111
Pace RM (1906) On the early stages in the development of Flustrellidra
hispida (Fabricius), and on the existence of a “yolk nucleus” in the
egg of this form. Q J Microsc Sci 50:435–478
Pallas PS (1766) Elenhus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes
generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum
selectis auctorum synonymus. P van Gleef, Hagae
Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa MW (1926) Kurze Bemerkung über den
Ovidukt bei den Bryozoen. Zool Anz 65:100–102
Pemberton AJ, Hughes RN, Manríquez PH, Bishop JDD (2003)
Effi cient utilization of very dilute aquatic sperm: sperm competition
may be more likely than sperm limitation when eggs are retained.
Proc R Soc B 270(Suppl 2):S223–S226
Pergens E (1889) Untersuchungen an Seebryozoen. Zool Anz
12(317):504–510, (318):526–533
Pohowsky RA (1973) A Jurassic cheilostome from England. In:
Larwood GP (ed) Living and fossil Bryozoa: recent advances in
research. Academic Press, London, pp 447–461
Porter JS (2004) Morphological and genetic characteristics of erect
subtidal species of Alcyonidium (Ctenostomata: Bryozoa). J Mar
Biol Assoc UK 84:243–252
Porter JS, Hayward PJ (2004) Species of Alcyonidium (Bryozoa:
Ctenostomata) from Antarctica and Magellan Strait, defi ned by
morphological, reproductive and molecular characters. J Mar Biol
Assoc UK 84:253–265
Porter JS, Hayward PJ, Spencer Jones ME (2001) The identity of
Alcyonidium diaphanum (Bryozoa: Ctenostomatida). J Mar Biol
Assoc UK 81:1001–1008
Powell NA (1967a) Sexual dwarfi sm in Cribrilina annulata
(Cribrilinidae-Bryozoa). J Fish Res Board Can 24(9):1905–1910
Powell NA (1967b) Polyzoa (Bryozoa) – Ascophora – from north New
Zealand. Discov Rep 34:199–394
Prenant M, Bobin G (1956) Bryozoaires. 1. Entoproctes, Phylactolèmes,
Cténostomes. Faune Fr 60:1–398
Prouho H (1889) Sur la reproduction de quelques Bryozoaires cténostomes. Compt Rend Hebd Sean Acad Sci Paris 109:197–198
Prouho H (1892) Contribution a l’histoire des bryozoaires. Arch Zool
Exp Gen 10:557–656
Raspail FV (1828) Histoire naturelle de l’ Alcyonella fl uviatile ( A. stagnorum, Lamk.) et de tous les genres voisins, considères, soit sous le
rapport de leur organisation et de leur identité spécifi que, sont sous
sous le rapport physiologique de leurs tentacules avec les branchies
des mollusques et des animalcules ou infusoires ou sermatiques.
Mem Soc Hist Nat Paris 4:75–165, 246
Raven CP (1961) Oogenesis: the storage of developmental information.
Pergamon Press, New York
Reed CG (1987) Bryozoa. In: Strathmann MF (ed) Reproduction and
development of marine invertebrates of the northern Pacifi c coast:
data and methods for the study of eggs, embryos, and larvae.
University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp 494–510
Reed CG (1988) The reproductive biology of the gymnolaemate bryozoan Bowerbankia gracilis (Ctenostomata: Vesiculariida). Ophelia
29(1):1–23
Reed CG (1991) Bryozoa. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds)
Reproduction of marine invertebrates, vol 6, Echinoderms and
lophophorates. Boxwood Press, Pacifi c Grove, pp 85–245
Reid J (1845) Anatomical and physiological observations on some zoophytes. Ann Mag Nat Hist 16:385–400
Repiachoff W (1875) Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Tendra zostericola . Z Wiss Zool 25:129–142
Repiachoff W (1876) Zur Naturgeschichte der chilostomen Bryozoen.
Z Wiss Zool 26:139–160
Retzius G (1904) Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Evertebraten. Biol
Untersuch NS 11(1):1–32
Retzius G (1905) Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Evertebraten. II. Die
Spermien der Leptocardier, Teleostier und Ganoider. Biologische
Untersuch NS 12(9–10):79–115
Retzius G (1906) Die Spermien der Enteropneusten and der Nemertinen.
