178
4 Molecular Evolution
259. Martin C. H. and Meyerowitz E. M.: Characterization of the boundaries between adjacent rapidly and
slowly evolving genomic regions in Drosophila. Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 8654-58 (1986)
260. Martin P. R et al.: UGA nonsense mutation in the
alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster. J. mol. BioI. 184: 221-229 (1985)
261. Martinez-Cruzado J. c.: Evolution of the autosomal
chorion cluster in Drosophila. IV. The Hawaiian Drosophila: Rapid protein evolution and constancy in the
rate of DNA divergence. J. mol. Evol. 31: 402-423
(1990)
262. Martins E., Mestriner M. A. and Contel E. P. B.:
Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Apis mellifera. Biochem. Genetics 15: 357-366 (1977)
263. Maruyama T. and Fuerst P. A.: Population bottlenecks and nonequilibrium models in population genetics. III. Genic homozygosity in populations which
experience periodic bottlenecks. Genetics 111:
691-703 (1985)
264. Matsuoka N., Chiba Y. and Saitoh K.: Allozymic
similarity in two species of the genus Brenthis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Compo Biochem. Physiol.
Pt. B 74: 385-387 (1983)
265. Matsuoka N. and Suzuki H.: Electrophoretic study
on the taxonomic relationship of the two morphologically very similar sea-urchins, Echinostrephus aciculatus and E. molaris. Compo Biochem. Physiol. Pt.
B 88: 637-641 (1987)
266. Maxson L. R.: Immunological detection of convergent evolution in the frog Anotheca spinosa. Syst.
Zool. 26: 72-76 (1977)
267. Maxson R. D. and Maxson L. R.: Micro-complement
fixation: A quantitative estimator of protein evolution. Mol. BioI. Evol. 3: 375-388 (1986)
268. McCarthy A. D., Goldring J. P. D. and Hardie D.
G.: Evidence that the multifunctional polypeptides of
vertebrate and fungal fatty acid synthases have arisen
by independent gene fusion events. FEBS Letters
162: 300-304 (1983)
269. McGinnisW., ShermoenA. W. and BeckendorfS. K.:
A transposable element inserted just 5' to a Drosophila glue protein gene alters gene expression and
chromatin structure. Cell 34: 75-84 (1983)
270. McLean M., Okubo C. K. and Tracey M. L.: mtDNA
heterogeneity in Panulirus argus. Experientia 39:
536-538 (1983)
271. McLeod M. J., Wynes D. L. and Guttman S.I.: Lack
of biochemical evidence for hybridization between
two species of darters. Compo Biochem. Physiol. Pt.
B 67: 323-325 (1980)
272. Meyer A. and Wilson A. C.: Origin of tetrapods inferred from their mitochondrial DNA affiliation to
lungfish. J. mol. Evol. 31: 359-364 (1990)
273. Meyer A. et al.: Monophyletic origin of Lake Victoria
cichlid fishes suggested by mitochondrial DNA
sequences. Nature 347: 550-553 (1990)
274. MeyerT. E., Cusanovich M. A. and Kamen M. D.:
Evidence against use of bacterial amino acid
sequence data for construction of all-inclusive phylogenetic trees. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 217-220
(1986)
275. Michelson A. M. and Orkin S. A.: Boundaries of
gene conversion within the duplicated human aglobin genes. Concerted evolution by segmental
recombination. J. bioI. Chern. 258: 15245-54 (1983)
276. Michelson A. M. et al.: Structure of human phosphoglycerate kinase gene and the intron-mediated
evolution and dispersal of the nucleotide-binding
domain. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 6965-69
(1985)
277. Minghetti P. P., Law S. W. and Dugaiczyk A.: The
rate of molecular evolution of a-fetoprotein approaches that of pseudogenes. Mol. BioI. Evol. 2:
347-358 (1985)
278. Miyazaki J. I., Sekiguchi K. and Hirabayashi T.:
Application of an improved method of twodimensional electrophoresis to the systematic study
of horseshoe crabs. BioI. Bull. 172: 212-224 (1987)
279. Mohrenweiser, H. W. and Neel J. v.: Frequency of
thermostability variants - Estimation of total rare
variant frequency in human populations. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. USA 78: 5729-33 (1981)
280. Monnat R. J. and Loeb L. A.: Nucleotide sequence
preservation of human mitochondrial DNA. Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 2895-99 (1985)
281. Mort M. A. and Wolf H. G.: Enzyme variability in
large-lake Daphnia populations. Heredity 55: 27-36
(1985)
282. Mueller L. D., Barr L. G. and Ayala R J.: Natural
selection vs. random drift: evidence from temporal
variation in allele frequencies in nature. Genetics 111:
517-554 (1985)
283. Mukai T., Harada K. and Yoshimaru H.: Spontaneous mutations modifying the activity of alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH) in Drosophila melanogaster.
