650
Index
anatomy
aerenchyma, 54, 67
leaf blade, 61, 66
leaf epidermis, 61
leaf sheath, 60
rhizome, 57
root, 52, 54
root hairs, 52
root ultrastructure, 52
roots, 54
stem, 57
Anatomy and ultrastructure of roots, 55
Anatomy of rhizome and stem internodes, 58
Anatomy of rhizome internodes, 59
anchoring function, 56
anchoring hairs, 81
anemophily, 93
Angola, 9
animal origins and movement, 523
annomium toxicity, 574
annual life history, 368
annual vegetative spread, 553
anoxia, 182, 267, 574
seagrass die-off, 267
Thalassia testudinum, 267
Zostera marina, 267
Anthers, 73, 91, 203
Anthesis, 73, 394
anthropogenic effects, 372, 373, 551
atrazine, 578
herbicide contamination, 578
Irgarol 1051, 578
Thalassia, 431
anthropogenic stressors
contamination, 569
ecophysiology of sediments, 576
eutrophication, 568, 569
future population growth, 586
gas exchange, 577
heavy metals, 580
interactive effect, 568
interactive effects, 568
management, 584
nutrients, 568
petrochemicals, 583
recommendations, 586
sedimentation, 569, 575
shading, 577
smothering, 576
sulfide, 577
turbidity, 575, 576, 577
antifoulant-herbicides, 579
antipredatory behavior, 539
apatites, 241
apex, 417
apical dominance, 418
apical rhizome meristem, 272
apico-basal distribution of epiphytes, 452
apico-basal pattern, 443
apoplastic, 63, 234
apoplastic tracers, 82
apparent optical properties, 297, 300
apparently low levels of herbivory on seagrasses, 468
aquaculture, 401, 526, 607
aquatic optics, 295
arabinose, 340
Aral Sea, 5
Arber, 1, 1920, 84
Arctic Sea, 17
aril-like structure, 80
artificial seagrass, 450, 456, 506, 540
artificial seagrass units (ASUs), 511
ascending flows, 201, 203
Ascherson, 1
ascidians, 398, 449
asexual reproduction, 93
asparagine, 233, 245
assimilation, 229–231, 245
assimilation efficiency of herbivores, 238
Assimilation of N and P, 231
Assimilation: Relative Role of Leaves and Roots, 229
Atlantic, 4
Atlantic coast of the USA, 9
atrazine, 578, 579
attenuate currents, 200, 205
attenuation of light, 576
attenuation with decreasing depth (κ), 353
Augner 1995, 481
Australia, 5, 13, 16, 286, 614
conservation, 614
Australian coastlines, 60
Australian Posidonia, 58
australis, 242
autochthonous benthic microalgal production, 175
average cosine, 299
average cosines, 353
average rhizome elongation rates, 272
Avon Park Formation, 17, 409
backscattering, 299
Bacteria, 62, 239, 443, 450
carbon sources
influence of seagrass species, 138
bacterial flora, 247
Bahamas seagrass sediments, 143
Baltic, 2
Banda Sea, 60
banquettes, 169–171
bare-sand “halos”, 478
basal meristems, 466
basic environmental requirements, 410
basic module, 272
Basin of Paris, 17
Baystan, 572
beam absorption, 297
beam attenuation, 297
beam scatterance, 298
beam scattering, 297
beccarii, 14
below-ground production, 161, 480
belowground organs, 242
belowground refuge, 480
Index
anatomy
aerenchyma, 54, 67
leaf blade, 61, 66
leaf epidermis, 61
leaf sheath, 60
rhizome, 57
root, 52, 54
root hairs, 52
root ultrastructure, 52
roots, 54
stem, 57
Anatomy and ultrastructure of roots, 55
Anatomy of rhizome and stem internodes, 58
Anatomy of rhizome internodes, 59
anchoring function, 56
anchoring hairs, 81
anemophily, 93
Angola, 9
animal origins and movement, 523
annomium toxicity, 574
annual life history, 368
annual vegetative spread, 553
anoxia, 182, 267, 574
seagrass die-off, 267
Thalassia testudinum, 267
Zostera marina, 267
Anthers, 73, 91, 203
Anthesis, 73, 394
anthropogenic effects, 372, 373, 551
atrazine, 578
herbicide contamination, 578
Irgarol 1051, 578
Thalassia, 431
anthropogenic stressors
contamination, 569
ecophysiology of sediments, 576
eutrophication, 568, 569
future population growth, 586
gas exchange, 577
heavy metals, 580
interactive effect, 568
interactive effects, 568
management, 584
nutrients, 568
petrochemicals, 583
recommendations, 586
sedimentation, 569, 575
shading, 577
smothering, 576
sulfide, 577
turbidity, 575, 576, 577
antifoulant-herbicides, 579
antipredatory behavior, 539
apatites, 241
apex, 417
apical dominance, 418
apical rhizome meristem, 272
apico-basal distribution of epiphytes, 452
apico-basal pattern, 443
apoplastic, 63, 234
apoplastic tracers, 82
apparent optical properties, 297, 300
apparently low levels of herbivory on seagrasses, 468
aquaculture, 401, 526, 607
aquatic optics, 295
arabinose, 340
Aral Sea, 5
Arber, 1, 1920, 84
Arctic Sea, 17
aril-like structure, 80
artificial seagrass, 450, 456, 506, 540
artificial seagrass units (ASUs), 511
ascending flows, 201, 203
Ascherson, 1
ascidians, 398, 449
asexual reproduction, 93
asparagine, 233, 245
assimilation, 229–231, 245
assimilation efficiency of herbivores, 238
Assimilation of N and P, 231
Assimilation: Relative Role of Leaves and Roots, 229
Atlantic, 4
Atlantic coast of the USA, 9
atrazine, 578, 579
attenuate currents, 200, 205
attenuation of light, 576
attenuation with decreasing depth (κ), 353
Augner 1995, 481
Australia, 5, 13, 16, 286, 614
conservation, 614
Australian coastlines, 60
Australian Posidonia, 58
australis, 242
autochthonous benthic microalgal production, 175
average cosine, 299
average cosines, 353
average rhizome elongation rates, 272
Avon Park Formation, 17, 409
backscattering, 299
Bacteria, 62, 239, 443, 450
carbon sources
influence of seagrass species, 138
bacterial flora, 247
Bahamas seagrass sediments, 143
Baltic, 2
Banda Sea, 60
banquettes, 169–171
bare-sand “halos”, 478
basal meristems, 466
basic environmental requirements, 410
basic module, 272
Basin of Paris, 17
Baystan, 572
beam absorption, 297
beam attenuation, 297
beam scatterance, 298
beam scattering, 297
beccarii, 14
below-ground production, 161, 480
belowground organs, 242
belowground refuge, 480