222
Subject and Geographical Index
Lake Miraflores 167
Lake Timsah 2, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 41, 42, 44,
45, 51, 53, 56, 57, 61-66, 71-73, 75,
79-81, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98, 99, 103, 104,
107, 110, 127, 158 (see also Suez
Canal)
- -, benthic animals 66
- -, bottom layer 61
- -, brackish areas 81
- -, currents from 158
- -, lagoons 42,45, 61, 75
- -,Iittoral zone 72
- -,oxygen 66
- -, saline stratification 61,66
- -, salinity 42,61,62,81, 127
- -, shell banks 72
- -, soft-bottom associations 79
- -, temperatures 56, 57
Lampedusa 105, 129, 136
larvae 38,71,77,78,80,81,95,97, 125, 137,
139
-, lecithotrophic 139
-, pelagic 78
-, planktonic 71,77,137,139
-, planktotrophic 139
larval plankton 77, 78
Lebanon (Lebanese coast) 18-20, 94, 96,
98,101,106,107,113,114,123-126,129,
131,142,164
Lessepsian migrants 1,2,8,31,32,71,87170 (see also migrant biota)
- -, bathymetric range of species 155
- -, colonizing success 141-153, 155
- -, commercial species (fish, shrimp)
143
- -, demersal fish 142
- -, depth limit 148
- -, - preference 149
- -, dispersal of 165
- -, distribution 132, 136--138
- -, - of decapod crustaceans 137
- -, - of fishes 136
- -, - of molluscs 138
- -, diversity 134--141
- -, ecological categories 142
- -,fish 90,103-107,115,127,132-136
140--144, 149, 151-155, 199-205
- -, High Probability (HPLM) 91-107,
127, 133-135, 142
- -, infralittoral 142
- -, intertidal 142
- -, invading species 156
- -, level-bottom macrofauna 142
- -, Low Probability (LPLM) 108-115,
127,135
- --:-, molluscs 156
- -, populations 148, 149, 152, 155
Lessepsian migrants, record of distribution
91-115
- -, rock dwelling fauna (intertidal) 142
- -, shrimp 143
- -, species 4--10, 132, 140, 142, 146,
148, 149, 153, 155, 157, 196--205
- -, successful 139,140,148
- -, temperature limit of 148, 154
- -, - sensitivity 155
- -, time-distance analysis 129-134
Lessepsian migration 1-3,7,8,38,71,
87-116, 123--127, 127-128, 153--157,
164, 165-170
- -, analysis of 127-128
- -, Aswan High Dam influence on 156
- -, future of 153--157
- -, introduction ofterm 1
- -, methodology of analysis 127-128
- -, model of 165-170
- -, process of 156
- -, species diversity 157
- -, zoogeographical consequences of
153--157
"Lessepsian province" 153, 154
- -, geographicallimits 154
Lessepsian Suez Canal 165, 166 (see also
Suez Canal)
Levant, Levantine 1, 2, 12, 15, 19, 48, 59,
102, 116-127, 129-133, 136, 143, 148,
149, 152-154, 156, 157
Levant Basin 116-127, 168 (see also
Eastern Mediterranean)
- -, biota 123, 153, 154
- -, carrying capacity (of the environment) 149
- -, compensation depth 120
- -, deep water layers 120
- -, definition of western limits 116
- -, evaporation (annual) 127
- -, impoverishment of species 121
- -, isotherms 118
- -, Lessepsian migrants (very common in)
152, 153
- -, nitrate nitrogen (NÜ3 values) 120
- -, nutrient-poor 156
- -, phosphorus values 120
- -, preadaptation to conditions in 158
- -, primary production 127
- -, salinity(ies) 119, 127, 157
- -, species diversity 121, 122
- -, temperatures 59, 119, 120, 127, 129
- -, trophic basis (framework) 149, 156,
157
Levantcoast 59,121,123,129,130,133,149,
154, 156 (see also Levant shore)
Levant Sea, see Levant Basin
