110
Maturo FJS (1991b) A new bryozoan structure: an ovipositor. In: Bigey
FP (ed) Bryozoaires actuels et fossiels: Bryozoa living and fossil.
Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest France, Mem HS 1:572
Mawatari S (1952) On Watersipora cucullata (Busk) II. Misc Rep Res
Inst Nat Res Tokyo 28:17–27
Mawatari SF (1975) The life history of Membranipora serrilamella
Osburn (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Bull Lib Art Sci Sch Med Nihon
Univ 3:19–57
Mawatari S, Mawatari SF (1975) Development and metamorphosis of
the cyphonautes of Membranipora serrilamella Osburn. In: Pouyet
S (ed) Bryozoa 1974. Doc Lab Geol Fac Sci Lyon, HS 3(1):13–18
McKinney FK, Jackson JDC (1989) Bryozoan evolution. Unwin
Hyman, Boston
Milne Edwards H (1836) Recherches anatomiques, physiologiques et
zoologiques sur les Eschares. Ann Sci Nat Zool Ser 2 6:5–53
Moosburgger M, Schwaha T, Walzl MG, Obst M, Ostrovsky AN (2012)
The placental analogue and the pattern of sexual reproduction in the
cheilostome bryozoan Bicellariella ciliata (Gymnolaemata). Front
Zool 9:29
Mossman HW (1937) Comparative morphogenesis of the fetal membranes and accessory uterine structures. Carneg Inst Wash Contrib
Embryol 26(158):129–246
Mukai H, Saito Y, Watanabe H (1987) Viviparous development in
Botrylloides (compound ascidians). J Morphol 193:263–276
Mukai H, Terakado K, Reed CG (1997) Bryozoa. In: Harrison FW (ed)
Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates, vol 13. Wiley-Liss, New
York, pp 45–206
Nielsen C (1981) On morphology and reproduction of Hippodiplosia
insculpta and Fenestrulina malusii (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata).
Ophelia 20:91–125
Nielsen C (1990) Bryozoa Ectoprocta. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG (eds)
Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 4, Part B: fertilization,
development, and parental care. IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi/Bombay/Calcutta/Oxford, pp 185–200
Nielsen C (2001) Animal evolution: interrelationships of the living
phyla, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Nitsche H (1868) Beiträge zur Anatomie und Entwickelungsgeschichte
der phylactolaemen Süsswasserbryozoen, insbesondere von
Alcyonella fungosa Pall. Akademisch-dissertation, Berlin
Nitsche H (1869) Beobachtungen über die Entwicklungsgeschichte
einiger chilostomen Bryozoen. Z Wiss Zool 20(1):1–13
Nordmann MA (1839) Recherches microscopiques sur l’anatomie et le
développement du Tendra zostericola , espèce de polype de la section des Bryozoaires. Ann Sci Nat Ser 2 11:185–191
O’Dea A, Ostrovsky AN, Rodrígues F (2010) Embryonic brooding and
clonal propagation in tropical eastern Pacifi c cupuladriid bryozoans.
