Chapter 16 Biology of Zostera
381
Fredette T, Fonseca M, Kenworthy J and Wyllie-Echeverria S
(1988) An investigation of eelgrass (Zostera marina) transplanting feasibility in San Francisco Bay, CA. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Missouri,
Internal Working Document, El-88-2f p 35
Fredette TJ, Diaz R, van Montfrans JJ and Orth RJ (1990) Secondary production within a seagrass bed (Zostera marinaRuppia maritima) in lower Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries 13:
431–440
Goforth HW and Peeling TJ (1980) Intertidal and subtidal eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) transplant studies in San Diego Bay,
California. Technical Report 505. Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA p 25
Goodman JL, Moore KA and Dennison WC (1995) Photosynthetic responses of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) to light and
sediment sulfide in a shallow barrier island lagoon. Aquat Bot
50: 37–47
Granger SL, Traver MS and Nixon SW (2000) Propagation of
Zostera marina L. from seed. In: Sheppard CRC (ed) Seas
at the Millennium: An Environmental Evaluation. Vol. III,
Global Issues and Processes, pp 4–5. Pergamon, Amsterdam
Green EP and Short FT (eds) (2003) World Atlas of Seagrasses.
University of California Press, Berkeley, California
Grizzle RE, Short FT, Hoven H, Kindbloom L and Newell CR
(1996) Hydrodynamically induced synchronous waving of
seagrasses: “Monami” and its possible effects on larval mussel
settlement. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 206: 165–177
Guerrini A, Colangelo MA, Ceccherelli VU, Baden S, Pihl L,
Stromberg J, Svane I and Rosenberg R (1999) Recolonization
patterns of meiobenthic communities in brackish vegetated
and unvegetated habitats after induced hypoxia/anoxia. Hydrobiologia 375–376: 73–87
Hammerli A and Reusch TBH (2003) Inbreeding depression influences genet size distribution in a marine angiosperm. Mol
Ecol 12: 619–629
Hansen JW, Udy JW, Perry CJ, Dennison WC and Lomstein BA
(2000) Effect of the seagrass Zostera capricorni on sediment
microbial processes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 199: 83–96
Harrison PG (1982) Comparative growth of Zostera japonica Aschers. & Graebn. and Z. marina L. under simulated intertidal
and subtidal conditions. Aquat Bot 14: 373–379
Harrison PG (1990) Variations in success of eelgrass transplants
over a five-year period. Environ Conservation 17: 157–163
Harrison PG (1993) Variations in demography of Zostera marina
and Z. noltii on an intertidal gradient. Aquat Bot 45: 63–77
Harrison PG (1999) Variations in demography of Zostera marina
and Z. noltii on an intertidal gradient. Aquat Bot 45: 63–77
Harrison PG and Bigley RE (1982) The recent introduction of the
seagrass Zostera japonica Aschers. and Graebn. to the Pacific
Coast of North America. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39: 1642–1648
Harwell MC and Orth RJ (1999) Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)
seed protection for field experiments and implications for
large-scale restoration. Aquat Bot 64: 51–61
Harwell MC and Orth RJ (2001) Influence of a tube-dwelling
polychaete on the dispersal of fragmented reproductive shoots
of eelgrass. Aquat Bot 70: 1–7
Harwell MC and Orth RJ (2002) Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. Ecology 83: 3319–3330
Hauxwell J, Cebrian J, Furlong C and Valiela I (2001) Macroalgal
canopies contribute to eelgrass (Zostera marina) decline in
temperate estuarine ecosystems. Ecology 82: 1007–1022
Heck KL, Able KW, Fahay MP and Roman CT (1989) Fishes and
decapod crustaceans of Cape Cod eelgrass meadows: Species
composition, seasonal abundance patterns and comparison
with unvegetated substrates. Estuaries 12: 59–65
Heck KL, Able KW, Roman CT and Fahay MP (1995) Composition, abundance, biomass, and production of macrofauna in a
New England estuary: Comparisons among eelgrass meadows
and other nursery habitats. Estuaries 18: 379–389
Heck KL, Hays G and Orth RJ (2003) Critical evaluation of the
nursery role hypothesis for seagrass meadows. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 253: 123–136
Heiss WM, Smith AM and Keith PP (2000) Influence of the
small intertidal seagrass Zostera novazelandica on linear water
flow and sediment texture. N Z J Mar Freshwater Res 34:
689–694
Hemminga MA, Koutstaal BP, van Soelen J and Merks AGA
(1994) The nitrogen supply to intertidal eelgrass (Zostera marina). Mar Biol 118: 223–227
Hily C, van Katwijk MM and den Hartog C (2003) The seagrasses
of Western Europe. In: Green EP and Short FT (eds) World
Atlas of Seagrasses, pp 38–47. University of California Press,
Berkeley
Hoffman RS (1988) Recovery of eelgrass beds in Mission
Bay, San Diego, California following beach restoration work.
