73.10 Woodsia meyerwaardeni
Krefft, 1973
Woodsia meyerwaardeni Krefft, 1973: 130, Figs. 1-4 (South Atlantic:
38°14'S,On5'E).
D 10-11; A 14-16; P 10; V 7; total GR 18-21; vertebrae 43-35; pseudobranchiae present. Photophores: ORB 2, OP 3, SO 1, BR 14-16, VA V
14-15, AC 12-14, IC 51-53; OA 31-33. Preanal part ofOA series festoonshaped.
More or less blackish; operculum coppery. Attains ca.
10 cm; adults in 300 - 1100 m; probably reaches our area,
nearest is 37°08'S, 5°23'E.
73.10 Woodsia meyerwaardeni: 10 cm SL (after Krefft, 1973).
Genus Yarrella Goode & Bean, 1896
Eyes normal. Premaxillary teeth biserial; vomer and
palatines toothed, pterygoid teeth present or absent;
tongue toothless. Photophores present on isthmus. Body
with several rows of small photophores above the lateral
and ventral rows typical of the family; ORB 1, SO present,
IV, AC series level, OA always 50 or more and reaching to
C base; no glandular luminous tissue; A base much longer
than D base; A origin under middle or anterior ofD base; V
insertion well in advance of D origin. Two species, 1 possibly
reaches our area.
73.11 Yarrella blackfordi
Goode & Bean, 1896
Yarrella blackfordi Goode & Bean, 1896: 103, Fig. 121 (Gulf of
Mexico); Grey, 1960: 86, 1964: 102*; Karrer, 1973: 204; Lloris, 1982: 8.
D 14-17; A 28-31; P 8-10; V 6-7; total GR 18-22; vertebrae 53-54. Premaxilla with an outer row of evenly spaced teeth and a few smaller teeth in
interspaces. Photophores small to moderate; ORB 1, OP 3, BR 11-14, IV
24-25, VA V 12, AC 24-28, IC 61-63, OA about 52-53, reaching C base.
Uniformly black; dusky pigmentation on median fins; P
and V colourless; photophores reddish or bluish in preservative. Attains 33 cm. Adults in 500 - 700 m. Tropical/subtropical Atlantic, and to 18°32'S, 11 °48'E.
73.11 Yarella blackfordi: 19.5 em SL (after Grey, 1964).
74: GONOSTOMATIDAE (BRISTLEMOUTHS)
Family No. 74: GONOSTOMATIDAE
by S. Schaefer, R.K. Johnson & J. Badcock
Bristlemouths
Borselbekke
Head and body compressed. Premaxillary teeth uniserial
(except in Triplophos); dentary teeth biserial anteriorly.
Gill-rakers usually well developed. Scales deciduous.
Dorsal adipose fin present or absent. Four bony pectoral fin
radials (except Cyclothone). Photophores discrete, in 1 or
more rows on body, present or absent on isthmus; ORB 1.
Elongate bioluminescent fishes of oceanic, mesopelagic
and bathypelagic habitats found throughout the world's
oceans. Six genera with about 27 species known, 6 genera
and 17 species in or near our area. Grey (1960 and 1964)
reviewed species of all genera except Cyclothone;
Mukhacheva reviewed Gonostoma in 1972, Cyclothone in
1964 and 1974, Margrethia and Bonapartia in 1976, and
Diplophos in 1978; Weitzman (1974) considered the generic
and family-level classification.
KEY TO GENERA
(by S.H. Weitzman)
1a A 36-69; D origin well in advance of A origin, rear end
of D opposite or a little before A origin; photophores
present on isthmus; IV photophores 24-50 .............................. 2
1b A 16-31; D origin not well in advance of A origin;
photophores absent from isthmus; IV photophores 13-17 ........... 3
2a VAV photophores 12-17; ORB photophore below
or slightly before front margin of eye; lower GR
7-10; a row of small photophores present on rear
Yz of lower jaw; pseudobranchiae present; IV
photophores 30-51 ................................................. Diplophos
2b V A V photophores 5-7; ORB photophore below
centre of eye; lower GR 12-16; no photophores
on rear Yz of lower jaw; pseudobranchiae absent;
IV photophores 24-30 ............................................ Triplophos
3a D origin in advance of A origin; pseudobranchiae
well developed ..................................................... Margrethia
3b D origin about opposite or behind A origin;
pseudobranchiae inconspicuous or absent ............................... 4
4a D and A with elongate anterior rays; body with
1 row of photo ph ores; Prays 14-16 .......................... Bonapartia
4b Anterior rays of D and A not elongate; body with
2 rows of photophores or photophores inconspicuous;
Prays 7-13 ....................................................................... 5
5a OA photophores 11-21; SO photophores present
(except in G. bathyphilum) 37-40 vertebrae;
maxilla with a series of long, slender, subequal
teeth interspaced with shorter teeth; palatine
teeth in 1 row; A 20-31 .......................................... Gonostoma
5b OA photophores 6-10; SO photophores absent;
29-33 vertebrae; maxillary teeth short and
subequal, posteriorly increasing in length where
they either remain subequal or form a repeat
series of an elongate slender tooth followed by a
series of smaller subequal conical teeth; palatine
teeth in an anterior patch; A 16-21 ............ ..... ..... ..... Cyclothone
247
Krefft, 1973
Woodsia meyerwaardeni Krefft, 1973: 130, Figs. 1-4 (South Atlantic:
38°14'S,On5'E).
