Chapter 19 Epiphytes of Seagrasses
459
Josselyn M, Fonseca M, Niesen T and Larson R (1986) Biomass,
production and decomposition of a deep water seagrass,
Halophila decipiens Ostenf. Aquat Bot 25: 47–61
Kendrick GA and Burt JS (1997) Seasonal changes in epiphytic
macro-algae assemblages between offshore exposed and inshore protected Posidonia sinuosa Cambridge et Kuo seagrass
meadows, Western Australia. Bot Mar 40: 77–86
Kirchman DL, Mazzella L, Alberte RS and Mitchell R (1984)
Epiphytic bacterial production on Zostera marina. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 15: 117–123
Kirkman H and Manning C (1993) A search for eutrophication in
the seagrass meadows of Rottnest island and a base line study
for further monitoring. In: Wells FE, Walker DI, Kirkman
H and Lethbridge R (eds) The Marine Flora and Fauna of
Rottnest Island, pp 473–479. Western Australia 2. Western
Australian Museum, Perth
Kirsch KD, Valentine JF and Heck KL (2002) Parrotfish grazing
on turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum: Evidence for the importance of seagrass consumption in food web dynamics of the
Florida Keys national Marine Sanctuary. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
227: 71–85
Kita T and Harada E (1962) Studies on the epiphytic communities. I. Abundance and distribution of microalgae and small
animals on the Zostera blades. Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab 10:
245–257
Koch EW and Huettel M (2000) The impact of single seagrass
shoots on solute fluxes between the water column and permeable sediments. Biol Mar Medit 7: 235–239
Kurilenko VV, Ivanova EP and Mikhailov VV (2001) Zonal distribution of epiphytic microorganisms on the eelgrass Zostera
marina. Microbiology 07: 372–373
Land LS (1970) Carbonate mud: Production by epibiont growth
on Thalassia testudinum. J Sediment Petrol 40: 1361–1363
Lapointe BE, Tomasko DA and Matzie WR (1994) Eutrophication and trophic state classification of seagrass communities
in the Florida Keys. Bull Mar Sci 54: 696–717
Lavery PS and Vanderklift MA (2002) A comparison of spatial
and temporal patterns in epiphytic macroalgal assemblages of
the seagrass Amphibolis griffithii and Posidonia coriacea. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 236: 99–112
Lavery P, Westera M, Kendrick G, Brearley A, Campey M, Hegge
B and Hillman K (1999) Shellsand dredging environmental
management programme, Project S1: Ecological significance
of seagrasses. Calcium carbonate and nitrogen turnover on
Success Bank, Owen Anchorage, Phase 3 report. D A Lord
and Associates, Nedlands, Western Australia
Lemmens JWTJ, Clapin G, Lavery P and Cary J (1996) Filtering
capacity of seagrass meadows and other habitats of Cockburn
Sound, Western Australia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 143: 187–200
Lepoint G, Havelange S, Gobert S and Bouquegneau JM (1999)
Fauna vs flora contribution to the leaf epiphytes biomass in
a Posidonia oceanica seagrass bed (Revellata Bay, Corsica).
Hydrobiologia 394: 63–67
Lethbridge RC, Borowitzka MA and Benjamin K (1988) The
development of an artificial Amphibolis-like seagrass of complex morphology and preliminary data on its colonisation by
epiphytes. Aquat Bot 31: 153–168
Lewis RJ, Johnson LM and Hoagland KD (2002) Effects of
cell density, temperature, and light intensity on growth and
stalk production in the biofouling diatom Achnanthes longipes
(Bacillariophyceae). J Phycol 38: 1125–1131
Lin HJ, Nixon SW, Taylor DI, Granger SL and Buckley BA (1996)
Responses of epiphytes on eelgrass, Zostera marina L., to
separate and combined nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment.
