275
Fuchs J, Obst M, Sundberg P (2009) The fi rst comprehensive molecular
phylogeny of Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) based on combined analyses of
nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 52:225–233
Fuchs J, Martindale MQ, Hejnol A (2011) Gene expression in bryozoan
larvae suggest a fundamental importance of pre-patterned blastemic
cells in the bryozoan life-cycle. Evol Dev 2:13
Gautier YV (1962) Recherches écologiques sur les Bryozoaires chilostomes en Méditerranèe Occidentale. Rec Trav Stat Mar Endoume
39:1–434
George SB (1990) Population and seasonal differences in egg quality of
Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Invert Rep Dev
17(2):111–121
George SB, Cellario C, Fenaux L (1990) Population differences in egg
quality of Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): proximate
composition of eggs and larval development. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
141:107–118
Ghiselin MT (1987) Evolutionary aspects of marine invertebrate reproduction. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) Reproduction of
marine invertebrates, vol 9, General aspects: seeking unity in diversity. Blackwell Scientifi c Publications/The Boxwood Press, Palo
Alto/Pacifi c Grove, pp 609–665
Gibson GD, Gibson AJF (2004) Heterochrony and the evolution of
poecilogony: generating larval diversity. Evolution 58:2704–2717
Gilbert JJ (1983) Rotifera. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG (eds)
Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 1, Oogenesis, oviposition, and oosorption. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester,
pp 181–209
Gilbert JJ (1989) Rotifera. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG (eds)
Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 4, Part A: fertilization,
development, and parental care. IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi/Bombay/Calcutta/Oxford, pp 179–199
Godeaux JEA (1990) Urochordata – Thaliacea. In: Adiyodi KG,
Adiyodi RG (eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 4, Part
B: fertilization, development, and parental care. IBH Publishing Co
Pvt Ltd, New Delhi/Bombay/Calcutta/Oxford, pp 453–469
Goodwin NB, Dulvy NK, Reynolds JD (2002) Life-history correlates of
the evolution of life-bearing of fi shes. Proc R Soc B 357:259–267
Gordon DP (1970) Reproductive ecology of some northern New
Zealand Bryozoa. Cah Biol Mar 11:307–323
Gordon DP (1977) The aging process in bryozoans. In: Woollacott RM,
Zimmer RL (eds) Biology of bryozoans. Academic Press, New York/
San Francisco/London, pp 335–376
Gordon DP (1986) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa:
Gymnolaemata (Ctenostomata and Cheilostomata Anasca) from the
Western South Island continental shelf and slope. NZ Oceanogr Inst
Mem 95:1–121
Gordon DP (2000) Towards a phylogeny of cheilostomes – morphological models of frontal wall/shield evolution. In: Herrera Cubilla
A, Jackson JBC (eds) Proceedings of the 11th international bryozoology association conference. Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute, Panama, pp 17–37
Gordon DP (2012) (unpublished, available from author) Genera and
subgenera of cheilostome Bryozoa. Interim classifi cation (working
list for Treatise on invertebrate paleontology)
Gordon DP, Voigt E (1996) The kenozooidal origin of the ascophorine
hypostegal coelom and associated frontal shield. In: Gordon DP, Smith
AM, Grant-Mackie JA (eds) Bryozoans in space and time. National
Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, pp 89–107
Grave BH (1930) The natural history of Bugula fl abellata at Woods
Hole, Massachusetts, including the behaviour and attachment of the
larva. J Morphol 49:355–383
Hadfi eld MG, Strathmann MF (1996) Variability, fl exibility and
plasticity in life histories of marine invertebrates. Oceanol Acta
19(3–4):323–334
Hagan HR (1951) Embryology of viviparous insects. Ronald Press,
New York
Hageman GS (1983) A fi ne structural analysis of ovarian morphology,
oogenesis, and ovulation in marine bryozoan Membranipora serrilamella (Cheilostomata, Anasca). PhD dissertation, University of
Southern California
Hancock JM, Kauffman EG (1979) The great transgressions of the Late
Cretaceous. J Geol Soc Lond 136:175–186
Haq BU (1983) Calcareous nannoplancton. In: Haq BU, Boersma A
(eds) Introduction to marine micropaleontology. Elsevier
Biomedical, New York/Amsterdam/Oxford, pp 79–107
Harmer SF (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition. II.
Cheilostomata Anasca. Rep Siboga Exp 28b:181–501, EJ Brill,
Leiden
Hart M (1996) Evolutionary loss of larval feeding: development, form
and function in a facultatively feeding larva, Brisaster latifrons .