Genetics 106: 73-84 (1984)
284. Narang S.: Genetic variability in natural popUlations,
evidence in support of the selectionist view. Experientia 36: 50-51 (1980)
285. Narise S.: Purification and biochemical properties of
allelic forms of cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase from Drosophila viridis. Biochim.
biophys. Acta 615: 289-298 (1980)
286. Needleman S. B. and Wunsch C. D.: A general
method applicable to the search for similarities in the
amino acid sequence of two proteins. J. mol. BioI. 48:
443-453 (1970)
287. Neel J. V. and Rothman E.: Is there a difference
among human populations in the rate with which
mutation produces electrophoretic variants? Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 3108-12 (1981)
288. Neel J. V. et al.: The rate with which spontaneous
mutation alters the electrophoretic mobility of polypeptides. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 389-393
(1986)
289. Nei M.: Standard error of immunological dating of
evolutionary time. J. mol. Evol. 9: 203-211 (1977)
290. Nei M. and Tajima R: DNA polymorphism detectable
by restriction endonucleases. Genetics 97: 145-163
(1981)
291. Nei M. and Tajima R: Maximum likelihood estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions from
restriction sites data. Genetics 105: 207-217 (1983)
292. Nei M., Tajima Rand Tateno Y.: Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. II. Frequency data. J. mol. Evol. 19: 153-170 (1983)
293. Nei M. and Koehn R. K. (eds.): Evolution of genes
and proteins. Sinauer Assoc., Sunderland 1983
294. Nei M. and Graur D.: Extent of protein polymorphism and the neutral mutation theory. In : Evolutionary Biology Vol. 17, pp. 73-118. Plenum, New York
1984
4 Molecular Evolution
259. Martin C. H. and Meyerowitz E. M.: Characterization of the boundaries between adjacent rapidly and
slowly evolving genomic regions in Drosophila. Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 8654-58 (1986)
260. Martin P. R et al.: UGA nonsense mutation in the
alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster. J. mol. BioI. 184: 221-229 (1985)
261. Martinez-Cruzado J. c.: Evolution of the autosomal
chorion cluster in Drosophila. IV. The Hawaiian Drosophila: Rapid protein evolution and constancy in the
rate of DNA divergence. J. mol. Evol. 31: 402-423
(1990)
262. Martins E., Mestriner M. A. and Contel E. P. B.:
Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Apis mellifera. Biochem. Genetics 15: 357-366 (1977)
263. Maruyama T. and Fuerst P. A.: Population bottlenecks and nonequilibrium models in population genetics. III. Genic homozygosity in populations which
experience periodic bottlenecks. Genetics 111:
691-703 (1985)
264. Matsuoka N., Chiba Y. and Saitoh K.: Allozymic
similarity in two species of the genus Brenthis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Compo Biochem. Physiol.
Pt. B 74: 385-387 (1983)
265. Matsuoka N. and Suzuki H.: Electrophoretic study
on the taxonomic relationship of the two morphologically very similar sea-urchins, Echinostrephus aciculatus and E. molaris. Compo Biochem. Physiol. Pt.
B 88: 637-641 (1987)
266. Maxson L. R.: Immunological detection of convergent evolution in the frog Anotheca spinosa. Syst.
Zool. 26: 72-76 (1977)
267. Maxson R. D. and Maxson L. R.: Micro-complement
fixation: A quantitative estimator of protein evolution. Mol. BioI. Evol. 3: 375-388 (1986)
268. McCarthy A. D., Goldring J. P. D. and Hardie D.
G.: Evidence that the multifunctional polypeptides of
vertebrate and fungal fatty acid synthases have arisen
by independent gene fusion events. FEBS Letters
162: 300-304 (1983)
269. McGinnisW., ShermoenA. W. and BeckendorfS. K.:
A transposable element inserted just 5' to a Drosophila glue protein gene alters gene expression and
chromatin structure. Cell 34: 75-84 (1983)
270. McLean M., Okubo C. K. and Tracey M. L.: mtDNA
heterogeneity in Panulirus argus. Experientia 39:
536-538 (1983)
271. McLeod M. J., Wynes D. L. and Guttman S.I.: Lack
of biochemical evidence for hybridization between
two species of darters. Compo Biochem. Physiol. Pt.
