Contents
vii
8
Fluid Dynamics in Seagrass Ecology—from Molecules
to Ecosystems
Evamaria W. Koch, Joseph D. Ackerman, Jennifer Verduin
and Michael van Keulen
I.
Introduction
193
II. Fluid Dynamics: Fundamentals
194
III. Micro-Scale Processes at the Molecular Level (µm)
198
IV. Processes at the Shoot Level (mm–cm)
200
V. Processes at the Canopy Level (m)
205
VI. Hydrodynamically-Mediated Processes at the Landscape Level
(100–1000 m)
212
VII. Hydrodynamic Processes at the Meso-Scale Level (>1,000 m)
216
VIII. Summary and Outlook
218
Acknowledgments
219
References
219
9
Nutrients Dynamics in Seagrass Ecosystems
227–254
Javier Romero, Kun-Seop Lee, Marta P ´
erez, Miguel A. Mateo,
and Teresa Alcoverro
I. Introduction
227
II. Nutrient Economy: Acquisition, Transport, and Storage
228
III. Nutrient Fluxes in Seagrass Ecosystems
235
IV.
243
V. Conclusion and Future Goals
247
Acknowledgments
248
References
248
10 Oxygen Movement in Seagrasses
255–270
Jens Borum, Kaj Sand-Jensen, Thomas Binzer, Ole Pedersen,
and Tina Maria Greve
I.
General Introduction
255
II. Measuring Oxygen Dynamics and Transport
256
III. Oxygen Sources
257
IV. Oxygen Sinks
260
V. Internal Movement of Oxygen
263
VI. In Situ Oxygen Variability in Seagrass
265
VII. Anoxia and Seagrass Die-off
267
VIII. Summary
267
Acknowledgments
268
References
268
193–225
Nutrient Limitation and Nutrient Imbalances