174
4 Molecular Evolution
97. Doolittle R. F. et al.: A natural occurring horizontal
gene transfer from a eukaryote to a prokaryote. J.
mol. Evol. 31: 383-388 (1990)
98. Dover G. A and Flavell R. B. (eds.): Genome evolution. Acad. Press, New York 1982
99. Dwulet F. E. and Putnam F. w.: Internal duplication
and evolution of human ceruloplasmin. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. USA 78: 2805-09 (1981)
100. Eanes W. F., Katona L. and Longtine M.: Comparison of in vitro and in vivo activities associated with
the G6PD allozyme polymorphism in Drosophila
melanogaster. Genetics 125: 845-853 (1990)
101. Easteal S. and Oakeshott J. G.: Estimating divergence times of Drosophila species from DNA
sequence comparisons. Mol. BioI. Evol. 2: 87-91
(1985)
102. Easteal S.: Generation time and the rate of molecular
evolution. Mol. BioI. Evol. 2: 450-453 (1985)
103. Echelle A. A. et al.: Mitochondrial-DNA diversity
and the origin of the Menidia-clarkhubbsi complex of
unisexual fishes (Atherinidae). Evolution 43:
984-993 (1989)
104. Eickbush T. H. and Burke W. D.: The silkmoth late
chorion locus. II. Gradients of gene conversion in
two paired multigene families. J. mol. BioI. 190:
357-366 (1986)
105. Eisses K. T. et al.: Analysis of the gene encoding the
multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase allozyme
ADH-71k of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. BioI.
Evol. 7: 459-469 (1990)
106. Eldredge N. and Stanley S. M. (eds.): Livings fossils.
Springer, Berlin 1984
107. Eldredge N.: Time frames: The rethinking of Darwinian evolution and the theory of punctuated equilibria. Simon & Schuster, New York 1985
108. Ewens W. J., Spielman R. S. and Harris H.: Estimation of genetic variation at the DNA level from
restriction endonuclease data. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
USA 78: 3748-50 (1981)
109. Farmer J. L. and Carter M. w.: Properties og partially purified allozymes of esterase-5 of Drosophila
pseudoobscura. Compo Biochem. Physiol. Pt. B 93:
451-458 (1989)
110. Feder J. H.: Natural hybridization and genetic
divergence between toads Bufo borealis and Bufo
punctatus. Evolution 33: 1089-97 (1979)
111. Felsenstein J. (ed.): Numerical taxonomy. Springer,
Berlin 1983
112. Felsenstein J.: Phylogenies from molecular sequences: Inference and reliability. Annual Rev. Genet. 22:
521-565 (1988)
113. Feng D. F., Johnson M. S. and Doolittle R. F.: Aligning amino acid sequences: Comparison of commonly
used methods. J. mol. Evol. 21: 112-125 (1985)
114. Feng D. F. and Doolittle R. F.: Progressive sequence
alignment as a prerequisite to correct phylogenetic
trees. J. mol. Evol. 25: 351-352 (1987)
115. Ferguson A.: Biochemical systematics and evolution.
Blackie, Glasgow 1980
116. Ferris S. D. and Whitt G. S.: Evolution of the differential regulation of duplicate genes after polyploidization. J. mol. Evol. 12: 267-317 (1979)
117. Ferris S. D. et al.: Extensive polymorphism in the
mitochondrial DNA of apes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
USA 78: 6319-23 (1981)
118. Ferris S. D., Sage R. D. and Wilson A C.: Evidence
from mtDNA sequences that common laboratory
strains of inbred mice are descended from a single
female. Nature 295: 163-165 (1982)
119. Field K. G. et al.: Molecular phylogeny ofthe animal
kingdom. Science 239: 748-753 (1988)
120. Fitch W. M. and Margoliash E.: Construction of phylogenetic trees. Science 155: 279-284 (1967)
121. Fitch W. M.: The molecular evolution of cytochrome
c in eukaryotes. J. mol. Evol. 8: 13-40 (1976)
122. Fitch W. M.: The challenges to darwinism since the
last centennial and the impact of molecular studies.
Evolution 36: 1133-43 (1982)
123. Formas J. R., Vera M.I. and Lacrampe S.: Allozymic
and morphological differentiation in the South American frog genus Eupsophus. Compo Biochem. Physiol. Pt. B 75: 475-478 (1983)
124. Freeth A. L., Gibson J. B. and de Couet H. G.: The
partial characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase
null alleles from natural populations of Drosophila
melanogaster. Biochem. Genetics 24: 957-972 (1986)
125. Fuerst P. A., Chakraborty R. and Nei M.: Statistical
studies on protein polymorphism in natural populations. I. Distribution of single locus heterozygosity.