Aquat Bot 52: 243–258
Littler MM and Littler DS (1980) The evolution of thallus form
and survival strategies in benthic macroalgae: Field and laboratory studies of functional form model. Am Nat 116: 25–44
Long WJL, Coles RG and McKenzie LJ (1996) Deepwater seagrasses in northeastern Australia—How deep, how meaningful? In: Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI and Kirkman H (eds)
Seagrass Biology, pp 41–50. University of Western Australia,
Perth
Mazzella L. (1999) Epiphytic diatoms of seagrasses (Posidonia
australis, P. sinuosa, P. coriacea) from Western Australia. In:
Walker DI and Wells FE (eds) The Seagrass Flora and Fauna
of Rottnest Island, pp 89–100. Western Australian Museum,
Perth
Mazzella L, Buia MC and Spinoccia L (1994) Biodiversity of
epiphytic diatom community on leaves of Posidonia oceanica. In: Marino D and Montresor M (eds) Proceedings of
the 13th Diatom Symposium, pp 241–251. Biopress Ltd,
Bristol
McMahon K, Young E, Montgomery S, Cosgrove J, Wilshaw
J and Walker DI (1997) Status of shallow seagrass system,
Geographe Bay, south-western Australia. J Roy Soc WA 80:
255–262
Moncreiff CA, Sullivan MJ and Daehnick AE (1992) Primary production dynamics in seagrass beds of Mississippi
Sound—The contributions of seagrass, epiphytic algae, sand
microflora, and phytoplankton. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 87: 161–
171
Moore KA and Wetzel RL (2000) Seasonal variations in eelgrass
(Zostera marina L.) responses to nutrient enrichment and reduced light availability in experimental ecosystems. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 244: 1–28
Morgan MD and Kitting CL (1984) Productivity and utilization
of the seagrass Halodule wrightii and its attached epiphytes.
Limnol Oceanogr 29: 1099–1076
Mukai H and Ishijima A (1995) Grazing effects of a gammarian Amphipoda, Amphithoe sp., on the seagrass, Syringodium
isoetifolium, and epiphytes in a tropical seagrass bed of Fiji.
Ecol Res 10: 243–257
Nagle JS (1968) Distribution of the epibiota of macroepibenthic
plants. Univ Tex Contrib Mar Sci 13: 105–144
Neckles HA (1993) The role of epiphytes in seagrass production and survival: Microcosm studies and simulation modelling. In: Morris LJ and Tomasko DA (eds) Proceedings and
Conclusions of Workshops on: Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
and Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Special Publication
SJ93-SP13, pp 91–105. St Johns River Water Management
District, Palatka, Florida
Nielsen J and Lethbridge R (1989) Feeding and the epiphyte food
resource of gastropods living on the leaves of the seagrass
Amphibolis griffithii in southwestern Australia. J Malacol Soc
Aust 10: 47–58
Nishihara M (1968) Distribution pattern of hydrozoa on the
broad-leaved eelgrass and narrow-leaves eelgrass. Bull Mar
Biol Stat Asamushi 13: 125–138
Novak R (1984) A study in ultra-ecology: Microorganisms on the
seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) D´ elile. PSZN I: Mar Ecol 5:
143–190
459
Josselyn M, Fonseca M, Niesen T and Larson R (1986) Biomass,
production and decomposition of a deep water seagrass,
Halophila decipiens Ostenf. Aquat Bot 25: 47–61
Kendrick GA and Burt JS (1997) Seasonal changes in epiphytic
macro-algae assemblages between offshore exposed and inshore protected Posidonia sinuosa Cambridge et Kuo seagrass
meadows, Western Australia. Bot Mar 40: 77–86
Kirchman DL, Mazzella L, Alberte RS and Mitchell R (1984)
Epiphytic bacterial production on Zostera marina. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 15: 117–123
Kirkman H and Manning C (1993) A search for eutrophication in
the seagrass meadows of Rottnest island and a base line study
for further monitoring. In: Wells FE, Walker DI, Kirkman
H and Lethbridge R (eds) The Marine Flora and Fauna of
Rottnest Island, pp 473–479. Western Australia 2. Western
Australian Museum, Perth
Kirsch KD, Valentine JF and Heck KL (2002) Parrotfish grazing
on turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum: Evidence for the importance of seagrass consumption in food web dynamics of the
Florida Keys national Marine Sanctuary. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
227: 71–85
Kita T and Harada E (1962) Studies on the epiphytic communities. I. Abundance and distribution of microalgae and small
animals on the Zostera blades. Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab 10:
245–257
Koch EW and Huettel M (2000) The impact of single seagrass
shoots on solute fluxes between the water column and permeable sediments. Biol Mar Medit 7: 235–239
Kurilenko VV, Ivanova EP and Mikhailov VV (2001) Zonal distribution of epiphytic microorganisms on the eelgrass Zostera
marina. Microbiology 07: 372–373
Land LS (1970) Carbonate mud: Production by epibiont growth
on Thalassia testudinum. J Sediment Petrol 40: 1361–1363
Lapointe BE, Tomasko DA and Matzie WR (1994) Eutrophication and trophic state classification of seagrass communities
in the Florida Keys. Bull Mar Sci 54: 696–717
Lavery PS and Vanderklift MA (2002) A comparison of spatial
and temporal patterns in epiphytic macroalgal assemblages of
the seagrass Amphibolis griffithii and Posidonia coriacea. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 236: 99–112
Lavery P, Westera M, Kendrick G, Brearley A, Campey M, Hegge
B and Hillman K (1999) Shellsand dredging environmental
management programme, Project S1: Ecological significance
of seagrasses. Calcium carbonate and nitrogen turnover on
Success Bank, Owen Anchorage, Phase 3 report. D A Lord
and Associates, Nedlands, Western Australia
Lemmens JWTJ, Clapin G, Lavery P and Cary J (1996) Filtering
capacity of seagrass meadows and other habitats of Cockburn
Sound, Western Australia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 143: 187–200
Lepoint G, Havelange S, Gobert S and Bouquegneau JM (1999)
Fauna vs flora contribution to the leaf epiphytes biomass in
a Posidonia oceanica seagrass bed (Revellata Bay, Corsica).
