384
Kenneth A. Moore and Frederick T. Short
Phillips RC (1974) Transplantation of seagrasses, with special
emphasis on eelgrass, Zostera marina L. Aquaculture 4: 161–
176
Phillips RC and Backman TW (1983) Phenology and reproductive biology of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) at Bahia Kino,
Sea of Cortez, Mexico. Aquat Bot 17: 85–90
Phillips RC, Grant WS and McRoy CP (1983) Reproductive
strategies of eelgrass Zostera marina. Aquat Bot 16: 1–20
Phillips RC and Me˜ nez EG (1988) Seagrasses. Smithsonian
Contributions to the Marine Sciences No. 34. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, DC
Phillips RC and Wyllie-Echeverria S (1990) Zostera asiatica
Miki on the Pacific Coast of North America. Pac Sci 44: 130–
134
Phillips SW, Focazio MJ and Bachman LJ (1999) Discharge,
Nitrate Load and Residence Time of Ground Water in the
Chesapeake Bay Watershed. U.S. Geological Survey Fact
Sheet FS-150-99, p 6
Pinnerup SP (1980) Leaf production of Zostera marina L. at
different salinities. Ophelia Supplement 1: 219–224
Portig AA, Mathers RG, Montgomery WI and Govier RN (1994)
The distribution and utilization of Zostera species in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland. Aquat Bot 47: 317–328
Posey MH (1988) Community changes associated with the
spread of an introduced seagrass, Zostera japonica. Ecology
69: 974–983
Procaccini G, Buia MC, Gambi MC, Perez M, Pergent G,
Pergent-Martini C and Romero J (2003) The seagrasses of
the western Mediterranean. In: Green EP and Short FT (eds)
World Atlas of Seagrasses, pp 48–58. University of California
Press, Berkeley
Preen A (1995) Impacts of dugong foraging on seagrass habitats: Observational and experimental evidence for cultivation
grazing. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 124: 201–213
Pregnall AM, Smith RD, Kursar TA and Alberte RS (1984)
Metabolic adaptation of Zostera marina (eelgrass) to diurnal
periods of root anoxia. Mar Biol 83: 141–147
Ralph PJ (1999) Photosynthetic response of Halophila ovalis
Hook f. to combined environmental stress. Aquat Bot 1329:
1–4
Ralph PJ, Polk SM, Moore KA, Orth RJ and Smith WO (2002)
Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in the seagrass Zostera
marina in response to variable irradiance. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
271: 189–207
Ralph PJ and Short FT (2002) Impact of the wasting disease pathogen, Labyrinthula zosterae, on the photobiology
of eelgrass, Zostera marina. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 228: 265–
271
Ramage DL and Schiel DR (1998) Reproduction in the seagrass
Zostera novazelandica on intertidal platforms in southern New
Zealand. Mar Biol 130: 470–489
Rasmussen E (1977) The wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera
marina) and its effects on environmental factors and fauna.
In: McRoy CP and Helfferich C (eds) Seagrass Ecosystems:
A Scientific Perspective, pp 1–52. Marcel Dekker, New York
Reid RN, MacKenzie CL Jr and Vitaliano JJ (1993) A failed
attempt to re-establish eelgrass in Raritan Bay (New York/New
Jersey). NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service. Northeast
Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 93–27, p 4
Renn CE (1934) Wasting disease of Zostera in American waters.
Nature 134: 416
Reusch TBH (2001) New markers-old questions: Population genetics of seagrasses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 211: 261–274
Reusch TBH (2002) Microsatellites reveal high population connectivity in eelgrass (Zostera marina) in two contrasting
coastal areas. Limnol Oceanogr 47: 78–85
Reusch TBH (2003) Floral neighbourhoods in the sea: How floral
density, opportunity for outcrossing and population fragmentation affect seed set in Zostera marina. J Ecol 91: 610–615
Reusch TBH, Bostr¨ om C, Stan WT and Olsen JL (1999a) An
ancient eelgrass clone in the Baltic. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 183:
301–304
Reusch TBH, Stam WT and Olsen JL (1999b) Size and estimated
age of genets in eelgrass, Zostera marina, assessed with microsatellite markers. Mar Biol 133: 519–525
Reusch TBH, Stam WT and Olsen JL (2000) A microsatellitebased estimation of clonal diversity and population subdivision in Zostera marina, a marine flowering plant. Mol Ecol 9:
127–140
Robertson AI and Mann KH (1984) Disturbance by ice and lifehistory adaptation of the seagrass Zostera marina. Mar Biol
80: 131–141
Robinson MA and Reay WG (2002) Ground water flow analysis of a Mid-Atlantic outer Coastal Plain watershed, Virginia,
U.S.A. Ground Water 40: 123–131
Ruckelshaus MH (1995) Estimates of outcrossing rates and of inbreeding depression in a population of the marine angiosperm
Zostera marina. Mar Biol 123: 583–593
Ruckelshaus MH (1996) Estimation of genetic neighborhood
parameters from pollen and seed dispersal in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L. Evolution 50: 856–864
Ruckelshaus MH (1998) Spatial scale of genetic structure and
an indirect estimate of gene flow in eelgrass, Zostera marina.