Evolution 50(1):174–187
Hart MW, Byrne M, Smith MJ (1997) Molecular phylogenetic analysis
of life-history evolution in asterinid starfi sh. Evolution 51(6):
1848–1861
Hastings AB (1930) Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of
the Panama Canal collected by Dr. C. Crossland on the cruise of the
S.Y. “St. George”. Proc Zool Soc Lond 4(47):697–740
Hastings AB (1941) The British species of Scruparia (Polyzoa). Ann
Mag Nat Hist, 11 Ser, 7(41):465–472
Haszprunar G, von Salvini-Plawen L, Rieger RM (1995) Larval planktotrophy – a primitive trait in the Bilateria? Acta Zool
76(2):141–154
Havenhand JN (1993) Egg to juvenile period, generation time, and the
evolution of larval type in marine invertebrates. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
97:247–260
Havenhand JN (1995) Evolutionary ecology of larval types. In:
McEdwards L (ed) Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae.
CRC Press, Boca Raton/London/New York/Washington, DC,
pp 79–121
Hayward PJ (1981) Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) of the deep sea. Galathea
Rep 15:21–68
Hayward PJ (1983) Bryozoa Ectoprocta. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG
(eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 1, Oogenesis, oviposition and oosorption. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp
543–560
Hayward PJ (1985) Ctenostome bryozoans. Synop Br Fauna 33:1–169
Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1985) Cyclostome bryozoans. Synop Br Fauna
34:1–147
Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, Part 1.
Aetoidea-Cribrilinoidea. Syn Brit Fauna, 2nd edn. 10:1–366
Henry JJ, Raff RA (1990) Evolutionary change in the process of dorsoventral axis determination in the direct developing sea urchin,
Heliocidaris erythrogramma . Dev Biol 141(1):55–69
Hoagland E, Robertson R (1988) An assessment of poecilogony in marine
invertebrates: phenomenon or fantasy? Biol Bull 174:109–124
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Emlet RB (1997) Energy use during the development of a lecithotrophic and a planktotrophic echinoid. Biol Bull
192:27–40
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Pearse JS (1995) Temperature, food availability,
and the development of marine invertebrate larvae. Am Zool
35:415–425
Hoese B, Janssen HH (1989) Morphological and physiological studies
on the marsupium in terrestrial isopods. Monit Zool Ital NS
4:153–173
Hughes DJ (1987) Gametogenesis and embryonic brooding in the
cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina . J Zool 212:691–711
Hunt OD (1925) The food of the bottom fauna of the Plymouth fi shing
grounds. J Mar Biol Assoc UK NS 13:560–599
Ivanova-Kazas ОМ (1986) Analysis of the larval development of
Tentaculata. Zool Zhurn 65(5):757–770 [in Russian]
Jablonski D (1986) Larval ecology and macroevolution in marine invertebrates. Bull Mar Sci 39:565–587
References
Fuchs J, Obst M, Sundberg P (2009) The fi rst comprehensive molecular
phylogeny of Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) based on combined analyses of
nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 52:225–233
Fuchs J, Martindale MQ, Hejnol A (2011) Gene expression in bryozoan
larvae suggest a fundamental importance of pre-patterned blastemic
cells in the bryozoan life-cycle. Evol Dev 2:13
Gautier YV (1962) Recherches écologiques sur les Bryozoaires chilostomes en Méditerranèe Occidentale. Rec Trav Stat Mar Endoume
39:1–434
George SB (1990) Population and seasonal differences in egg quality of
Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Invert Rep Dev
17(2):111–121
George SB, Cellario C, Fenaux L (1990) Population differences in egg
quality of Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): proximate
composition of eggs and larval development. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
141:107–118
Ghiselin MT (1987) Evolutionary aspects of marine invertebrate reproduction. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) Reproduction of
marine invertebrates, vol 9, General aspects: seeking unity in diversity. Blackwell Scientifi c Publications/The Boxwood Press, Palo
Alto/Pacifi c Grove, pp 609–665
Gibson GD, Gibson AJF (2004) Heterochrony and the evolution of
poecilogony: generating larval diversity. Evolution 58:2704–2717
Gilbert JJ (1983) Rotifera. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG (eds)
Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 1, Oogenesis, oviposition, and oosorption. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester,
pp 181–209
Gilbert JJ (1989) Rotifera. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG (eds)
Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 4, Part A: fertilization,
development, and parental care. IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi/Bombay/Calcutta/Oxford, pp 179–199
Godeaux JEA (1990) Urochordata – Thaliacea. In: Adiyodi KG,
Adiyodi RG (eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 4, Part
B: fertilization, development, and parental care. IBH Publishing Co
Pvt Ltd, New Delhi/Bombay/Calcutta/Oxford, pp 453–469
Goodwin NB, Dulvy NK, Reynolds JD (2002) Life-history correlates of
the evolution of life-bearing of fi shes. Proc R Soc B 357:259–267