Die Spermien der Turbellarien. Die Spermien der Bryozoen. Biol
Untersuch NS 13(2–4):37–48
Retzius G (1909) Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Insekten. Die Spermien
von Aurelia aurita . Die Spermien der Nereiden. Die Spermien der
Cestoden und der Trematoden. Die Spermien der Chaetognathen.
Weiteres zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Bryozoen. Die Spermien
von Nassa reticulata. Biol Untersuch NS 14(2–8):54–78
Retzius G (1910) Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Echinodermen. Weitere
Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Spermien mit besonderer Berücksichtigung
der Kernsubstanz. Biol Untersuch NS 15(2–3):54–82
Reverter-Gil O, Souto J, Fernández-Pulpeiro E (2012) A new genus of
Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Zootaxa 3339:1–29
Rogick MD (1956) Studies on marine Bryozoa. VII. Hippothoa . Ohio
J Sci 56(3):183–191
Römer O (1906) Untersuchungen über die Knospung, Degeneration
und Regeneration von einigen marinen ectoprocten Bryozoen. Z
Wiss Zool 84(3):446–478
Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD (2004) Invertebrate zoology, 7th edn, A
functional evolutionary approach. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont
Ryland JS (1958) Embryo colour as a diagnostic character in Polyzoa.
Ann Mag Nat Hist 13(1):552–556
Ryland JS (1965) Polyzoa (Bryozoa). Order Cheilostomata. Cyphonautes
larvae. Conseil international pour l’exploration de la mer. Zooplankton
sheet 107:1–6
Ryland JS (1970) Bryozoans. Hutchinson University Library, London
Ryland JS (1976) Physiology and ecology of marine bryozoans. In:
Russell FS, Yonge CM (eds) Adv Mar Biol 14:285–443
Ryland JS (1979) Celleporella carolinensis sp. nov. (Bryozoa Cheilostomata)
from the Atlantic coast of America. In: Larwood GP, Abbott MB (eds)
Advances in bryozoology, Systematics Association special vol 13.
Academic Press, London/New York/San Francisco, pp 611–619
Ryland JS (1982) Bryozoa. In: Encyclopedia of science and technology,
5th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 458–466
Ryland JS (2001) Convergent colonial organization and reproductive
function in two bryozoan species epizoic on gastropod shells. J Nat
Hist 35:1085–1101
Ryland JS, Bishop JDD (1993) Internal fertilization in hermaphroditic
colonial invertebrates. Oceanogr Mar Biol 31:445–477
Ryland JS, Gordon DP (1977) Some New Zealand and British species of Hippothoa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). J R Soc N Z
7(1):17–49
Ryland JS, Hayward PJ (1977) British anascan bryozoans. Syn Brit
Fauna 10:1–188
Ryland JS, Porter JS (2000) Alcyonidium reticulum sp. nov., a common
intertidal bryozoan from south-west Britain. J Mar Biol Assoc UK
80:563–564
Ryland JS, Porter JS (2006) The identifi cation, distribution and biology
of encrusting species of Alcyonidium (Bryozoa: Ctenostomatida)
around the coasts of Ireland. Proc R Irish Acad 106B(1):19–33
Salensky W (1874) Untersuchungen an Seebryozoen. Z Wiss Zool
24:343–348
Santagata S, Banta WC (1996) Origin of brooding and ovicells in cheilostome bryozoans: interpretive morphology of Scrupocellaria
ferox . Invertebr Biol 115(2):170–180
Schmidt-Rhaesa A (2007) The evolution of organ systems. Oxford
University Press, Oxford
Schopf TJM (1977) Population genetics of bryozoans. In: Woollacott
RM, Zimmer RL (eds) Biology of bryozoans. Academic Press, New
York, pp 459–486
Schulz K (1901) Untersuchungen über den Bau der Bryozoen mit
besonderer Berücksichtigung der Exkretionsorgane. Arch Naturg
67(1):115–144
Schwartz ML, Dimock RV (2001) Ultrastructural evidence for nutritional exchange between brooding unionid mussels and their glochidia larvae. Invertebr Biol 120:227–236
References
Pace RM (1906) On the early stages in the development of Flustrellidra
hispida (Fabricius), and on the existence of a “yolk nucleus” in the
egg of this form. Q J Microsc Sci 50:435–478
Pallas PS (1766) Elenhus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes
generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum
selectis auctorum synonymus. P van Gleef, Hagae
Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa MW (1926) Kurze Bemerkung über den
Ovidukt bei den Bryozoen. Zool Anz 65:100–102
Pemberton AJ, Hughes RN, Manríquez PH, Bishop JDD (2003)
Effi cient utilization of very dilute aquatic sperm: sperm competition
may be more likely than sperm limitation when eggs are retained.
