644
Susan S. Bell, Mark S. Fonseca, and Nathaniel B. Stafford
Nakaoka M and Toyohara T (2000) Effects of seagrass patch
structure on the mobile epifaunal community in a subtidal
seagrass meadow in Thailand. Benthos Res 55(2): 53–61
Nelson TA and Lee A (2001) A manipulative experiment demonstrates that blooms of the macroalga Ulvaria obscura can reduce eelgrass shoot density. Aquat Bot 71: 149–154
Olesen B and Sand-Jensen K (1994) Patch dynamics of eelgrass
Zostera marina. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 106: 147–156
Orth RJ and Moore KA (1983) Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222:
51–53
Orth RJ, Luckenbach M and Moore KA (1994) Seed dispersal
in a marine macrophyte: Implications for colonization and
restoration.Ecology 75: 1927–1939
Orth RJ, Harwell MC, Bailey EM, Bartholomew A, Jawad JT,
Lombana AV, Moore KA, Rhode JM and Woods HE (2000) A
review of issues in seagrass seed dormancy and germination:
Implications for conservation and restoration. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 200: 277–288
Patriquin DG (1975) “Migration” of blowouts in seagrass beds
at Barbados and Carriacou, West Indies, and its ecological and
geological implications. Aquat Bot 1: 163–189
Pittman SJ (2002) Linking fish and prawns to their environment
in shallow water marine landscapes. PhD Thesis. University
of Queensland, Australia
Pulich WM and White MA (1991) Decline of submerged vegetation in the Galveston Bay system: Chronology and relationships to physical processes. J Coastal Res 7: 1125–
1138
Ralph PJ and Short FT (2002) Impact of the wasting disease
pathogen, Labyrinthula zosterae, on the photobiology of eelgrass Zostera marina. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 226: 265–271
Ramage DL and Schiel DR (1999) Patch dynamics and response
to disturbance of the seagrass Zostera novazelandica on intertidal platforms in southern New Zealand. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
189: 275–288
Rasheed MA (1999) Recovery of experimentally created gaps
within a tropical Zostera capricorni (Aschers.) seagrass
meadow, Queensland Australia. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 235:
183–200
Rizzuto NV (2003) Spatial and temporal patterns of seagrass
habitat usage among Caridean macrofauna. MS Thesis. University of South Florida
Robbins BD (1997) Quantifying temporal change in seagrass
areal coverage: The use of GIS and low resolution aerial photography. Aquat Bot 59: 259–268
Robbins BD and Bell SS (1994) Seagrass landscapes: A terrestrial approach to the marine subtidal environment. Trends Ecol
Evol 9: 301–304
Robbins BD and Bell SS (2000) Dynamics of a subtidal seagrass
landscape: Seasonal and annual change in relation to water
depth. Ecology 81: 1193–1205
Robbins BD, Fonseca MS, Whitfield PE and Clinton P (2001) Use
of a wave exposure technique for predicting distribution and
ecological characteristics of seagrass ecosystems. In: Greening HS (ed) Proceedings: Seagrass Management: It’s Not Just
Nutrients, October 6, 2000, pp 171–176. Tampa Bay National
Estuary Program, St. Petersburg, FL
Robinson GR, Holt RD, Gaines MS, Hamburg SP, Johnson ML,
Fitch HS and Martinko EA (1992) Diverse and contrasting
effects of habitat fragmentation. Science 257: 524–526
Rollon RN, Vermaat JE and Nacorda ME (2003) Sexual reproduction in SE Asian seagrasses: the absence of a seed bank in
Thalassia hemprichii. Aquat Bot 75: 181–185
Rose CD, Sharp WC, Kenworthy WJ, Hunt JH, Lyons WG,
Prager EJ, Valentine JF, Hall MO, Whitfield PE and Fourqurean
JW (1999) Overgrazing of a large seagrass bed by the sea
urchin Lytechinus variegatus in outer Florida Bay. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 190: 212–222
Rossi RE, Mulla DJ, Journel AG and Franz EH (1992) Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial
dependence. Ecol Monogr 62: 277–314
Salita JT (2000) The influence of spatial arrangement of seagrasses on fish abundance in Bolinao, northern Phillipines.