Evolution 52: 330–343
Sand-Jensen K (1989) Environmental variables and their effect
on photosynthesis of aquatic plant communities. Aquat Bot
34: 5–25
Schutten J, Van Der Velden JA and Smit H (1994) Submerged
macrophytes in the recently freshened lake system VolkerakZoom (The Netherlands), 1987–1991. Hydrobiologia 275–
276: 207–218
Shin H and Choi HK (1998) Taxonomy and distribution of
Zostera (Zosteraceae) in eastern Asia, with special reference
to Korea. Aquat Bot 60: 49–66
Short FT (1983) The seagrass, Zostera marina L.: Plant morphology and bed structure in relation to sediment ammonium
in Izembek, Lagoon, Alaska. Aquat Bot 16: 149–161
Short FT (1987) Effects of sediment nutrients on seagrasses:
Literature review and mesocosm experiments. Aquat Bot 27:
41–57
Short FT (1988) Eelgrass-scallop research in the Niantic River.
Waterford-East Lyme, CT Shellfish Commission, Final Report, p 38
Short FT and Duarte CM (2001) Methods for the measurement
of seagrass growth and production. In: Short FT and Coles
RG (eds) Global Seagrass Research Methods, pp 155–182.
Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam
Short FT and McRoy CP (1984) Nitrogen uptake by leaves and
roots of the seagrass Zostera marina L. Botanica Marina 27:
547–555
Short FT and Neckles H (1999) The effects of global climate
change on seagrasses. Aquat Bot 63: 169–196
Kenneth A. Moore and Frederick T. Short
Phillips RC (1974) Transplantation of seagrasses, with special
emphasis on eelgrass, Zostera marina L. Aquaculture 4: 161–
176
Phillips RC and Backman TW (1983) Phenology and reproductive biology of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) at Bahia Kino,
Sea of Cortez, Mexico. Aquat Bot 17: 85–90
Phillips RC, Grant WS and McRoy CP (1983) Reproductive
strategies of eelgrass Zostera marina. Aquat Bot 16: 1–20
Phillips RC and Me˜ nez EG (1988) Seagrasses. Smithsonian
Contributions to the Marine Sciences No. 34. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, DC
Phillips RC and Wyllie-Echeverria S (1990) Zostera asiatica
Miki on the Pacific Coast of North America. Pac Sci 44: 130–
134
Phillips SW, Focazio MJ and Bachman LJ (1999) Discharge,
Nitrate Load and Residence Time of Ground Water in the
Chesapeake Bay Watershed. U.S. Geological Survey Fact
Sheet FS-150-99, p 6
Pinnerup SP (1980) Leaf production of Zostera marina L. at
different salinities. Ophelia Supplement 1: 219–224
Portig AA, Mathers RG, Montgomery WI and Govier RN (1994)
The distribution and utilization of Zostera species in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland. Aquat Bot 47: 317–328
Posey MH (1988) Community changes associated with the
spread of an introduced seagrass, Zostera japonica. Ecology
69: 974–983
Procaccini G, Buia MC, Gambi MC, Perez M, Pergent G,
Pergent-Martini C and Romero J (2003) The seagrasses of
the western Mediterranean. In: Green EP and Short FT (eds)
World Atlas of Seagrasses, pp 48–58. University of California
Press, Berkeley
Preen A (1995) Impacts of dugong foraging on seagrass habitats: Observational and experimental evidence for cultivation
grazing. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 124: 201–213
Pregnall AM, Smith RD, Kursar TA and Alberte RS (1984)
Metabolic adaptation of Zostera marina (eelgrass) to diurnal
periods of root anoxia. Mar Biol 83: 141–147
Ralph PJ (1999) Photosynthetic response of Halophila ovalis
Hook f. to combined environmental stress. Aquat Bot 1329:
1–4
Ralph PJ, Polk SM, Moore KA, Orth RJ and Smith WO (2002)
Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in the seagrass Zostera
marina in response to variable irradiance. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
271: 189–207
Ralph PJ and Short FT (2002) Impact of the wasting disease pathogen, Labyrinthula zosterae, on the photobiology
of eelgrass, Zostera marina. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 228: 265–
271
Ramage DL and Schiel DR (1998) Reproduction in the seagrass
Zostera novazelandica on intertidal platforms in southern New
Zealand. Mar Biol 130: 470–489
Rasmussen E (1977) The wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera
marina) and its effects on environmental factors and fauna.
