175: APOGONIDAE (CARDINAL FISHES)
General colour dark; 1st D varies from completely dark
to dark only at tip; C base sometimes almost white; upper
and lower margin of C dusky. Attains over 22 cm. IndoPacific; Red Sea, south to Sodwana Bay. Smith's illustration (SFSA No. 471) does not agree with Lacepede's; a reexamination of Smith's material revealed specimens of C.
lineatus Lacepede as well as C. lachneri Klausewitz and C.
artus Smith (see account for the latter).
175.37 Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
Cuvier, 1828
PLATE 50
Sharptooth cardinal
Skerptand-kardinaal
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, in Cuv. & Val., 1828: 167
(Society Ids.); Smith, SFSA No. 470. Paramia quinquelineata: Smith,
1961 : 406*
D VI+ 1,9; A II,8; P 12-13; LL 27; predorsal scales 6-7; developed GR
9-12. Depth 3.3-3.6, head 2.4-2.6 in SL; eye 2.9-3.3, snout 4.2-4.5 in head.
Patches of villiform teeth in both jaws.
General colour light grey; stripes much narrower than interspaces; 1st D spine black; upper and lower margin of C
sometimes dusky. Attains 12 cm. Indo-Pacific; Red Sea
south to Inhaca Id.
Genus Foa Jordan & Evermann, 1905
Preopercle ridge and edge smooth; supramaxilla present;
C rounded; small fishes closely related to Apogonichthys
and Fowleria; 5 nomiaal species (3 known from types only),
1 in our area.
Foa
175.38 Foa brachygramma
(Jenkins, 1903)
PLATE 50
Foa
Fowleria brachygrammus Jenkins, 1903: 447, Fig. 18 (Honolulu).
Apogonichthys zuluensis Fowler, 1934: 424, Fig. 10 (Lake St. Lucia,
Natal); Smith, SFSA No. 493*. Foa brachygramma: Smith, 1961: 383*.
D VII+I,9; A II,8; P 12; LL scales 9-10; predorsal scales 4; GR 3+(810) (developed GR 7). Depth about 2.3, head 2.6 in SL; eye about 3.3 in
head.
Body colour plain, sometimes with few faint vertical bars;
V dusky. Attains 6 cm. Indo-Pacific; south to Natal, common among weeds in tidepools.
Genus Fowleria Jordan & Evermann, 1903
Preopercle ridge and edge smooth; supramaxilla present;
C rounded. About 7 nominal species that need revision.
Lachner (1953) recognised 4 species, based on colour differences, which were not accepted by Smith (1961); 1 species
in our area.
556
175.39 Fowleria aurita
(Valenciennes, 1831)
PLATE 50
Crosseyed cardinal
Skeeloog-kardinaal
Apogon auritus Valenciennes, in Cuv. & Val., 1831: 443 (Mauritius).
Papil/apogon auritus Smith, SFSA No. 491 *. Fowleria aurita: Smith, 1961:
382*.
D VII + 1,9; A II,8; P 14; LL scales 10-13; predorsal scales 4-5; GR
(3-4)+ 12 (developed GR 4-6). Depth 2.5-2.8, head 2.4-2.5 in SL; eye
3.3-3.6 in head. Ventral edge of preoperde poorly ossified; anterior
nostril immediately above upper lip and with a long tube.
Body sometimes with few vertical bars; ocellus on opercle always present. Buccal eggs are red. Attains about 9 cm.
Indo-Pacific; Red Sea south to Natal, common among
weeds in tidepools.
175.39 Fowleria aurita: 4.5 em (N. Mozambique).
Genus Neamia Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
Monotypic; differs from all other tropical members of the
subfamily in having a well-developed 8th D spine.
175.40 Neamia octospina
Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
PLATE 50
Eightspine cardinal
Agstekel-kardinaal
Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe, in Radcliffe, 1912: 441, PI. 36,
Fig. 2 (Palawan); Smith, 1961: 381 *.
D VIII+I,9; A II,8; P 18; LL scales 24; pre dorsal scales 3-4; GR 2+
(10-12) (developed GR 6-7). Depth about 2.5, head 2.6-2.7 in SL; eye
3.8-4.4 in head. Preopercle ridge and edge smooth, ventral edge poorly
ossified; supramaxilla present; maxilla reaching well beyond eye;
villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines; C rounded.
Body pink; head with 3 dark stripes radiating from eye.
Attains 5 cm. Mozambique Id. northwards to Red Sea and
to Palawan in the Pacific Ocean.
