bokvis
Mullus bifasciatus Lacepede, 1801: 383, 404, PI. 14, Fig. 2 (IndoPacific). Pseudupeneus bifasciatus: Smith, 1961: 568, No. 571a; Thomas,
1969: 53*.
D VIII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 27-28; GR (7-8)+(27-30); depth 2.9-3.1, head
3.3-3.4 in SL; snout 1.8-1.9, eye 5.2.6.8, interorbital 3.1-3.3, barbels
1.7-1.8, peduncle depth 2.2-2.4, peduncle length 1.1-1.2 in head.
Attains 30 cm. Indo-West Pacific south to Sodwana Bay.
196.5 Parupeneus cinnabarinus
(Cuvier, 1829)
PL<\TE69
Redspot goatfish
Rooikol-bokvis
Upeneus cinnabarinus Cuvier, in Cuv. & VaL, 1829: 475 (Ceylon).
Pseudupeneus pleurospilos: Smith, SFSA No. 569*. Pseudupeneus
seychellensis Smith & Smith, 1963: 22, PI. 88, Fig. B (Seychelles).
Parupeneus pleurospilus: Thomas, 1969: 61. Pseudupeneus heptacanthus
(non Lacepede): Smith, 1975: 43. Parupeneus heptacanthus (non
Lacepede): Smith, 1980: 178.
D VIII+I,8; A 1,6; LL 27-28; GR (6-7)+(19-21). Depth 3.0-3.3, head
2.9-3.2 in SL; snout 1.8-2.0, eye 4.5-5.4, interorbital 3.8-4.2, barbels
1.1-1.4, peduncle depth 3.1-3.5, peduncle length 1.2-1.5 in head. Third D
spine longest.
A small dark rectangular blotch below and behind 1st D
often visible on fresh specimens; colour variable, usually
611