In: McRoy CP and Helfferich C (eds) Seagrass Ecosystems:
A Scientific Perspective, pp 1–52. Marcel Dekker, New York
Reid RN, MacKenzie CL Jr and Vitaliano JJ (1993) A failed
attempt to re-establish eelgrass in Raritan Bay (New York/New
Jersey). NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service. Northeast
Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 93–27, p 4
Renn CE (1934) Wasting disease of Zostera in American waters.
Nature 134: 416
Reusch TBH (2001) New markers-old questions: Population genetics of seagrasses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 211: 261–274
Reusch TBH (2002) Microsatellites reveal high population connectivity in eelgrass (Zostera marina) in two contrasting
coastal areas. Limnol Oceanogr 47: 78–85
Reusch TBH (2003) Floral neighbourhoods in the sea: How floral
density, opportunity for outcrossing and population fragmentation affect seed set in Zostera marina. J Ecol 91: 610–615
Reusch TBH, Bostr¨ om C, Stan WT and Olsen JL (1999a) An
ancient eelgrass clone in the Baltic. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 183:
301–304
Reusch TBH, Stam WT and Olsen JL (1999b) Size and estimated
age of genets in eelgrass, Zostera marina, assessed with microsatellite markers. Mar Biol 133: 519–525
Reusch TBH, Stam WT and Olsen JL (2000) A microsatellitebased estimation of clonal diversity and population subdivision in Zostera marina, a marine flowering plant. Mol Ecol 9:
127–140
Robertson AI and Mann KH (1984) Disturbance by ice and lifehistory adaptation of the seagrass Zostera marina. Mar Biol
80: 131–141
Robinson MA and Reay WG (2002) Ground water flow analysis of a Mid-Atlantic outer Coastal Plain watershed, Virginia,
U.S.A. Ground Water 40: 123–131
Ruckelshaus MH (1995) Estimates of outcrossing rates and of inbreeding depression in a population of the marine angiosperm
Zostera marina. Mar Biol 123: 583–593
Ruckelshaus MH (1996) Estimation of genetic neighborhood
parameters from pollen and seed dispersal in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L. Evolution 50: 856–864
Ruckelshaus MH (1998) Spatial scale of genetic structure and
an indirect estimate of gene flow in eelgrass, Zostera marina.
Evolution 52: 330–343
Sand-Jensen K (1989) Environmental variables and their effect
on photosynthesis of aquatic plant communities. Aquat Bot
34: 5–25
Schutten J, Van Der Velden JA and Smit H (1994) Submerged
macrophytes in the recently freshened lake system VolkerakZoom (The Netherlands), 1987–1991. Hydrobiologia 275–
276: 207–218
Shin H and Choi HK (1998) Taxonomy and distribution of
Zostera (Zosteraceae) in eastern Asia, with special reference
to Korea. Aquat Bot 60: 49–66
Short FT (1983) The seagrass, Zostera marina L.: Plant morphology and bed structure in relation to sediment ammonium
in Izembek, Lagoon, Alaska. Aquat Bot 16: 149–161
Short FT (1987) Effects of sediment nutrients on seagrasses:
Literature review and mesocosm experiments. Aquat Bot 27:
41–57
Short FT (1988) Eelgrass-scallop research in the Niantic River.
Waterford-East Lyme, CT Shellfish Commission, Final Report, p 38
Short FT and Duarte CM (2001) Methods for the measurement
of seagrass growth and production. In: Short FT and Coles
RG (eds) Global Seagrass Research Methods, pp 155–182.
Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam
Short FT and McRoy CP (1984) Nitrogen uptake by leaves and
roots of the seagrass Zostera marina L. Botanica Marina 27:
547–555
Short FT and Neckles H (1999) The effects of global climate
change on seagrasses. Aquat Bot 63: 169–196