Proc R Soc B 270(Suppl 2):S223–S226
Pergens E (1889) Untersuchungen an Seebryozoen. Zool Anz
12(317):504–510, (318):526–533
Pohowsky RA (1973) A Jurassic cheilostome from England. In:
Larwood GP (ed) Living and fossil Bryozoa: recent advances in
research. Academic Press, London, pp 447–461
Porter JS (2004) Morphological and genetic characteristics of erect
subtidal species of Alcyonidium (Ctenostomata: Bryozoa). J Mar
Biol Assoc UK 84:243–252
Porter JS, Hayward PJ (2004) Species of Alcyonidium (Bryozoa:
Ctenostomata) from Antarctica and Magellan Strait, defi ned by
morphological, reproductive and molecular characters. J Mar Biol
Assoc UK 84:253–265
Porter JS, Hayward PJ, Spencer Jones ME (2001) The identity of
Alcyonidium diaphanum (Bryozoa: Ctenostomatida). J Mar Biol
Assoc UK 81:1001–1008
Powell NA (1967a) Sexual dwarfi sm in Cribrilina annulata
(Cribrilinidae-Bryozoa). J Fish Res Board Can 24(9):1905–1910
Powell NA (1967b) Polyzoa (Bryozoa) – Ascophora – from north New
Zealand. Discov Rep 34:199–394
Prenant M, Bobin G (1956) Bryozoaires. 1. Entoproctes, Phylactolèmes,
Cténostomes. Faune Fr 60:1–398
Prouho H (1889) Sur la reproduction de quelques Bryozoaires cténostomes. Compt Rend Hebd Sean Acad Sci Paris 109:197–198
Prouho H (1892) Contribution a l’histoire des bryozoaires. Arch Zool
Exp Gen 10:557–656
Raspail FV (1828) Histoire naturelle de l’ Alcyonella fl uviatile ( A. stagnorum, Lamk.) et de tous les genres voisins, considères, soit sous le
rapport de leur organisation et de leur identité spécifi que, sont sous
sous le rapport physiologique de leurs tentacules avec les branchies
des mollusques et des animalcules ou infusoires ou sermatiques.
Mem Soc Hist Nat Paris 4:75–165, 246
Raven CP (1961) Oogenesis: the storage of developmental information.
Pergamon Press, New York
Reed CG (1987) Bryozoa. In: Strathmann MF (ed) Reproduction and
development of marine invertebrates of the northern Pacifi c coast:
data and methods for the study of eggs, embryos, and larvae.
University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp 494–510
Reed CG (1988) The reproductive biology of the gymnolaemate bryozoan Bowerbankia gracilis (Ctenostomata: Vesiculariida). Ophelia
29(1):1–23
Reed CG (1991) Bryozoa. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds)
Reproduction of marine invertebrates, vol 6, Echinoderms and
lophophorates. Boxwood Press, Pacifi c Grove, pp 85–245
Reid J (1845) Anatomical and physiological observations on some zoophytes. Ann Mag Nat Hist 16:385–400
Repiachoff W (1875) Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Tendra zostericola . Z Wiss Zool 25:129–142
Repiachoff W (1876) Zur Naturgeschichte der chilostomen Bryozoen.
Z Wiss Zool 26:139–160
Retzius G (1904) Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Evertebraten. Biol
Untersuch NS 11(1):1–32
Retzius G (1905) Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Evertebraten. II. Die
Spermien der Leptocardier, Teleostier und Ganoider. Biologische
Untersuch NS 12(9–10):79–115
Retzius G (1906) Die Spermien der Enteropneusten and der Nemertinen.