ZMT-Contributions No. 10
Salita JT, Kau WE and Saint-Paul U (2003) The influence of
seagrass landscapes on fish abundance in Bolinao northern
Philippines. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 247: 183–195
Sanchez-Jerez P, Cebrian CB and Espla AAR (1999) Comparison of the epifauna spatial distribution in Posidonia oceanica,
Cymodocea nodosa and unvegetated bottoms: Importance of
meadow edges. Acta Oecologia 20: 391–405
Schneider DC (1994) Quantitative Ecology: Spatial and Temporal Scaling. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
Short FT, Mathieson AC and Nelson JI (1986) Recurrence of the
eelgrass wasting disease at the border of New Hampshire and
Maine, U.S.A. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 29: 88–92
Short FT, Ibelings BW and Den Hartog C (1988) Comparison
of a current eelgrass wasting disease to the wasting disease in
the 1930s. Aquat Bot 30: 295–304
Sogard SM and Able KW (1994) Diel variation in immigration
of fishes and decapod crustaceans to artificial seagrass habitat.
Estuaries 17: 622–630
Sousa WP (1985) Disturbance and patch dynamics on rocky
intertidal shores. In: Pickett STA and White PS (eds) The
Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics, pp 101–
124. Academic Press, New York
Stine PA and Hunsaker CT (2001) An introduction to uncertainty issues for spatial data used in ecological applications.
In: Hunsaker CT, Goodchild ME, Friedl MA and Case TJ (eds)
Spatial Uncertainty in Ecology: Implications for Remote Sensing and GIS Applications, pp 91–107. Springer-Verlag, New
York
Strayer DL, Power ME, Fagan WF, Pickett STA and Belnap J
(2003) A classification of ecological boundaries. Bioscience
52: 723–729
Tanner JE (2003) Patch shape and orientation influence on seagrass epifauna are mediated by dispersal abilities. Oikos 100:
517–523
Townsend EC and Fonseca MS (1998) Bioturbation as a
potential mechanism influencing spatial heterogeneity of
North Carolina seagrass beds. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 169: 123–
132
Turner MG (1987) Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance.
Springer-Verlag, New York
Turner MG and Gardner RH (1991) Quantitative Methods in
Landscape Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York
Turner SJ, Hewitt JE, Wilkinson MR, Morrisey DJ, Thrush SF,
Cummings VJ and Funnell G (1999) Seagrass patches and
landscapes: The influence of wind-wave dynamics and heirarchical arrangements of spatial structure on macrofaunal seagrass communities. Estuaries 22: 1016–1032
Susan S. Bell, Mark S. Fonseca, and Nathaniel B. Stafford
Nakaoka M and Toyohara T (2000) Effects of seagrass patch
structure on the mobile epifaunal community in a subtidal
seagrass meadow in Thailand. Benthos Res 55(2): 53–61
Nelson TA and Lee A (2001) A manipulative experiment demonstrates that blooms of the macroalga Ulvaria obscura can reduce eelgrass shoot density. Aquat Bot 71: 149–154
Olesen B and Sand-Jensen K (1994) Patch dynamics of eelgrass
Zostera marina. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 106: 147–156
Orth RJ and Moore KA (1983) Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222:
51–53
Orth RJ, Luckenbach M and Moore KA (1994) Seed dispersal
in a marine macrophyte: Implications for colonization and
restoration.Ecology 75: 1927–1939
Orth RJ, Harwell MC, Bailey EM, Bartholomew A, Jawad JT,
Lombana AV, Moore KA, Rhode JM and Woods HE (2000) A
review of issues in seagrass seed dormancy and germination:
Implications for conservation and restoration. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 200: 277–288
Patriquin DG (1975) “Migration” of blowouts in seagrass beds
at Barbados and Carriacou, West Indies, and its ecological and
geological implications. Aquat Bot 1: 163–189
Pittman SJ (2002) Linking fish and prawns to their environment
in shallow water marine landscapes. PhD Thesis. University
of Queensland, Australia
Pulich WM and White MA (1991) Decline of submerged vegetation in the Galveston Bay system: Chronology and relationships to physical processes. J Coastal Res 7: 1125–
1138
Ralph PJ and Short FT (2002) Impact of the wasting disease
pathogen, Labyrinthula zosterae, on the photobiology of eelgrass Zostera marina. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 226: 265–271
Ramage DL and Schiel DR (1999) Patch dynamics and response
to disturbance of the seagrass Zostera novazelandica on intertidal platforms in southern New Zealand. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
189: 275–288