Hydrobiologia 394: 63–67
Lethbridge RC, Borowitzka MA and Benjamin K (1988) The
development of an artificial Amphibolis-like seagrass of complex morphology and preliminary data on its colonisation by
epiphytes. Aquat Bot 31: 153–168
Lewis RJ, Johnson LM and Hoagland KD (2002) Effects of
cell density, temperature, and light intensity on growth and
stalk production in the biofouling diatom Achnanthes longipes
(Bacillariophyceae). J Phycol 38: 1125–1131
Lin HJ, Nixon SW, Taylor DI, Granger SL and Buckley BA (1996)
Responses of epiphytes on eelgrass, Zostera marina L., to
separate and combined nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment.
Aquat Bot 52: 243–258
Littler MM and Littler DS (1980) The evolution of thallus form
and survival strategies in benthic macroalgae: Field and laboratory studies of functional form model. Am Nat 116: 25–44
Long WJL, Coles RG and McKenzie LJ (1996) Deepwater seagrasses in northeastern Australia—How deep, how meaningful? In: Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker DI and Kirkman H (eds)
Seagrass Biology, pp 41–50. University of Western Australia,
Perth
Mazzella L. (1999) Epiphytic diatoms of seagrasses (Posidonia
australis, P. sinuosa, P. coriacea) from Western Australia. In:
Walker DI and Wells FE (eds) The Seagrass Flora and Fauna
of Rottnest Island, pp 89–100. Western Australian Museum,
Perth
Mazzella L, Buia MC and Spinoccia L (1994) Biodiversity of
epiphytic diatom community on leaves of Posidonia oceanica. In: Marino D and Montresor M (eds) Proceedings of
the 13th Diatom Symposium, pp 241–251. Biopress Ltd,
Bristol
McMahon K, Young E, Montgomery S, Cosgrove J, Wilshaw
J and Walker DI (1997) Status of shallow seagrass system,
Geographe Bay, south-western Australia. J Roy Soc WA 80:
255–262
Moncreiff CA, Sullivan MJ and Daehnick AE (1992) Primary production dynamics in seagrass beds of Mississippi
Sound—The contributions of seagrass, epiphytic algae, sand
microflora, and phytoplankton. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 87: 161–
171
Moore KA and Wetzel RL (2000) Seasonal variations in eelgrass
(Zostera marina L.) responses to nutrient enrichment and reduced light availability in experimental ecosystems. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 244: 1–28
Morgan MD and Kitting CL (1984) Productivity and utilization
of the seagrass Halodule wrightii and its attached epiphytes.
Limnol Oceanogr 29: 1099–1076
Mukai H and Ishijima A (1995) Grazing effects of a gammarian Amphipoda, Amphithoe sp., on the seagrass, Syringodium
isoetifolium, and epiphytes in a tropical seagrass bed of Fiji.
Ecol Res 10: 243–257
Nagle JS (1968) Distribution of the epibiota of macroepibenthic
plants. Univ Tex Contrib Mar Sci 13: 105–144
Neckles HA (1993) The role of epiphytes in seagrass production and survival: Microcosm studies and simulation modelling. In: Morris LJ and Tomasko DA (eds) Proceedings and
Conclusions of Workshops on: Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
and Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Special Publication
SJ93-SP13, pp 91–105. St Johns River Water Management
District, Palatka, Florida
Nielsen J and Lethbridge R (1989) Feeding and the epiphyte food
resource of gastropods living on the leaves of the seagrass
Amphibolis griffithii in southwestern Australia. J Malacol Soc
Aust 10: 47–58
Nishihara M (1968) Distribution pattern of hydrozoa on the
broad-leaved eelgrass and narrow-leaves eelgrass. Bull Mar
Biol Stat Asamushi 13: 125–138
Novak R (1984) A study in ultra-ecology: Microorganisms on the
seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) D´ elile. PSZN I: Mar Ecol 5:
143–190