Subject and Geographical Index
Lake Miraflores 167
Lake Timsah 2, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 41, 42, 44,
45, 51, 53, 56, 57, 61-66, 71-73, 75,
79-81, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98, 99, 103, 104,
107, 110, 127, 158 (see also Suez
Canal)
- -, benthic animals 66
- -, bottom layer 61
- -, brackish areas 81
- -, currents from 158
- -, lagoons 42,45, 61, 75
- -,Iittoral zone 72
- -,oxygen 66
- -, saline stratification 61,66
- -, salinity 42,61,62,81, 127
- -, shell banks 72
- -, soft-bottom associations 79
- -, temperatures 56, 57
Lampedusa 105, 129, 136
larvae 38,71,77,78,80,81,95,97, 125, 137,
139
-, lecithotrophic 139
-, pelagic 78
-, planktonic 71,77,137,139
-, planktotrophic 139
larval plankton 77, 78
Lebanon (Lebanese coast) 18-20, 94, 96,
98,101,106,107,113,114,123-126,129,
131,142,164
Lessepsian migrants 1,2,8,31,32,71,87170 (see also migrant biota)
- -, bathymetric range of species 155
- -, colonizing success 141-153, 155
- -, commercial species (fish, shrimp)
143
- -, demersal fish 142
- -, depth limit 148
- -, - preference 149
- -, dispersal of 165
- -, distribution 132, 136--138
- -, - of decapod crustaceans 137
- -, - of fishes 136
- -, - of molluscs 138
- -, diversity 134--141
- -, ecological categories 142
- -,fish 90,103-107,115,127,132-136
140--144, 149, 151-155, 199-205
- -, High Probability (HPLM) 91-107,
127, 133-135, 142
- -, infralittoral 142
- -, intertidal 142
- -, invading species 156
- -, level-bottom macrofauna 142
- -, Low Probability (LPLM) 108-115,
127,135
- --:-, molluscs 156
- -, populations 148, 149, 152, 155
Lessepsian migrants, record of distribution
91-115
- -, rock dwelling fauna (intertidal) 142
- -, shrimp 143
- -, species 4--10, 132, 140, 142, 146,
148, 149, 153, 155, 157, 196--205
- -, successful 139,140,148
- -, temperature limit of 148, 154
- -, - sensitivity 155
- -, time-distance analysis 129-134
Lessepsian migration 1-3,7,8,38,71,
87-116, 123--127, 127-128, 153--157,
164, 165-170
- -, analysis of 127-128
- -, Aswan High Dam influence on 156
- -, future of 153--157
- -, introduction ofterm 1
- -, methodology of analysis 127-128
- -, model of 165-170
- -, process of 156
- -, species diversity 157
- -, zoogeographical consequences of
153--157
"Lessepsian province" 153, 154
- -, geographicallimits 154
Lessepsian Suez Canal 165, 166 (see also
Suez Canal)
Levant, Levantine 1, 2, 12, 15, 19, 48, 59,
102, 116-127, 129-133, 136, 143, 148,
149, 152-154, 156, 157
Levant Basin 116-127, 168 (see also
Eastern Mediterranean)
- -, biota 123, 153, 154
- -, carrying capacity (of the environment) 149
- -, compensation depth 120
- -, deep water layers 120
- -, definition of western limits 116
- -, evaporation (annual) 127
- -, impoverishment of species 121
- -, isotherms 118
- -, Lessepsian migrants (very common in)
152, 153
- -, nitrate nitrogen (NÜ3 values) 120
- -, nutrient-poor 156
- -, phosphorus values 120
- -, preadaptation to conditions in 158
- -, primary production 127
- -, salinity(ies) 119, 127, 157
- -, species diversity 121, 122
- -, temperatures 59, 119, 120, 127, 129
- -, trophic basis (framework) 149, 156,
157
Levantcoast 59,121,123,129,130,133,149,
154, 156 (see also Levant shore)
Levant Sea, see Levant Basin