620
W. Judson Kenworthy et al.
Gallegos CL and Kenworthy WJ (1996) Seagrass depth limits
in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, USA): Application of an
optical water quality model. Est Coast Shelf Sci 42: 267–288
Gambi MC, Buia MC, Casola E, and Scardi M (1989) Estimates
of water movement in Posidonia oceanica beds: A first approach. In: Boudouresque CF, Meinesz A., Fresi E and Gravez
V (eds) International Workshop on Posidonia Beds, GIS Posidonie Publication, France 2: 101–112
GBRMPA (1999) Protecting Biodiversity an overview of the
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Representative
Area Program. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
Townsville Australia, ISBN 0 642 23067 6
Green EP and Short FT (2003) World Atlas of Seagrasses. University of California Press, Berkeley
Hammerstrom KK and Judson Kenworthy W (2003) A new
method for estimation of Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld seed
banks using density separation. Aquat Bot 76: 79–86
Hardin G (1968) The tragedy of the commons. Science 163:
1243–1248
Harrison PG and Bigley RE (1982) The recent introduction of
the seagrass Zostera japonica Aschers. and Graebn. to the
Pacific coast of North America. Can J Fisheries Aquat Sci 39:
1642–1648
Harwell MC and Orth RJ (2002) Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. Ecology 83(12): 3319–3330
Hauxwell J, Cebrian J, Furlong C and Valiela I (2001) Macroalgal
canopies contribute to eelgrass (Zostera marina) decline in
temperate estuarine ecosystems. Ecology 82: 1007–1022
Haynes D, Muller JF and Carter S (1999) Pesticide and herbicide
residues in sediments and seagrasses from the Great Barrier
Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland coast. In Kellaway
D (ed) Abstracts from a Conference on Sources, Fates and
Consequences of Pollutants in the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Townsville, Australia, June 1999
Heck KL, Jr., Able KW, Roman CT and Fahey MP (1995) Composition, abundance, biomass and production of macrofauna in
a New England estuary: Comparisons among eelgrass meadows and other nursery habitats. Estuaries 18: 379–389
Heck KL, Jr., Nadeau DA, and Thomas R (1997) The nursery
role of seagrass beds. Gulf Mexico Sci 1: 50–54
Hemminga MA and Duarte CM (2000) Seagrass Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Homziak J, Fonseca MS, Kenworthy WJ and Thayer GW (1982)
Macrobenthic community structure in a transplanted eelgrass
(Zostera marina) meadow. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 9: 211–221
Howard RK, Edgar GJ and Hutchings PA (1989) Faunal assemblages of seagrass beds. In Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and
Sheperd SA (eds) Biology of Seagrasses, pp 536–564. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Ibarro-Obando SE (2003) The Fifth International Seagrass Biology workshop, 7–11 October 2002, Ensenata, Baja, California
Gulf of Mexico Sci 21: 99–144
Inglis GJ (2000a) Variation in the recruitment behavior of seagrass seeds: Implications for population dynamics and resource management. Pac Conserv Biol 5: 251–259
Inglis GJ (2000b) Disturbance-related heterogeneity in the seed
banks of a marine angiosperm. J Ecol 88: 88–99
Irish KE and Norse EA (1996) Scant emphasis on marine biodiversity. Conserv Biol 10(2): 680
IUNC (1994) Guidelines for protected area management categories. IUNC Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
Jackson JBC and 18 others (2001) Historical overfishing and the
recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293: 629–638
Jameson SC, Tuper MH and Ridley JM (2002) The three screen
doors: Can marine “protected” areas be effective? Mar Pollut
Bull 44: 1177–1183
Johnson M, Williams SL, Lieberman CH and Solbak A (2003)
Changes in the abundance of the seagrasses Zostera marina
L. (eelgrass) and Ruppia maritima L. (widgeongrass) in San
Diego, California following an El Ni˜ no event. Estuaries 26:
106–115
Kaldy JE and Dunton KH (1999) Ontogenetic photosynthetic
changes, dispersal and survival of Thalassia testudinum (turtle
grass) seedlings in a sub-tropical lagoon. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
240: 193–212
Kenworthy WJ (2000) The role of sexual reproduction in maintaining populations of Halophila decipiens: Implications for
the biodiversity and conservation of tropical seagrass ecosystems. Pac Conserv Biol 5: 260–268
Kenworthy WJ and Haunert DE (1991) The light requirements
of seagrasses: Proceedings of a Workshop to Examine the Capability of Water Quality Criteria, Standards and Monitoring
Programs to Protect Seagrasses. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-287
Kenworthy WJ and Schwarzschild AC (1998) Vertical growth
and short-shoot demography of Syringodium filiforme in outer
Florida Bay, USA. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 173: 25–37
Kenworthy WJ, Zieman JC and Thayer GW (1982) Evidence for
the influence of seagrasses on the benthic nitrogen cycle in
a coastal plain estuary near Beaufort, North Carolina (USA).