Rasheed MA (1999) Recovery of experimentally created gaps
within a tropical Zostera capricorni (Aschers.) seagrass
meadow, Queensland Australia. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 235:
183–200
Rizzuto NV (2003) Spatial and temporal patterns of seagrass
habitat usage among Caridean macrofauna. MS Thesis. University of South Florida
Robbins BD (1997) Quantifying temporal change in seagrass
areal coverage: The use of GIS and low resolution aerial photography. Aquat Bot 59: 259–268
Robbins BD and Bell SS (1994) Seagrass landscapes: A terrestrial approach to the marine subtidal environment. Trends Ecol
Evol 9: 301–304
Robbins BD and Bell SS (2000) Dynamics of a subtidal seagrass
landscape: Seasonal and annual change in relation to water
depth. Ecology 81: 1193–1205
Robbins BD, Fonseca MS, Whitfield PE and Clinton P (2001) Use
of a wave exposure technique for predicting distribution and
ecological characteristics of seagrass ecosystems. In: Greening HS (ed) Proceedings: Seagrass Management: It’s Not Just
Nutrients, October 6, 2000, pp 171–176. Tampa Bay National
Estuary Program, St. Petersburg, FL
Robinson GR, Holt RD, Gaines MS, Hamburg SP, Johnson ML,
Fitch HS and Martinko EA (1992) Diverse and contrasting
effects of habitat fragmentation. Science 257: 524–526
Rollon RN, Vermaat JE and Nacorda ME (2003) Sexual reproduction in SE Asian seagrasses: the absence of a seed bank in
Thalassia hemprichii. Aquat Bot 75: 181–185
Rose CD, Sharp WC, Kenworthy WJ, Hunt JH, Lyons WG,
Prager EJ, Valentine JF, Hall MO, Whitfield PE and Fourqurean
JW (1999) Overgrazing of a large seagrass bed by the sea
urchin Lytechinus variegatus in outer Florida Bay. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 190: 212–222
Rossi RE, Mulla DJ, Journel AG and Franz EH (1992) Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial
dependence. Ecol Monogr 62: 277–314
Salita JT (2000) The influence of spatial arrangement of seagrasses on fish abundance in Bolinao, northern Phillipines.
ZMT-Contributions No. 10
Salita JT, Kau WE and Saint-Paul U (2003) The influence of
seagrass landscapes on fish abundance in Bolinao northern
Philippines. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 247: 183–195
Sanchez-Jerez P, Cebrian CB and Espla AAR (1999) Comparison of the epifauna spatial distribution in Posidonia oceanica,
Cymodocea nodosa and unvegetated bottoms: Importance of
meadow edges. Acta Oecologia 20: 391–405
Schneider DC (1994) Quantitative Ecology: Spatial and Temporal Scaling. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
Short FT, Mathieson AC and Nelson JI (1986) Recurrence of the
eelgrass wasting disease at the border of New Hampshire and
Maine, U.S.A. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 29: 88–92
Short FT, Ibelings BW and Den Hartog C (1988) Comparison
of a current eelgrass wasting disease to the wasting disease in
the 1930s. Aquat Bot 30: 295–304
Sogard SM and Able KW (1994) Diel variation in immigration
of fishes and decapod crustaceans to artificial seagrass habitat.
Estuaries 17: 622–630
Sousa WP (1985) Disturbance and patch dynamics on rocky
intertidal shores. In: Pickett STA and White PS (eds) The
Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics, pp 101–
124. Academic Press, New York
Stine PA and Hunsaker CT (2001) An introduction to uncertainty issues for spatial data used in ecological applications.
In: Hunsaker CT, Goodchild ME, Friedl MA and Case TJ (eds)
Spatial Uncertainty in Ecology: Implications for Remote Sensing and GIS Applications, pp 91–107. Springer-Verlag, New
York
Strayer DL, Power ME, Fagan WF, Pickett STA and Belnap J
(2003) A classification of ecological boundaries. Bioscience
52: 723–729
Tanner JE (2003) Patch shape and orientation influence on seagrass epifauna are mediated by dispersal abilities. Oikos 100:
517–523
Townsend EC and Fonseca MS (1998) Bioturbation as a
potential mechanism influencing spatial heterogeneity of
North Carolina seagrass beds. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 169: 123–
132
Turner MG (1987) Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance.
Springer-Verlag, New York
Turner MG and Gardner RH (1991) Quantitative Methods in
Landscape Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York
Turner SJ, Hewitt JE, Wilkinson MR, Morrisey DJ, Thrush SF,
Cummings VJ and Funnell G (1999) Seagrass patches and
landscapes: The influence of wind-wave dynamics and heirarchical arrangements of spatial structure on macrofaunal seagrass communities. Estuaries 22: 1016–1032