J Mar Biol Assoc UK 90:291–299
O’Loughlin PM, Eichler J, Altoff L, Falconer A, Mackenzie M,
Whitfi eld E, Rowley C (2009) Observations of reproductive strategies for some dendrochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata:
Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Mem Mus Vic 66:215–220
Osburn RC (1950) Bryozoa of the Pacifi c coast of America. Part 1,
Cheilostomata-Anasca. Allan Hancock Pacif Exp 14(1):1–269
Ostrovsky AN (1998) Comparative studies of ovicell anatomy and
reproductive patterns in Cribrilina annulata and Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). Acta Zool 79(4):287–318
Ostrovsky AN (2008a) The parental care in cheilostome bryozoans: a
historical review. In: Wyse Jackson PN, Spencer Jones ME (eds)
Annals of bryozoology 2: aspects of the history of research on
bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp
211–245
Ostrovsky AN (2008b) External versus internal and self- versus crossfertilization in Bryozoa: transformation of the view and evolutionary considerations. In: Wyse Jackson PN, Spencer Jones ME (eds)
Annals of bryozoology 2: aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp 103–115
Ostrovsky AN (2008c) Brood chambers in cheilostome Bryozoa:
diversity and revised terminology. In: Hageman SJ, Key MMJ, Jr,
Winston JE (eds) Proceedings of the 14th International
Bryozoology Association conference. Virginia Mus Nat Hist Spec
Publ 15:195–204
Ostrovsky AN (2009) Evolution of sexual reproduction in the bryozoan
order Cheilostomata (Gymnolaemata). St. Petersburg State
University, St. Petersburg [in Russian with English summary]
Ostrovsky AN (2013) From incipient to substantial: evolution of placentotrophy in a phylum of aquatic colonial invertebrates. Evolution
67(5):1368–1382
Ostrovsky AN, Shunatova NN (2002) Colonial behaviour and group
zooidal reactions in Bryozoa: history of the research. In: Wyse
Jackson PN, Spencer Jones ME (eds) Annals of bryozoology:
aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International
Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp 185–200
Ostrovsky AN, Schäfer P (2003) Ovicell structure in Callopora dumerilii
and C. lineata (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida). Acta Zool 84(1):15–24
Ostrovsky AN, Taylor PD (2004) Systematics of Upper Cretaceous
calloporid bryozoans with primitive spinose ovicells. Palaeontology
47(3):775–793
Ostrovsky AN, Taylor PD (2005) Brood chambers constructed from
spines in fossil and recent cheilostome bryozoans. Zool J Linn Soc
144:317–361
Ostrovsky AN, Schäfer P, Gordon DP (2003) Ultrastructure and
development of the ooecial walls in some calloporid bryozoans.
Zool Anz 242(3):223–240
Ostrovsky AN, Grischenko AV, Taylor PD, Bock P, Mawatari SF (2006)
Comparative anatomical study of internal brooding in three anascan
bryozoans (Cheilostomata) and its taxonomical and evolutionary
implications. J Morphol 267(6):739–749
Ostrovsky AN, Dick MH, Mawatari SF (2007) The internal-brooding
apparatus in the bryozoan genus Cauloramphus (Cheilostomata:
Calloporidae) and its inferred homology to ovicells. Zool Sci
25(1):36–52
Ostrovsky AN, Vávra N, Porter JS (2008) Sexual reproduction in gymnolaemate Bryozoa: history and perspectives of the research. In:
Wyse Jackson PN, Spencer Jones ME (eds) Annals of bryozoology
2: aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International
Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp 117–210
Ostrovsky AN, Gordon D, Lidgard S (2009a) Independent evolution of
matrotrophy in the major classes of Bryozoa: transitions among
reproductive patterns and their ecological background. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 378:113–124
Ostrovsky AN, Nielsen C, Vávra N, Yagunova EB (2009b) Diversity of
the brooding structures in calloporod bryozoans (Gymnolaemata:
Cheilostomata): comparative anatomy and evolutionary trends.
Zoomorphology 128(1):13–35
Ostrovsky AN, O’Dea A, Rodrígues F (2009c) Comparative anatomy of
internal incubational sacs in cupuladriid bryozoans and the evolution
of brooding in free-living cheilostomes. J Morphol 270:1413–1430
Ostrovsky AN, Porter JS (2011) Pattern of occurrence of supraneural
coelomopores and intertentacular organs in gymnolaemate bryozoans and its evolutionary implications. Zoomorphology 130:1–15
Ostrovsky AN, Schwaha T (2011) Ultrastructure of the placental
analoge in ctenostome bryozoan Zoobotryon verticillatum
(Delle Chiaje, 1828) (Gymnolaemata). In: Zaitseva OV, Petrov AA
(eds) Modern problems of evolutionary morphology of animals.
Proceedings of the 2nd all-Russian and international conference
dedicated to the 105th anniversary of academician AV Ivanov.
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.
Petersburg, pp 254–256 [in Russian]
Owrid GMA, Ryland JS (1991) Sexual reproduction in Alcyonidium
hirsutum (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata). In: Bigey FP (ed) Bryozoaires
actuels et fossiels: Bryozoa living and fossil. Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest
France, Mem HS 1:317–326
1 Reproductive Patterns of Gymnolaemate Bryozoa: General Overview and Comparative Analysis
Maturo FJS (1991b) A new bryozoan structure: an ovipositor. In: Bigey
FP (ed) Bryozoaires actuels et fossiels: Bryozoa living and fossil.
Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest France, Mem HS 1:572
Mawatari S (1952) On Watersipora cucullata (Busk) II. Misc Rep Res
Inst Nat Res Tokyo 28:17–27
Mawatari SF (1975) The life history of Membranipora serrilamella
Osburn (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Bull Lib Art Sci Sch Med Nihon
Univ 3:19–57
Mawatari S, Mawatari SF (1975) Development and metamorphosis of
the cyphonautes of Membranipora serrilamella Osburn. In: Pouyet
S (ed) Bryozoa 1974. Doc Lab Geol Fac Sci Lyon, HS 3(1):13–18
McKinney FK, Jackson JDC (1989) Bryozoan evolution. Unwin
Hyman, Boston
Milne Edwards H (1836) Recherches anatomiques, physiologiques et
zoologiques sur les Eschares. Ann Sci Nat Zool Ser 2 6:5–53
Moosburgger M, Schwaha T, Walzl MG, Obst M, Ostrovsky AN (2012)
The placental analogue and the pattern of sexual reproduction in the
cheilostome bryozoan Bicellariella ciliata (Gymnolaemata). Front
Zool 9:29
Mossman HW (1937) Comparative morphogenesis of the fetal membranes and accessory uterine structures. Carneg Inst Wash Contrib
Embryol 26(158):129–246
Mukai H, Saito Y, Watanabe H (1987) Viviparous development in
Botrylloides (compound ascidians). J Morphol 193:263–276
Mukai H, Terakado K, Reed CG (1997) Bryozoa. In: Harrison FW (ed)
Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates, vol 13. Wiley-Liss, New
York, pp 45–206
Nielsen C (1981) On morphology and reproduction of Hippodiplosia
insculpta and Fenestrulina malusii (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata).
Ophelia 20:91–125
Nielsen C (1990) Bryozoa Ectoprocta. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG (eds)
Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 4, Part B: fertilization,
development, and parental care. IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi/Bombay/Calcutta/Oxford, pp 185–200
Nielsen C (2001) Animal evolution: interrelationships of the living
phyla, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Nitsche H (1868) Beiträge zur Anatomie und Entwickelungsgeschichte
der phylactolaemen Süsswasserbryozoen, insbesondere von
Alcyonella fungosa Pall. Akademisch-dissertation, Berlin
Nitsche H (1869) Beobachtungen über die Entwicklungsgeschichte
einiger chilostomen Bryozoen. Z Wiss Zool 20(1):1–13
Nordmann MA (1839) Recherches microscopiques sur l’anatomie et le
développement du Tendra zostericola , espèce de polype de la section des Bryozoaires. Ann Sci Nat Ser 2 11:185–191
O’Dea A, Ostrovsky AN, Rodrígues F (2010) Embryonic brooding and
clonal propagation in tropical eastern Pacifi c cupuladriid bryozoans.