D 10-11; A 14-16; P 10; V 7; total GR 18-21; vertebrae 43-35; pseudobranchiae present. Photophores: ORB 2, OP 3, SO 1, BR 14-16, VA V
14-15, AC 12-14, IC 51-53; OA 31-33. Preanal part ofOA series festoonshaped.
More or less blackish; operculum coppery. Attains ca.
10 cm; adults in 300 - 1100 m; probably reaches our area,
nearest is 37°08'S, 5°23'E.
73.10 Woodsia meyerwaardeni: 10 cm SL (after Krefft, 1973).
Genus Yarrella Goode & Bean, 1896
Eyes normal. Premaxillary teeth biserial; vomer and
palatines toothed, pterygoid teeth present or absent;
tongue toothless. Photophores present on isthmus. Body
with several rows of small photophores above the lateral
and ventral rows typical of the family; ORB 1, SO present,
IV, AC series level, OA always 50 or more and reaching to
C base; no glandular luminous tissue; A base much longer
than D base; A origin under middle or anterior ofD base; V
insertion well in advance of D origin. Two species, 1 possibly
reaches our area.
73.11 Yarrella blackfordi
Goode & Bean, 1896
Yarrella blackfordi Goode & Bean, 1896: 103, Fig. 121 (Gulf of
Mexico); Grey, 1960: 86, 1964: 102*; Karrer, 1973: 204; Lloris, 1982: 8.
D 14-17; A 28-31; P 8-10; V 6-7; total GR 18-22; vertebrae 53-54. Premaxilla with an outer row of evenly spaced teeth and a few smaller teeth in
interspaces. Photophores small to moderate; ORB 1, OP 3, BR 11-14, IV
24-25, VA V 12, AC 24-28, IC 61-63, OA about 52-53, reaching C base.
Uniformly black; dusky pigmentation on median fins; P
and V colourless; photophores reddish or bluish in preservative. Attains 33 cm. Adults in 500 - 700 m. Tropical/subtropical Atlantic, and to 18°32'S, 11 °48'E.
73.11 Yarella blackfordi: 19.5 em SL (after Grey, 1964).
74: GONOSTOMATIDAE (BRISTLEMOUTHS)
Family No. 74: GONOSTOMATIDAE
by S. Schaefer, R.K. Johnson & J. Badcock
Bristlemouths
Borselbekke
Head and body compressed. Premaxillary teeth uniserial
(except in Triplophos); dentary teeth biserial anteriorly.
Gill-rakers usually well developed. Scales deciduous.
Dorsal adipose fin present or absent. Four bony pectoral fin
radials (except Cyclothone). Photophores discrete, in 1 or
more rows on body, present or absent on isthmus; ORB 1.
Elongate bioluminescent fishes of oceanic, mesopelagic
and bathypelagic habitats found throughout the world's
oceans. Six genera with about 27 species known, 6 genera
and 17 species in or near our area. Grey (1960 and 1964)
reviewed species of all genera except Cyclothone;
Mukhacheva reviewed Gonostoma in 1972, Cyclothone in
1964 and 1974, Margrethia and Bonapartia in 1976, and
Diplophos in 1978; Weitzman (1974) considered the generic
and family-level classification.
KEY TO GENERA
(by S.H. Weitzman)
1a A 36-69; D origin well in advance of A origin, rear end
of D opposite or a little before A origin; photophores
present on isthmus; IV photophores 24-50 .............................. 2
1b A 16-31; D origin not well in advance of A origin;
photophores absent from isthmus; IV photophores 13-17 ........... 3
2a VAV photophores 12-17; ORB photophore below
or slightly before front margin of eye; lower GR
7-10; a row of small photophores present on rear
Yz of lower jaw; pseudobranchiae present; IV
photophores 30-51 ................................................. Diplophos
2b V A V photophores 5-7; ORB photophore below
centre of eye; lower GR 12-16; no photophores
on rear Yz of lower jaw; pseudobranchiae absent;
IV photophores 24-30 ............................................ Triplophos
3a D origin in advance of A origin; pseudobranchiae
well developed ..................................................... Margrethia
3b D origin about opposite or behind A origin;
pseudobranchiae inconspicuous or absent ............................... 4
4a D and A with elongate anterior rays; body with
1 row of photo ph ores; Prays 14-16 .......................... Bonapartia
4b Anterior rays of D and A not elongate; body with
2 rows of photophores or photophores inconspicuous;
Prays 7-13 ....................................................................... 5
5a OA photophores 11-21; SO photophores present
(except in G. bathyphilum) 37-40 vertebrae;
maxilla with a series of long, slender, subequal
teeth interspaced with shorter teeth; palatine
teeth in 1 row; A 20-31 .......................................... Gonostoma
5b OA photophores 6-10; SO photophores absent;
29-33 vertebrae; maxillary teeth short and
subequal, posteriorly increasing in length where
they either remain subequal or form a repeat
series of an elongate slender tooth followed by a
series of smaller subequal conical teeth; palatine
teeth in an anterior patch; A 16-21 ............ ..... ..... ..... Cyclothone
247