652
Index
British Columbia, 370
broadband irradiance, 300
broadscale, 527
Bryozoans, 449, 450
Bubble formation, 261
bucktooth, 482
bundle sheath cells, 66, 69
burial by sediments, 241, 576
burial rate of nutrients, 242
burial, export, 243
C 3 or C 4 anatomy, 61
C 4 plants, 323
C 4 metabolism, 329
δ
13 evidence, 329
Thalassodendron, 329
C i Uptake
leaf anatomy, 326
C/N, 139
C/N ratios, 469, 482
Ca-bound P, 241
CA-linked HCO
−
3 , 326
Cadmium, 570
calcareous organisms, 442
calcium carbonate deposition, 143
calcium carbonate production, 143, 144, 412
California, 365, 600
Callinectes sapidus, 633
callose, 56, 77
Calvin-Benson Cycle, 329
CAM, Photorespiration, 329
Campey, 11
Canada, 5
Canopies
downwelling irradiance, 311
irradiance distribution, 311
irradiance spectra, 311
leaf area index, 314
light fields, 311
radiative transfer, 309
reflected light, 311
scattering, 311
self-shading, 311
upward irradiance, 311
vertical distribution of biomass, 308
Canopy, 208, 311, 315
leaf, 314
light field, 314
Canopy Density, 313
canopy flow, 101
canopy friction, 197
canopy height, 306
canopy production, 313
canopy water, 397
Cape Province, 5
capillary waves, 197
carbohydrate reserves, 339
carbohydrates, 234
carbon, 247
Carbon and Nitrogen, 395
carbon assimilation efficiency, 168
carbon budgets, 179, 180
Posidonia oceanica, 180
Carbon dynamics, 395
carbon flux, 159
above-ground, 160, 169
annual budget, 181
assimilation efficiency, 168
export, 168
autochthonous macroalgae production, 174
banquettes, 170
below-ground, 169
burail, 183
carbon budgets, 179, 180
carbon sinks, 180
carbon sinks, 179, 180
contribution of epiphytes, 161
contribution of microalgae, 161
‘cultivation’ feeding pattern, 165
δ
13 C, 174
δ
15 N
landscape level, 178
decay rates, 169
equation, 169
decomposition, 168
decomposition pathway, 171
detrital pathway, 172, 173
detrital production, 164
ecosystem autotrophic components, 177
effect of light attenuation, 164
equation, 169
eutrophication, 163
export, 167–169
exudates, 179
fate of carbon, 163, 167
feeding patterns
sea urchins, 165
formation and destruction of banquettes, 171
future studies, 185
carbon flux
Halophila stipulacea, 180
herbivores, 168
herbivory, 165, 168
isotope studies, 173
large herbivores, 165
leaf carbon budget, 181
leaf litter, 167, 172
leaf litter decomposition, 172
leaf production, 168
lepidochronology, 183
litter bag, bacteria, 173
long-term sink, 184
mass spectrometry, 163
mass-balance equation, 164
methods, 162, 163, 168, 172
nitrogen content, 168
nutrient content of detritus, 172
nutritional quality, 170
P:R quotient, 180
PAM methods, 163
phosphorus content, 168
physical factors, 171
Index
British Columbia, 370
broadband irradiance, 300
broadscale, 527
Bryozoans, 449, 450
Bubble formation, 261
bucktooth, 482
bundle sheath cells, 66, 69
burial by sediments, 241, 576
burial rate of nutrients, 242
burial, export, 243
C 3 or C 4 anatomy, 61
C 4 plants, 323
C 4 metabolism, 329
δ
13 evidence, 329
Thalassodendron, 329
C i Uptake
leaf anatomy, 326
C/N, 139
C/N ratios, 469, 482
Ca-bound P, 241
CA-linked HCO
−
3 , 326
Cadmium, 570
calcareous organisms, 442
calcium carbonate deposition, 143
calcium carbonate production, 143, 144, 412
California, 365, 600
Callinectes sapidus, 633
callose, 56, 77
Calvin-Benson Cycle, 329
CAM, Photorespiration, 329
Campey, 11
Canada, 5
Canopies
downwelling irradiance, 311
irradiance distribution, 311
irradiance spectra, 311
leaf area index, 314
light fields, 311
radiative transfer, 309
reflected light, 311
scattering, 311
self-shading, 311
upward irradiance, 311
vertical distribution of biomass, 308
Canopy, 208, 311, 315
leaf, 314
light field, 314
Canopy Density, 313
canopy flow, 101
canopy friction, 197
canopy height, 306
canopy production, 313
canopy water, 397
Cape Province, 5
capillary waves, 197
carbohydrate reserves, 339
carbohydrates, 234
carbon, 247
Carbon and Nitrogen, 395
carbon assimilation efficiency, 168
carbon budgets, 179, 180
Posidonia oceanica, 180
Carbon dynamics, 395
carbon flux, 159
above-ground, 160, 169
annual budget, 181
assimilation efficiency, 168
export, 168
autochthonous macroalgae production, 174
banquettes, 170
below-ground, 169
burail, 183
carbon budgets, 179, 180
carbon sinks, 180
carbon sinks, 179, 180
contribution of epiphytes, 161
contribution of microalgae, 161
‘cultivation’ feeding pattern, 165
δ
13 C, 174
δ
15 N
landscape level, 178
decay rates, 169
equation, 169
decomposition, 168
decomposition pathway, 171
detrital pathway, 172, 173
detrital production, 164
ecosystem autotrophic components, 177
effect of light attenuation, 164
equation, 169
eutrophication, 163
export, 167–169
exudates, 179
fate of carbon, 163, 167
feeding patterns
sea urchins, 165
formation and destruction of banquettes, 171
future studies, 185
carbon flux
Halophila stipulacea, 180
herbivores, 168
herbivory, 165, 168
isotope studies, 173
large herbivores, 165
leaf carbon budget, 181
leaf litter, 167, 172
leaf litter decomposition, 172
leaf production, 168
lepidochronology, 183
litter bag, bacteria, 173
long-term sink, 184
mass spectrometry, 163
mass-balance equation, 164
methods, 162, 163, 168, 172
nitrogen content, 168
nutrient content of detritus, 172
nutritional quality, 170
P:R quotient, 180
PAM methods, 163
phosphorus content, 168
physical factors, 171