Genetics 86: 455-483 (1977)
126. Garciadorado A: The effect of niche preference on
polymorphism protection in a heterogenous environment. Evolution 40: 936-945 (1986)
127. Gardenal C. N., Sabattini M. S. and Blanco A.:
Enzyme polymorphism in a population of Calomys
musculinus (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Biochem. Genetics 18: 563-575 (1980)
128. Gauldie R. w., Purnell D. and Robertson D. A.:
Some biochemical similarities and differences
between two jack mackerel species, Trachurus declivis and T. novaezelandiae. Compo Biochem. Physiol.
Pt. B 58: 389-391 (1977)
129. Gelinas R. et al.: G to A substitution in the distal
CCAAT box of the A-gamma-globin gene in Greek
hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Nature
313: 323-325 (1985)
130. Goeorge jr. M and Ryder o. A: Mitochondrial DNA
evolution in the genus Equus. Mol. BioI. Evol. 3:
535-546 (1986)
131. Georgiev G. P.: Mobile genetic elements in animal
cells and their biological significance. Eur. J. Biochern. 145: 203-220 (1984)
132. Ghazal P., Clark A. J. and Bishop J. 0.: Evolutionary amplification of a pseudogene. Proc. Nat. Acad.
Sci. USA 82: 4182-85 (1985)
133. Ghiretti-Magaldi A and Tamino G.: Evolutionary
studies on haemocyanin. In: Bannister J. Y. (ed.):
Structure and function of haemocyanin, pp. 271-278.
Springer, Berlin 1977
134. Gibson J. B. and Wilks A. Y.: Molecular structure of
a naturally occurring alcohol dehydrogenase null
activity alelle in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem.
Genet. 27: 679-688 (1989)
135. Gillespie J. H.: Could natural selection account for
molecular evolution and polymorphism? Genome 31:
311-315 (1989)
136. Godine J. E., Chin W. W. and Habener J. F.: Subunit
of rat pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Trimary structure of the precursor determined from the nucleotide
sequence of cloned DNAs. J. bioI. Chern. 257:
8368-71 (1982)
137. Golding G. B. and Glickman B. w.: Sequencedirected mutagenesis: Evidence from a pylogenetic
4 Molecular Evolution
97. Doolittle R. F. et al.: A natural occurring horizontal
gene transfer from a eukaryote to a prokaryote. J.
mol. Evol. 31: 383-388 (1990)
98. Dover G. A and Flavell R. B. (eds.): Genome evolution. Acad. Press, New York 1982
99. Dwulet F. E. and Putnam F. w.: Internal duplication
and evolution of human ceruloplasmin. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. USA 78: 2805-09 (1981)
100. Eanes W. F., Katona L. and Longtine M.: Comparison of in vitro and in vivo activities associated with
the G6PD allozyme polymorphism in Drosophila
melanogaster. Genetics 125: 845-853 (1990)
101. Easteal S. and Oakeshott J. G.: Estimating divergence times of Drosophila species from DNA
sequence comparisons. Mol. BioI. Evol. 2: 87-91
(1985)
102. Easteal S.: Generation time and the rate of molecular
evolution. Mol. BioI. Evol. 2: 450-453 (1985)
103. Echelle A. A. et al.: Mitochondrial-DNA diversity
and the origin of the Menidia-clarkhubbsi complex of
unisexual fishes (Atherinidae). Evolution 43:
984-993 (1989)
104. Eickbush T. H. and Burke W. D.: The silkmoth late
chorion locus. II. Gradients of gene conversion in
two paired multigene families. J. mol. BioI. 190:
357-366 (1986)
105. Eisses K. T. et al.: Analysis of the gene encoding the
multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase allozyme
ADH-71k of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. BioI.
Evol. 7: 459-469 (1990)