Genus Rhabdamia Weber, 1909
Six or 7 spines in 1st D; 9-11 soft Drays; 9-13 soft A rays;
preopercle ridge and edge smooth, scales cycloid to
General colour dark; 1st D varies from completely dark
to dark only at tip; C base sometimes almost white; upper
and lower margin of C dusky. Attains over 22 cm. IndoPacific; Red Sea, south to Sodwana Bay. Smith's illustration (SFSA No. 471) does not agree with Lacepede's; a reexamination of Smith's material revealed specimens of C.
lineatus Lacepede as well as C. lachneri Klausewitz and C.
artus Smith (see account for the latter).
175.37 Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
Cuvier, 1828
PLATE 50
Sharptooth cardinal
Skerptand-kardinaal
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, in Cuv. & Val., 1828: 167
(Society Ids.); Smith, SFSA No. 470. Paramia quinquelineata: Smith,
1961 : 406*
D VI+ 1,9; A II,8; P 12-13; LL 27; predorsal scales 6-7; developed GR
9-12. Depth 3.3-3.6, head 2.4-2.6 in SL; eye 2.9-3.3, snout 4.2-4.5 in head.
Patches of villiform teeth in both jaws.
General colour light grey; stripes much narrower than interspaces; 1st D spine black; upper and lower margin of C
sometimes dusky. Attains 12 cm. Indo-Pacific; Red Sea
south to Inhaca Id.
Genus Foa Jordan & Evermann, 1905
Preopercle ridge and edge smooth; supramaxilla present;
C rounded; small fishes closely related to Apogonichthys
and Fowleria; 5 nomiaal species (3 known from types only),
1 in our area.
Foa
175.38 Foa brachygramma
(Jenkins, 1903)
PLATE 50
Foa
Fowleria brachygrammus Jenkins, 1903: 447, Fig. 18 (Honolulu).
Apogonichthys zuluensis Fowler, 1934: 424, Fig. 10 (Lake St. Lucia,
Natal); Smith, SFSA No. 493*. Foa brachygramma: Smith, 1961: 383*.
D VII+I,9; A II,8; P 12; LL scales 9-10; predorsal scales 4; GR 3+(810) (developed GR 7). Depth about 2.3, head 2.6 in SL; eye about 3.3 in
head.
Body colour plain, sometimes with few faint vertical bars;
V dusky. Attains 6 cm. Indo-Pacific; south to Natal, common among weeds in tidepools.
Genus Fowleria Jordan & Evermann, 1903
Preopercle ridge and edge smooth; supramaxilla present;
C rounded. About 7 nominal species that need revision.
Lachner (1953) recognised 4 species, based on colour differences, which were not accepted by Smith (1961); 1 species
in our area.
556
175.39 Fowleria aurita
(Valenciennes, 1831)
PLATE 50
Crosseyed cardinal
Skeeloog-kardinaal
Apogon auritus Valenciennes, in Cuv. & Val., 1831: 443 (Mauritius).
Papil/apogon auritus Smith, SFSA No. 491 *. Fowleria aurita: Smith, 1961:
382*.
D VII + 1,9; A II,8; P 14; LL scales 10-13; predorsal scales 4-5; GR
(3-4)+ 12 (developed GR 4-6). Depth 2.5-2.8, head 2.4-2.5 in SL; eye
3.3-3.6 in head. Ventral edge of preoperde poorly ossified; anterior
nostril immediately above upper lip and with a long tube.
Body sometimes with few vertical bars; ocellus on opercle always present. Buccal eggs are red. Attains about 9 cm.
Indo-Pacific; Red Sea south to Natal, common among
weeds in tidepools.
175.39 Fowleria aurita: 4.5 em (N. Mozambique).
Genus Neamia Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
Monotypic; differs from all other tropical members of the
subfamily in having a well-developed 8th D spine.
175.40 Neamia octospina
Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
PLATE 50
Eightspine cardinal
Agstekel-kardinaal
Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe, in Radcliffe, 1912: 441, PI. 36,
Fig. 2 (Palawan); Smith, 1961: 381 *.
D VIII+I,9; A II,8; P 18; LL scales 24; pre dorsal scales 3-4; GR 2+
(10-12) (developed GR 6-7). Depth about 2.5, head 2.6-2.7 in SL; eye
3.8-4.4 in head. Preopercle ridge and edge smooth, ventral edge poorly
ossified; supramaxilla present; maxilla reaching well beyond eye;
villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines; C rounded.
Body pink; head with 3 dark stripes radiating from eye.
Attains 5 cm. Mozambique Id. northwards to Red Sea and
to Palawan in the Pacific Ocean.
Genus Rhabdamia Weber, 1909
Six or 7 spines in 1st D; 9-11 soft Drays; 9-13 soft A rays;
preopercle ridge and edge smooth, scales cycloid to