Oecologia 54: 152–158
Kenworthy WJ, Fonseca MS, Whitfield PE and Hammerstrom
KK (2002) Analysis of seagrass recovery in experimental excavations and propeller-scar disturbances in the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary. J Coastal Res 37: 75–85
Klumpp DW, Howard RK and Pollard PC (1989) Trophodymanics and nutritional ecology of seagrass communities. In:
Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and Sheperd SA (eds) Biology of
Seagrasses, pp 394–457. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Kuhnlein HV and Turner NJ (1991) Traditional plant foods
of Canadian indigenous people: Nutrition, botany and use.
Gordon and Breach Science Publication, Philadelphia
Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI and Kirkman H (eds) (1996) Proceedings of an International Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Faculty of Science, The University of Western
Australia, Perth
Kurien J (1998) Traditional ecological knowledge and ecosystem
sustainability: New meaning to Asian coastal proverbs. Ecol
Appl 8(Suppl. 1): S2–S5
Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and Shepard SA (1989) Biology of
Seagrasses. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Lavery P (2000) Marine Management: Marine Conservation. Pac
Conserv Biol 5: 240–241
Lee Long W, Coles RG and McKenzie LJ (2000) Issues for seagrass conservation management in Queensland. Pac Conserv
Biol 5: 321–328
Lee Long W and Thom R (2001) Improving seagrass habitat quality. In Short FT, Coles RG and Short CA (eds)
Global Seagrass Research Methods, pp 407–424. Elsevier,
Amsterdam
Lefebvre LW, Reid JP, Kenworthy WJ and Powell JA (2000) Characterizing Manatee habitat use and seagrass grazing in Florida
W. Judson Kenworthy et al.
Gallegos CL and Kenworthy WJ (1996) Seagrass depth limits
in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, USA): Application of an
optical water quality model. Est Coast Shelf Sci 42: 267–288
Gambi MC, Buia MC, Casola E, and Scardi M (1989) Estimates
of water movement in Posidonia oceanica beds: A first approach. In: Boudouresque CF, Meinesz A., Fresi E and Gravez
V (eds) International Workshop on Posidonia Beds, GIS Posidonie Publication, France 2: 101–112
GBRMPA (1999) Protecting Biodiversity an overview of the
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Representative
Area Program. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
Townsville Australia, ISBN 0 642 23067 6
Green EP and Short FT (2003) World Atlas of Seagrasses. University of California Press, Berkeley
Hammerstrom KK and Judson Kenworthy W (2003) A new
method for estimation of Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld seed
banks using density separation. Aquat Bot 76: 79–86
Hardin G (1968) The tragedy of the commons. Science 163:
1243–1248
Harrison PG and Bigley RE (1982) The recent introduction of
the seagrass Zostera japonica Aschers. and Graebn. to the
Pacific coast of North America. Can J Fisheries Aquat Sci 39:
1642–1648
Harwell MC and Orth RJ (2002) Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. Ecology 83(12): 3319–3330
Hauxwell J, Cebrian J, Furlong C and Valiela I (2001) Macroalgal
canopies contribute to eelgrass (Zostera marina) decline in
temperate estuarine ecosystems. Ecology 82: 1007–1022
Haynes D, Muller JF and Carter S (1999) Pesticide and herbicide
residues in sediments and seagrasses from the Great Barrier
Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland coast. In Kellaway
D (ed) Abstracts from a Conference on Sources, Fates and
Consequences of Pollutants in the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Townsville, Australia, June 1999
Heck KL, Jr., Able KW, Roman CT and Fahey MP (1995) Composition, abundance, biomass and production of macrofauna in
a New England estuary: Comparisons among eelgrass meadows and other nursery habitats. Estuaries 18: 379–389
Heck KL, Jr., Nadeau DA, and Thomas R (1997) The nursery
role of seagrass beds. Gulf Mexico Sci 1: 50–54
Hemminga MA and Duarte CM (2000) Seagrass Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Homziak J, Fonseca MS, Kenworthy WJ and Thayer GW (1982)
Macrobenthic community structure in a transplanted eelgrass