Gordon DP (1970) Reproductive ecology of some northern New
Zealand Bryozoa. Cah Biol Mar 11:307–323
Gordon DP (1977) The aging process in bryozoans. In: Woollacott RM,
Zimmer RL (eds) Biology of bryozoans. Academic Press, New York/
San Francisco/London, pp 335–376
Gordon DP (1986) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa:
Gymnolaemata (Ctenostomata and Cheilostomata Anasca) from the
Western South Island continental shelf and slope. NZ Oceanogr Inst
Mem 95:1–121
Gordon DP (2000) Towards a phylogeny of cheilostomes – morphological models of frontal wall/shield evolution. In: Herrera Cubilla
A, Jackson JBC (eds) Proceedings of the 11th international bryozoology association conference. Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute, Panama, pp 17–37
Gordon DP (2012) (unpublished, available from author) Genera and
subgenera of cheilostome Bryozoa. Interim classifi cation (working
list for Treatise on invertebrate paleontology)
Gordon DP, Voigt E (1996) The kenozooidal origin of the ascophorine
hypostegal coelom and associated frontal shield. In: Gordon DP, Smith
AM, Grant-Mackie JA (eds) Bryozoans in space and time. National
Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, pp 89–107
Grave BH (1930) The natural history of Bugula fl abellata at Woods
Hole, Massachusetts, including the behaviour and attachment of the
larva. J Morphol 49:355–383
Hadfi eld MG, Strathmann MF (1996) Variability, fl exibility and
plasticity in life histories of marine invertebrates. Oceanol Acta
19(3–4):323–334
Hagan HR (1951) Embryology of viviparous insects. Ronald Press,
New York
Hageman GS (1983) A fi ne structural analysis of ovarian morphology,
oogenesis, and ovulation in marine bryozoan Membranipora serrilamella (Cheilostomata, Anasca). PhD dissertation, University of
Southern California
Hancock JM, Kauffman EG (1979) The great transgressions of the Late
Cretaceous. J Geol Soc Lond 136:175–186
Haq BU (1983) Calcareous nannoplancton. In: Haq BU, Boersma A
(eds) Introduction to marine micropaleontology. Elsevier
Biomedical, New York/Amsterdam/Oxford, pp 79–107
Harmer SF (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition. II.
Cheilostomata Anasca. Rep Siboga Exp 28b:181–501, EJ Brill,
Leiden
Hart M (1996) Evolutionary loss of larval feeding: development, form
and function in a facultatively feeding larva, Brisaster latifrons .
Evolution 50(1):174–187
Hart MW, Byrne M, Smith MJ (1997) Molecular phylogenetic analysis
of life-history evolution in asterinid starfi sh. Evolution 51(6):
1848–1861
Hastings AB (1930) Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of
the Panama Canal collected by Dr. C. Crossland on the cruise of the
S.Y. “St. George”. Proc Zool Soc Lond 4(47):697–740
Hastings AB (1941) The British species of Scruparia (Polyzoa). Ann
Mag Nat Hist, 11 Ser, 7(41):465–472
Haszprunar G, von Salvini-Plawen L, Rieger RM (1995) Larval planktotrophy – a primitive trait in the Bilateria? Acta Zool
76(2):141–154
Havenhand JN (1993) Egg to juvenile period, generation time, and the
evolution of larval type in marine invertebrates. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
97:247–260
Havenhand JN (1995) Evolutionary ecology of larval types. In:
McEdwards L (ed) Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae.
CRC Press, Boca Raton/London/New York/Washington, DC,
pp 79–121
Hayward PJ (1981) Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) of the deep sea. Galathea
Rep 15:21–68
Hayward PJ (1983) Bryozoa Ectoprocta. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG
(eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 1, Oogenesis, oviposition and oosorption. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp
543–560
Hayward PJ (1985) Ctenostome bryozoans. Synop Br Fauna 33:1–169
Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1985) Cyclostome bryozoans. Synop Br Fauna
34:1–147
Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, Part 1.
Aetoidea-Cribrilinoidea. Syn Brit Fauna, 2nd edn. 10:1–366
Henry JJ, Raff RA (1990) Evolutionary change in the process of dorsoventral axis determination in the direct developing sea urchin,
Heliocidaris erythrogramma . Dev Biol 141(1):55–69
Hoagland E, Robertson R (1988) An assessment of poecilogony in marine
invertebrates: phenomenon or fantasy? Biol Bull 174:109–124
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Emlet RB (1997) Energy use during the development of a lecithotrophic and a planktotrophic echinoid. Biol Bull
192:27–40
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Pearse JS (1995) Temperature, food availability,
and the development of marine invertebrate larvae. Am Zool
35:415–425
Hoese B, Janssen HH (1989) Morphological and physiological studies
on the marsupium in terrestrial isopods. Monit Zool Ital NS
4:153–173
Hughes DJ (1987) Gametogenesis and embryonic brooding in the
cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina . J Zool 212:691–711
Hunt OD (1925) The food of the bottom fauna of the Plymouth fi shing
grounds. J Mar Biol Assoc UK NS 13:560–599
Ivanova-Kazas ОМ (1986) Analysis of the larval development of
Tentaculata. Zool Zhurn 65(5):757–770 [in Russian]
Jablonski D (1986) Larval ecology and macroevolution in marine invertebrates. Bull Mar Sci 39:565–587
References