Subject and Geographical Index
221
Haifa Bay 78,91-115 (passim), 122-126,
146, 147
- -, benthic fauna associations 146
Halig al Arab, see Arabs Gulf
"Halophila fauna" 80
harbour organisms 111
hard bottoms 64, 70, 79
Hathay-Euphrates divide 10
Hebrew University - Smithsonian Institution Joint Pro gram ("Biota of the Red
Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean")
49, 50, 56, 73, 129, 147
Herodotus 29
high-salinity environments 32, 36, 38, 51,
59,76-86, (passim)
Hipparchus (Hellenistic scienist) 27
holoplanktonic groups 77, 138, 139, 169
hot brines (Red Seal 21, 22
hyper-euryhalinity 82
hyperhaline 11, 73, 75, 77, 81
hypersaline, hypersalinity 11, 15, 19-21,
32, 35, 36,60, 75, 80, 81
Ibn Sirapiun (Arab geographer) 25, 27
ichthyoparasites 140 (see also parasitofauna)
immigration 123--127 (see also Lessepsian
Migration Levant shore)
Indian Ocean 1, 9, 14, 15, 20-22, 82, 86,
91-115 (passim), 156, 159, 163, 164
- -, nitrogen depletion 156
- -, phosphorus depletion 156
- -, zooplankton 156
Indo-Pacific (Indo-West-Pac.) 2, 7, 10, 11,
14,15,20,23,31,71,86,88-90,91-115,
137,144, 146, 153, 157-161, 169
- - biota 2, 23
- - distribution 153
- - element 88
- - fauna 10, 14, 15
- - immigrants 125, 141
- - realm 157,163
- -, record of distribution (of Lessepsian
migrants) 91-115
infralittoral 78, 123, 142, 147, 148
Interglacial 4,5,16-19,21,23-25,32,155,
158, 168
inter-oceanic canals and contacts 1, 2,
165-170
- -, faunal movements 170
intertidal 74, 80, 86, 142, 147, 148
- flats 86
- species, Mediterranean 80
- -, Red Sea 80
- -, Suez Canal 80
-, Suez Canal 80
- zonation pattern (Mikhmoret) 147
intraspecific competition 140
inversion of currents 17, 18
Ionian Sea 116, 165
Iskenderun 97,98, 104-107, 124, 129, 143
Isma'i1iya (Ismailia) 45, 56, 61, 92 (see also
Lake Timsah)
Israel (Mediterranean co ast) 11, 13, 18,31,
85,89,91-115,119-125,129,131,142148, 153, 155, 164
- coast, benthic profiles 143-146
- -, currents 124, 125
- -, fish fauna 153
- -, isobaths 124, 155
- -, isohaline contours 119
- -, Lessepsian migrants 131
- -, level bottoms 125,146
- -, nitrate nitrogen 120
-, organic content 124
- -, primary production 120
- -, salinity 126
- -, species advance 129
- -, temperatures 125
Israel fisheries 142-144
- shelf 121, 123
Isthmus element 75
"Isthmus fauna" 33, 72, 113, 115 (see also
Isthmus of Suez)
Isthmus of Panama 167, 168
Isthmus of Suez 6, 7, 15,20,23,24-34,39,
47, 55, 72, 167, 168
- - - fauna 33, 72
- - -, history of 24-30,34,39
- - -, lakes 27, 32, 72
Izmir 106, 107, 132
Jaffa (Yaffo) 96-99, 101, 113, 124, 146
Jiddah 91, 108
Jordan valley 18
Kabrit (Kabret) 25,27,44,53,56,57,61,95,
98, 103, 104, 106, 114, 160, 161
Kaiser-Wilhelm Canal, see Nord-Ostsee
Canal
Kantara, see Qantara
Karpathos 102, 132
Kiel, Bay of (Baltic Seal 165, 166
Krakatau 5-7
Iacustrine period 14
"Iago-mare" 12
lagoons 1, 11,25,27,31,32,34-38,42,45,
51,60,61,63,66,70,75,77,80,81,83,141,
157, 160
Lake(s), see Bitter Lake
Lake Gatun 167
Lake Manzala (Lake Menzaleh) 25,28,32,