J Mar Biol Assoc UK 90:291–299
O’Loughlin PM, Eichler J, Altoff L, Falconer A, Mackenzie M,
Whitfi eld E, Rowley C (2009) Observations of reproductive strategies for some dendrochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata:
Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Mem Mus Vic 66:215–220
Osburn RC (1950) Bryozoa of the Pacifi c coast of America. Part 1,
Cheilostomata-Anasca. Allan Hancock Pacif Exp 14(1):1–269
Ostrovsky AN (1998) Comparative studies of ovicell anatomy and
reproductive patterns in Cribrilina annulata and Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). Acta Zool 79(4):287–318
Ostrovsky AN (2008a) The parental care in cheilostome bryozoans: a
historical review. In: Wyse Jackson PN, Spencer Jones ME (eds)
Annals of bryozoology 2: aspects of the history of research on
bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp
211–245
Ostrovsky AN (2008b) External versus internal and self- versus crossfertilization in Bryozoa: transformation of the view and evolutionary considerations. In: Wyse Jackson PN, Spencer Jones ME (eds)
Annals of bryozoology 2: aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp 103–115
Ostrovsky AN (2008c) Brood chambers in cheilostome Bryozoa:
diversity and revised terminology. In: Hageman SJ, Key MMJ, Jr,
Winston JE (eds) Proceedings of the 14th International
Bryozoology Association conference. Virginia Mus Nat Hist Spec
Publ 15:195–204
Ostrovsky AN (2009) Evolution of sexual reproduction in the bryozoan
order Cheilostomata (Gymnolaemata). St. Petersburg State
University, St. Petersburg [in Russian with English summary]
Ostrovsky AN (2013) From incipient to substantial: evolution of placentotrophy in a phylum of aquatic colonial invertebrates. Evolution
67(5):1368–1382
Ostrovsky AN, Shunatova NN (2002) Colonial behaviour and group
zooidal reactions in Bryozoa: history of the research. In: Wyse
Jackson PN, Spencer Jones ME (eds) Annals of bryozoology:
aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International
Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp 185–200
Ostrovsky AN, Schäfer P (2003) Ovicell structure in Callopora dumerilii
and C. lineata (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida). Acta Zool 84(1):15–24
Ostrovsky AN, Taylor PD (2004) Systematics of Upper Cretaceous
calloporid bryozoans with primitive spinose ovicells. Palaeontology
47(3):775–793
Ostrovsky AN, Taylor PD (2005) Brood chambers constructed from
spines in fossil and recent cheilostome bryozoans. Zool J Linn Soc
144:317–361
Ostrovsky AN, Schäfer P, Gordon DP (2003) Ultrastructure and
development of the ooecial walls in some calloporid bryozoans.
Zool Anz 242(3):223–240
Ostrovsky AN, Grischenko AV, Taylor PD, Bock P, Mawatari SF (2006)
Comparative anatomical study of internal brooding in three anascan
bryozoans (Cheilostomata) and its taxonomical and evolutionary
implications. J Morphol 267(6):739–749
Ostrovsky AN, Dick MH, Mawatari SF (2007) The internal-brooding
apparatus in the bryozoan genus Cauloramphus (Cheilostomata:
Calloporidae) and its inferred homology to ovicells. Zool Sci
25(1):36–52
Ostrovsky AN, Vávra N, Porter JS (2008) Sexual reproduction in gymnolaemate Bryozoa: history and perspectives of the research. In:
Wyse Jackson PN, Spencer Jones ME (eds) Annals of bryozoology
2: aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International
Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp 117–210
Ostrovsky AN, Gordon D, Lidgard S (2009a) Independent evolution of
matrotrophy in the major classes of Bryozoa: transitions among
reproductive patterns and their ecological background. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 378:113–124
Ostrovsky AN, Nielsen C, Vávra N, Yagunova EB (2009b) Diversity of
the brooding structures in calloporod bryozoans (Gymnolaemata:
Cheilostomata): comparative anatomy and evolutionary trends.
Zoomorphology 128(1):13–35
Ostrovsky AN, O’Dea A, Rodrígues F (2009c) Comparative anatomy of
internal incubational sacs in cupuladriid bryozoans and the evolution
of brooding in free-living cheilostomes. J Morphol 270:1413–1430
Ostrovsky AN, Porter JS (2011) Pattern of occurrence of supraneural
coelomopores and intertentacular organs in gymnolaemate bryozoans and its evolutionary implications. Zoomorphology 130:1–15
Ostrovsky AN, Schwaha T (2011) Ultrastructure of the placental
analoge in ctenostome bryozoan Zoobotryon verticillatum
(Delle Chiaje, 1828) (Gymnolaemata). In: Zaitseva OV, Petrov AA
(eds) Modern problems of evolutionary morphology of animals.
Proceedings of the 2nd all-Russian and international conference
dedicated to the 105th anniversary of academician AV Ivanov.
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.
Petersburg, pp 254–256 [in Russian]
Owrid GMA, Ryland JS (1991) Sexual reproduction in Alcyonidium
hirsutum (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata). In: Bigey FP (ed) Bryozoaires
actuels et fossiels: Bryozoa living and fossil. Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest
France, Mem HS 1:317–326
1 Reproductive Patterns of Gymnolaemate Bryozoa: General Overview and Comparative Analysis