106. Eldredge N. and Stanley S. M. (eds.): Livings fossils.
Springer, Berlin 1984
107. Eldredge N.: Time frames: The rethinking of Darwinian evolution and the theory of punctuated equilibria. Simon & Schuster, New York 1985
108. Ewens W. J., Spielman R. S. and Harris H.: Estimation of genetic variation at the DNA level from
restriction endonuclease data. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
USA 78: 3748-50 (1981)
109. Farmer J. L. and Carter M. w.: Properties og partially purified allozymes of esterase-5 of Drosophila
pseudoobscura. Compo Biochem. Physiol. Pt. B 93:
451-458 (1989)
110. Feder J. H.: Natural hybridization and genetic
divergence between toads Bufo borealis and Bufo
punctatus. Evolution 33: 1089-97 (1979)
111. Felsenstein J. (ed.): Numerical taxonomy. Springer,
Berlin 1983
112. Felsenstein J.: Phylogenies from molecular sequences: Inference and reliability. Annual Rev. Genet. 22:
521-565 (1988)
113. Feng D. F., Johnson M. S. and Doolittle R. F.: Aligning amino acid sequences: Comparison of commonly
used methods. J. mol. Evol. 21: 112-125 (1985)
114. Feng D. F. and Doolittle R. F.: Progressive sequence
alignment as a prerequisite to correct phylogenetic
trees. J. mol. Evol. 25: 351-352 (1987)
115. Ferguson A.: Biochemical systematics and evolution.
Blackie, Glasgow 1980
116. Ferris S. D. and Whitt G. S.: Evolution of the differential regulation of duplicate genes after polyploidization. J. mol. Evol. 12: 267-317 (1979)
117. Ferris S. D. et al.: Extensive polymorphism in the
mitochondrial DNA of apes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
USA 78: 6319-23 (1981)
118. Ferris S. D., Sage R. D. and Wilson A C.: Evidence
from mtDNA sequences that common laboratory
strains of inbred mice are descended from a single
female. Nature 295: 163-165 (1982)
119. Field K. G. et al.: Molecular phylogeny ofthe animal
kingdom. Science 239: 748-753 (1988)
120. Fitch W. M. and Margoliash E.: Construction of phylogenetic trees. Science 155: 279-284 (1967)
121. Fitch W. M.: The molecular evolution of cytochrome
c in eukaryotes. J. mol. Evol. 8: 13-40 (1976)
122. Fitch W. M.: The challenges to darwinism since the
last centennial and the impact of molecular studies.
Evolution 36: 1133-43 (1982)
123. Formas J. R., Vera M.I. and Lacrampe S.: Allozymic
and morphological differentiation in the South American frog genus Eupsophus. Compo Biochem. Physiol. Pt. B 75: 475-478 (1983)
124. Freeth A. L., Gibson J. B. and de Couet H. G.: The
partial characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase
null alleles from natural populations of Drosophila
melanogaster. Biochem. Genetics 24: 957-972 (1986)
125. Fuerst P. A., Chakraborty R. and Nei M.: Statistical
studies on protein polymorphism in natural populations. I. Distribution of single locus heterozygosity.
Genetics 86: 455-483 (1977)
126. Garciadorado A: The effect of niche preference on
polymorphism protection in a heterogenous environment. Evolution 40: 936-945 (1986)
127. Gardenal C. N., Sabattini M. S. and Blanco A.:
Enzyme polymorphism in a population of Calomys
musculinus (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Biochem. Genetics 18: 563-575 (1980)
128. Gauldie R. w., Purnell D. and Robertson D. A.:
Some biochemical similarities and differences
between two jack mackerel species, Trachurus declivis and T. novaezelandiae. Compo Biochem. Physiol.
Pt. B 58: 389-391 (1977)
129. Gelinas R. et al.: G to A substitution in the distal
CCAAT box of the A-gamma-globin gene in Greek
hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Nature
313: 323-325 (1985)
130. Goeorge jr. M and Ryder o. A: Mitochondrial DNA
evolution in the genus Equus. Mol. BioI. Evol. 3:
535-546 (1986)
131. Georgiev G. P.: Mobile genetic elements in animal
cells and their biological significance. Eur. J. Biochern. 145: 203-220 (1984)
132. Ghazal P., Clark A. J. and Bishop J. 0.: Evolutionary amplification of a pseudogene. Proc. Nat. Acad.
Sci. USA 82: 4182-85 (1985)
133. Ghiretti-Magaldi A and Tamino G.: Evolutionary
studies on haemocyanin. In: Bannister J. Y. (ed.):
Structure and function of haemocyanin, pp. 271-278.
Springer, Berlin 1977
134. Gibson J. B. and Wilks A. Y.: Molecular structure of
a naturally occurring alcohol dehydrogenase null
activity alelle in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem.
Genet. 27: 679-688 (1989)
135. Gillespie J. H.: Could natural selection account for
molecular evolution and polymorphism? Genome 31:
311-315 (1989)
136. Godine J. E., Chin W. W. and Habener J. F.: Subunit
of rat pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Trimary structure of the precursor determined from the nucleotide
sequence of cloned DNAs. J. bioI. Chern. 257:
8368-71 (1982)
137. Golding G. B. and Glickman B. w.: Sequencedirected mutagenesis: Evidence from a pylogenetic