Die Spermien der Turbellarien. Die Spermien der Bryozoen. Biol
Untersuch NS 13(2–4):37–48
Retzius G (1909) Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Insekten. Die Spermien
von Aurelia aurita . Die Spermien der Nereiden. Die Spermien der
Cestoden und der Trematoden. Die Spermien der Chaetognathen.
Weiteres zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Bryozoen. Die Spermien
von Nassa reticulata. Biol Untersuch NS 14(2–8):54–78
Retzius G (1910) Zur Kenntnis der Spermien der Echinodermen. Weitere
Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Spermien mit besonderer Berücksichtigung
der Kernsubstanz. Biol Untersuch NS 15(2–3):54–82
Reverter-Gil O, Souto J, Fernández-Pulpeiro E (2012) A new genus of
Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Zootaxa 3339:1–29
Rogick MD (1956) Studies on marine Bryozoa. VII. Hippothoa . Ohio
J Sci 56(3):183–191
Römer O (1906) Untersuchungen über die Knospung, Degeneration
und Regeneration von einigen marinen ectoprocten Bryozoen. Z
Wiss Zool 84(3):446–478
Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD (2004) Invertebrate zoology, 7th edn, A
functional evolutionary approach. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont
Ryland JS (1958) Embryo colour as a diagnostic character in Polyzoa.
Ann Mag Nat Hist 13(1):552–556
Ryland JS (1965) Polyzoa (Bryozoa). Order Cheilostomata. Cyphonautes
larvae. Conseil international pour l’exploration de la mer. Zooplankton
sheet 107:1–6
Ryland JS (1970) Bryozoans. Hutchinson University Library, London
Ryland JS (1976) Physiology and ecology of marine bryozoans. In:
Russell FS, Yonge CM (eds) Adv Mar Biol 14:285–443
Ryland JS (1979) Celleporella carolinensis sp. nov. (Bryozoa Cheilostomata)
from the Atlantic coast of America. In: Larwood GP, Abbott MB (eds)
Advances in bryozoology, Systematics Association special vol 13.
Academic Press, London/New York/San Francisco, pp 611–619
Ryland JS (1982) Bryozoa. In: Encyclopedia of science and technology,
5th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 458–466
Ryland JS (2001) Convergent colonial organization and reproductive
function in two bryozoan species epizoic on gastropod shells. J Nat
Hist 35:1085–1101
Ryland JS, Bishop JDD (1993) Internal fertilization in hermaphroditic
colonial invertebrates. Oceanogr Mar Biol 31:445–477
Ryland JS, Gordon DP (1977) Some New Zealand and British species of Hippothoa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). J R Soc N Z
7(1):17–49
Ryland JS, Hayward PJ (1977) British anascan bryozoans. Syn Brit
Fauna 10:1–188
Ryland JS, Porter JS (2000) Alcyonidium reticulum sp. nov., a common
intertidal bryozoan from south-west Britain. J Mar Biol Assoc UK
80:563–564
Ryland JS, Porter JS (2006) The identifi cation, distribution and biology
of encrusting species of Alcyonidium (Bryozoa: Ctenostomatida)
around the coasts of Ireland. Proc R Irish Acad 106B(1):19–33
Salensky W (1874) Untersuchungen an Seebryozoen. Z Wiss Zool
24:343–348
Santagata S, Banta WC (1996) Origin of brooding and ovicells in cheilostome bryozoans: interpretive morphology of Scrupocellaria
ferox . Invertebr Biol 115(2):170–180
Schmidt-Rhaesa A (2007) The evolution of organ systems. Oxford
University Press, Oxford
Schopf TJM (1977) Population genetics of bryozoans. In: Woollacott
RM, Zimmer RL (eds) Biology of bryozoans. Academic Press, New
York, pp 459–486
Schulz K (1901) Untersuchungen über den Bau der Bryozoen mit
besonderer Berücksichtigung der Exkretionsorgane. Arch Naturg
67(1):115–144
Schwartz ML, Dimock RV (2001) Ultrastructural evidence for nutritional exchange between brooding unionid mussels and their glochidia larvae. Invertebr Biol 120:227–236
References