(Zostera marina) meadow. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 9: 211–221
Howard RK, Edgar GJ and Hutchings PA (1989) Faunal assemblages of seagrass beds. In Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and
Sheperd SA (eds) Biology of Seagrasses, pp 536–564. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Ibarro-Obando SE (2003) The Fifth International Seagrass Biology workshop, 7–11 October 2002, Ensenata, Baja, California
Gulf of Mexico Sci 21: 99–144
Inglis GJ (2000a) Variation in the recruitment behavior of seagrass seeds: Implications for population dynamics and resource management. Pac Conserv Biol 5: 251–259
Inglis GJ (2000b) Disturbance-related heterogeneity in the seed
banks of a marine angiosperm. J Ecol 88: 88–99
Irish KE and Norse EA (1996) Scant emphasis on marine biodiversity. Conserv Biol 10(2): 680
IUNC (1994) Guidelines for protected area management categories. IUNC Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
Jackson JBC and 18 others (2001) Historical overfishing and the
recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293: 629–638
Jameson SC, Tuper MH and Ridley JM (2002) The three screen
doors: Can marine “protected” areas be effective? Mar Pollut
Bull 44: 1177–1183
Johnson M, Williams SL, Lieberman CH and Solbak A (2003)
Changes in the abundance of the seagrasses Zostera marina
L. (eelgrass) and Ruppia maritima L. (widgeongrass) in San
Diego, California following an El Ni˜ no event. Estuaries 26:
106–115
Kaldy JE and Dunton KH (1999) Ontogenetic photosynthetic
changes, dispersal and survival of Thalassia testudinum (turtle
grass) seedlings in a sub-tropical lagoon. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
240: 193–212
Kenworthy WJ (2000) The role of sexual reproduction in maintaining populations of Halophila decipiens: Implications for
the biodiversity and conservation of tropical seagrass ecosystems. Pac Conserv Biol 5: 260–268
Kenworthy WJ and Haunert DE (1991) The light requirements
of seagrasses: Proceedings of a Workshop to Examine the Capability of Water Quality Criteria, Standards and Monitoring
Programs to Protect Seagrasses. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-287
Kenworthy WJ and Schwarzschild AC (1998) Vertical growth
and short-shoot demography of Syringodium filiforme in outer
Florida Bay, USA. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 173: 25–37
Kenworthy WJ, Zieman JC and Thayer GW (1982) Evidence for
the influence of seagrasses on the benthic nitrogen cycle in
a coastal plain estuary near Beaufort, North Carolina (USA).
Oecologia 54: 152–158
Kenworthy WJ, Fonseca MS, Whitfield PE and Hammerstrom
KK (2002) Analysis of seagrass recovery in experimental excavations and propeller-scar disturbances in the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary. J Coastal Res 37: 75–85
Klumpp DW, Howard RK and Pollard PC (1989) Trophodymanics and nutritional ecology of seagrass communities. In:
Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and Sheperd SA (eds) Biology of
Seagrasses, pp 394–457. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Kuhnlein HV and Turner NJ (1991) Traditional plant foods
of Canadian indigenous people: Nutrition, botany and use.
Gordon and Breach Science Publication, Philadelphia
Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI and Kirkman H (eds) (1996) Proceedings of an International Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Faculty of Science, The University of Western
Australia, Perth
Kurien J (1998) Traditional ecological knowledge and ecosystem
sustainability: New meaning to Asian coastal proverbs. Ecol
Appl 8(Suppl. 1): S2–S5
Larkum AWD, McComb AJ and Shepard SA (1989) Biology of
Seagrasses. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Lavery P (2000) Marine Management: Marine Conservation. Pac
Conserv Biol 5: 240–241
Lee Long W, Coles RG and McKenzie LJ (2000) Issues for seagrass conservation management in Queensland. Pac Conserv
Biol 5: 321–328
Lee Long W and Thom R (2001) Improving seagrass habitat quality. In Short FT, Coles RG and Short CA (eds)
Global Seagrass Research Methods, pp 407–424. Elsevier,
Amsterdam
Lefebvre LW, Reid JP, Kenworthy WJ and Powell JA (2000) Characterizing Manatee habitat use and seagrass grazing in Florida