34,35,41,42,44, 131
221
Haifa Bay 78,91-115 (passim), 122-126,
146, 147
- -, benthic fauna associations 146
Halig al Arab, see Arabs Gulf
"Halophila fauna" 80
harbour organisms 111
hard bottoms 64, 70, 79
Hathay-Euphrates divide 10
Hebrew University - Smithsonian Institution Joint Pro gram ("Biota of the Red
Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean")
49, 50, 56, 73, 129, 147
Herodotus 29
high-salinity environments 32, 36, 38, 51,
59,76-86, (passim)
Hipparchus (Hellenistic scienist) 27
holoplanktonic groups 77, 138, 139, 169
hot brines (Red Seal 21, 22
hyper-euryhalinity 82
hyperhaline 11, 73, 75, 77, 81
hypersaline, hypersalinity 11, 15, 19-21,
32, 35, 36,60, 75, 80, 81
Ibn Sirapiun (Arab geographer) 25, 27
ichthyoparasites 140 (see also parasitofauna)
immigration 123--127 (see also Lessepsian
Migration Levant shore)
Indian Ocean 1, 9, 14, 15, 20-22, 82, 86,
91-115 (passim), 156, 159, 163, 164
- -, nitrogen depletion 156
- -, phosphorus depletion 156
- -, zooplankton 156
Indo-Pacific (Indo-West-Pac.) 2, 7, 10, 11,
14,15,20,23,31,71,86,88-90,91-115,
137,144, 146, 153, 157-161, 169
- - biota 2, 23
- - distribution 153
- - element 88
- - fauna 10, 14, 15
- - immigrants 125, 141
- - realm 157,163
- -, record of distribution (of Lessepsian
migrants) 91-115
infralittoral 78, 123, 142, 147, 148
Interglacial 4,5,16-19,21,23-25,32,155,
158, 168
inter-oceanic canals and contacts 1, 2,
165-170
- -, faunal movements 170
intertidal 74, 80, 86, 142, 147, 148
- flats 86
- species, Mediterranean 80
- -, Red Sea 80
- -, Suez Canal 80
-, Suez Canal 80
- zonation pattern (Mikhmoret) 147
intraspecific competition 140
inversion of currents 17, 18
Ionian Sea 116, 165
Iskenderun 97,98, 104-107, 124, 129, 143
Isma'i1iya (Ismailia) 45, 56, 61, 92 (see also
Lake Timsah)
Israel (Mediterranean co ast) 11, 13, 18,31,
85,89,91-115,119-125,129,131,142148, 153, 155, 164
- coast, benthic profiles 143-146
- -, currents 124, 125
- -, fish fauna 153
- -, isobaths 124, 155
- -, isohaline contours 119
- -, Lessepsian migrants 131
- -, level bottoms 125,146
- -, nitrate nitrogen 120
-, organic content 124
- -, primary production 120
- -, salinity 126
- -, species advance 129
- -, temperatures 125
Israel fisheries 142-144
- shelf 121, 123
Isthmus element 75
"Isthmus fauna" 33, 72, 113, 115 (see also
Isthmus of Suez)
Isthmus of Panama 167, 168
Isthmus of Suez 6, 7, 15,20,23,24-34,39,
47, 55, 72, 167, 168
- - - fauna 33, 72
- - -, history of 24-30,34,39
- - -, lakes 27, 32, 72
Izmir 106, 107, 132
Jaffa (Yaffo) 96-99, 101, 113, 124, 146
Jiddah 91, 108
Jordan valley 18
Kabrit (Kabret) 25,27,44,53,56,57,61,95,
98, 103, 104, 106, 114, 160, 161
Kaiser-Wilhelm Canal, see Nord-Ostsee
Canal
Kantara, see Qantara
Karpathos 102, 132
Kiel, Bay of (Baltic Seal 165, 166
Krakatau 5-7
Iacustrine period 14
"Iago-mare" 12
lagoons 1, 11,25,27,31,32,34-38,42,45,
51,60,61,63,66,70,75,77,80,81,83,141,
157, 160
Lake(s), see Bitter Lake
Lake Gatun 167
Lake Manzala (Lake Menzaleh) 25,28,32,
34,35,41,42,44, 131