Index
651
Bending cycles, 209
benthic boundary layer, (BBL), 99, 196, 201, 205, 218
benthic habitats, 286
benthic macroalgae, 161, 490
benthic microbial communities, 135
benthic plant species, 348
benthic production, 371
benthic reflectance, 348
Bernoulli’s principle, 195
bicarbonate, 142, 325
bifid stigmas, 105
‘birth’ and death of shoots, 280
bilocular anthers, 71
bio-availability, 581
bioaccumulation of herbicides, 579
biochemical mechanisms, 324
biodiversity, 25, 492, 595–597, 606
Biogeochemistry
bacteria, 138
Bahama sediments, 142
benthic microbial communities, 135
CaCO 3 production, 142
carbonate dissolution, 142, 144
carbonic–carbonate system, 141
denitrification, 145
detritus, 138
diagenic model, 142
DIC
carbonic–carbonate system, 141
oxygen effects, 141
sediments, 141
DOM
C/N ratio, 139
exudation, 139
seasonal effects, 139
engineering role of seagrass, 151
eutrophication, 149
iron cycling, 150
macro-suspension feeders, 136
microbial activity, 145
mineralization, 136, 145
nitrification, 145
nitrogen cycling, 145
nitrogen fixation, 145
nutrient cycling, 145
organic matter, 144
oxic microzone, 141, 149
oxygen concentration, 144
particle trapping, 136
Filter, Feeders, 137
passive, 137
pH, 141
phosphorus cycling, 150
phosphorus limitation, 150
phosphorus sinks, 150
POM, 137
fractions, 138
productivity, 142
redox potential, 144
sediments, 145
iron cycling, 148
penetration of oxygen, 148
process rates, 147
sulphar cycling, 148
seston, 139
sulfate accumulation, 150
sulfide, 149
sulfur cycling, 150
suspended particle load, 136
uptake of phosphate, 150
biogeographic, 515
biogeography, 1, 16
Africa, 16
anthropogenic introductions, 17
Arctic Sea, 17
distribution of seagrasses, 16
evolution of genera, 16
Indo-West Pacific, 16
Mediterranean, 16
Posidonia, 10
temperate genera, 17
Tropic of Cancer, 16
Tropic of Capricorn, 17
tropical Atlantic, 16
biology of seagrasses, 25
biomass, 206, 245, 287
biomass and productivity models, 163
biomass surface area seagrass density, 538
biomass variability, 285
biome, 597
biomechanical properties, 218
biomechanics, 200
biomonitors, 581
bioregion, 614
definition, 614
biotic agents, 122, 123
bioturbating organisms, 632
bioturbation, 640
birds, 205
bisexual (hermaphrodite), 74
Black Sea, 2
blade epidermal cells, 61, 64
blowouts, 213, 284, 632
blue crabs, 489, 633
blue mussel, 208
boat activity, 374
Botany Bay, 506
bottom reflectance, 354, 355
bottom-up and top-down regulation, 247, 464, 469, 486
Boundaries, 638
boundary layer, 98, 100, 195, 196, 198, 203, 259, 453
benthic, 195
diffusion sublayer, 195
diffusive sublayer, 195
effect of water flow, 258
inertial sublayer, 195
laminar sublayer, 195
logarithmic, 195
thickness, 258
viscous sublayer, 195
branching frequency, 246
bristles, 78
651
Bending cycles, 209
benthic boundary layer, (BBL), 99, 196, 201, 205, 218
benthic habitats, 286
benthic macroalgae, 161, 490
benthic microbial communities, 135
benthic plant species, 348
benthic production, 371
benthic reflectance, 348
Bernoulli’s principle, 195
bicarbonate, 142, 325
bifid stigmas, 105
‘birth’ and death of shoots, 280
bilocular anthers, 71
bio-availability, 581
bioaccumulation of herbicides, 579
biochemical mechanisms, 324
biodiversity, 25, 492, 595–597, 606
Biogeochemistry
bacteria, 138
Bahama sediments, 142
benthic microbial communities, 135
CaCO 3 production, 142
carbonate dissolution, 142, 144
carbonic–carbonate system, 141
denitrification, 145
detritus, 138
diagenic model, 142
DIC
carbonic–carbonate system, 141
oxygen effects, 141
sediments, 141
DOM
C/N ratio, 139
exudation, 139
seasonal effects, 139
engineering role of seagrass, 151
eutrophication, 149
iron cycling, 150
macro-suspension feeders, 136
microbial activity, 145
mineralization, 136, 145
nitrification, 145
nitrogen cycling, 145
nitrogen fixation, 145
nutrient cycling, 145
organic matter, 144
oxic microzone, 141, 149
oxygen concentration, 144
particle trapping, 136
Filter, Feeders, 137
passive, 137
pH, 141
phosphorus cycling, 150
phosphorus limitation, 150
phosphorus sinks, 150
POM, 137
fractions, 138
productivity, 142
redox potential, 144
sediments, 145
iron cycling, 148
penetration of oxygen, 148
process rates, 147
sulphar cycling, 148
seston, 139
sulfate accumulation, 150
sulfide, 149
sulfur cycling, 150
suspended particle load, 136
uptake of phosphate, 150
biogeographic, 515
biogeography, 1, 16
Africa, 16
anthropogenic introductions, 17
Arctic Sea, 17
distribution of seagrasses, 16
evolution of genera, 16
Indo-West Pacific, 16
Mediterranean, 16
Posidonia, 10
temperate genera, 17
Tropic of Cancer, 16
Tropic of Capricorn, 17
tropical Atlantic, 16
biology of seagrasses, 25
biomass, 206, 245, 287
biomass and productivity models, 163
biomass surface area seagrass density, 538
biomass variability, 285
biome, 597
biomechanical properties, 218
biomechanics, 200
biomonitors, 581
bioregion, 614
definition, 614
biotic agents, 122, 123
bioturbating organisms, 632
bioturbation, 640
birds, 205
bisexual (hermaphrodite), 74
Black Sea, 2
blade epidermal cells, 61, 64
blowouts, 213, 284, 632
blue crabs, 489, 633
blue mussel, 208
boat activity, 374
Botany Bay, 506
bottom reflectance, 354, 355
bottom-up and top-down regulation, 247, 464, 469, 486
Boundaries, 638
boundary layer, 98, 100, 195, 196, 198, 203, 259, 453
benthic, 195
diffusion sublayer, 195
diffusive sublayer, 195
effect of water flow, 258
inertial sublayer, 195
laminar sublayer, 195
logarithmic, 195
thickness, 258
viscous sublayer, 195
branching frequency, 246
bristles, 78