Contents
ix
IV. Inorganic Carbon Uptake Mechanisms
325
V. Rates of C i Uptake
326
VI. Photosynthetic Efficiency, Light-Harvesting and the Package Effect
328
VII. Mechanisms of CO 2 Fixation, CAM, Photorespiration and Oxygen Cycles
329
VIII. Fluorescence Studies
330
IX.
337
X. Initial Photosynthetic Products in Seagrass Leaves
338
XI. Translocation and Exudation
338
XII. Storage and Utilisation
339
XIII. Secondary Metabolites and Chemotaxonomy
340
XIV. Summary
341
Acknowledgements
342
References
342
15 Remote Sensing of Seagrass Ecosystems: Use of Spaceborne
and Airborne Sensors
Arnold Dekker, Vittorio Brando, Janet Anstee, Suzanne Fyfe,
Timothy Malthus and Evanthia Karpouzli
I.
Introduction
347
II. Principles of Remote Sensing of Seagrass Ecosystems
350
III. Optical Properties of the Overlying Water Column
351
IV. Optically Deep and Shallow Waters: Physical Definitions
353
V. Methodological Approaches to Assessing Seagrass Ecosystem
Characteristics from Remote Sensing
355
VI. Conclusions, Recommendations, and Outlook
357
References
358
16 Zostera: Biology, Ecology, and Management
361–386
Kenneth A. Moore and Frederick T. Short
I.
Introduction
361
II. Comparative Biology
361
III. Ecology
370
IV. Management and Restoration
372
V. Future Research Needs
378
References
378
17 Biology of Posidonia
387–408
G ´
erard Pergent, Gilles Lepoint, Jean-Marie Bouquegneau,
Patrick Dauby, Christine Pergent-Martini, and Diana I. Walker
I.
Introduction
378
II. Systematics
388
III. Distribution of the Genus
388
IV. Development of Meadows and Patches
391
V. Biomass Dynamics and Production of the Plant
391
Leaf Anatomy, Oxygen Effects and Depth Limitations in Seagrasses
347–359
Sylvie Gobert, Marion L. Cambridge, Branco Velimirov,