B 67: 323-325 (1980)
272. Meyer A. and Wilson A. C.: Origin of tetrapods inferred from their mitochondrial DNA affiliation to
lungfish. J. mol. Evol. 31: 359-364 (1990)
273. Meyer A. et al.: Monophyletic origin of Lake Victoria
cichlid fishes suggested by mitochondrial DNA
sequences. Nature 347: 550-553 (1990)
274. MeyerT. E., Cusanovich M. A. and Kamen M. D.:
Evidence against use of bacterial amino acid
sequence data for construction of all-inclusive phylogenetic trees. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 217-220
(1986)
275. Michelson A. M. and Orkin S. A.: Boundaries of
gene conversion within the duplicated human aglobin genes. Concerted evolution by segmental
recombination. J. bioI. Chern. 258: 15245-54 (1983)
276. Michelson A. M. et al.: Structure of human phosphoglycerate kinase gene and the intron-mediated
evolution and dispersal of the nucleotide-binding
domain. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 6965-69
(1985)
277. Minghetti P. P., Law S. W. and Dugaiczyk A.: The
rate of molecular evolution of a-fetoprotein approaches that of pseudogenes. Mol. BioI. Evol. 2:
347-358 (1985)
278. Miyazaki J. I., Sekiguchi K. and Hirabayashi T.:
Application of an improved method of twodimensional electrophoresis to the systematic study
of horseshoe crabs. BioI. Bull. 172: 212-224 (1987)
279. Mohrenweiser, H. W. and Neel J. v.: Frequency of
thermostability variants - Estimation of total rare
variant frequency in human populations. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. USA 78: 5729-33 (1981)
280. Monnat R. J. and Loeb L. A.: Nucleotide sequence
preservation of human mitochondrial DNA. Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 2895-99 (1985)
281. Mort M. A. and Wolf H. G.: Enzyme variability in
large-lake Daphnia populations. Heredity 55: 27-36
(1985)
282. Mueller L. D., Barr L. G. and Ayala R J.: Natural
selection vs. random drift: evidence from temporal
variation in allele frequencies in nature. Genetics 111:
517-554 (1985)
283. Mukai T., Harada K. and Yoshimaru H.: Spontaneous mutations modifying the activity of alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH) in Drosophila melanogaster.
Genetics 106: 73-84 (1984)
284. Narang S.: Genetic variability in natural popUlations,
evidence in support of the selectionist view. Experientia 36: 50-51 (1980)
285. Narise S.: Purification and biochemical properties of
allelic forms of cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase from Drosophila viridis. Biochim.
biophys. Acta 615: 289-298 (1980)
286. Needleman S. B. and Wunsch C. D.: A general
method applicable to the search for similarities in the
amino acid sequence of two proteins. J. mol. BioI. 48:
443-453 (1970)
287. Neel J. V. and Rothman E.: Is there a difference
among human populations in the rate with which
mutation produces electrophoretic variants? Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 3108-12 (1981)
288. Neel J. V. et al.: The rate with which spontaneous
mutation alters the electrophoretic mobility of polypeptides. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 389-393
(1986)
289. Nei M.: Standard error of immunological dating of
evolutionary time. J. mol. Evol. 9: 203-211 (1977)
290. Nei M. and Tajima R: DNA polymorphism detectable
by restriction endonucleases. Genetics 97: 145-163
(1981)
291. Nei M. and Tajima R: Maximum likelihood estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions from
restriction sites data. Genetics 105: 207-217 (1983)
292. Nei M., Tajima Rand Tateno Y.: Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. II. Frequency data. J. mol. Evol. 19: 153-170 (1983)
293. Nei M. and Koehn R. K. (eds.): Evolution of genes
and proteins. Sinauer Assoc., Sunderland 1983
294. Nei M. and Graur D.: Extent of protein polymorphism and the neutral mutation theory. In : Evolutionary Biology Vol. 17, pp. 73-118. Plenum, New York
1984