In: Merkel KW and Hoffman RS (eds) Proceedings of the
California Eelgrass Symposium, pp 21–27. Chula Vista,
CA
Hootsmans MJM, Vermaat JE and van Vierssen W (1987) Seedbank development, germination and early seedling survival of
two seagrass species from the Netherlands: Zostera marina L.
and Zostera noltii hornem. Aquat Bot 28: 275–285
Hoven HM, Gaudette HE and Short FT (1999) Isotope ratios of
206Pb/207Pb in eelgrass, Zostera marina L., indicate sources
of Pb in an estuary. Mar Environ Res 48: 377–387
Huong TTL, Vermaat JE, Terrados J, Van Tien N, Duarte CM,
Borum J and Tri NH (2003) Seasonality and depth zonation of
intertidal Halophila ovalis and Zostera japonica in Ha Long
Bay (northern Vietnam). Aquat Bot 75: 147–157
Inglis GJ (2003) The seagrasses of New Zealand. In: Green EP
and Short FT (eds) World Atlas of Seagrasses, pp 134–143.
University of California Press, Berkeley
Iizumi H and Hattori A (1982) Growth and organic production of
eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in temperate waters of the Pacific
coast of Japan. III. The kinetics of nitrogen uptake. Aquat Bot
12: 245–256
Jenkins GP, May HMA, Wheatly MJ and Holoway MG (1997)
Comparison of fish assemblages associated with seagrass and
adjacent unvegetated habitats of Port Phillip Bay and Corner Inlet, Victoria, with emphasis on commercial species. Est
Coast Shelf Sci 44: 569–588
Kato Y, Aioi K, Omori Y, Takahata N and Satta Y (2003) Phylogenetic analyses of Zostera species based on rbcL and matK
nucleotide sequences: Implications for the origin and diversification of seagrasses in Japanese waters. Genes Genet Syst
78: 329–342
Keddy CJ and Patriquin DG (1978) An annual form of eelgrass
in Nova Scotia. Aquat Bot 5: 163–170
Kemp WM, Batiuk R, Bartleson R, Moore K, Bergstrom P, Carter
V, Gallegos C, Humnley W, Karrh L, Koch EW, Landwehr J,
Moore K, Murray L, Naylor M, Rybicki N, Stevenson JC and
Wilcox D (2004) Habitat requirements for submerged aquatic
381
Fredette T, Fonseca M, Kenworthy J and Wyllie-Echeverria S
(1988) An investigation of eelgrass (Zostera marina) transplanting feasibility in San Francisco Bay, CA. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Missouri,
Internal Working Document, El-88-2f p 35
Fredette TJ, Diaz R, van Montfrans JJ and Orth RJ (1990) Secondary production within a seagrass bed (Zostera marinaRuppia maritima) in lower Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries 13:
431–440
Goforth HW and Peeling TJ (1980) Intertidal and subtidal eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) transplant studies in San Diego Bay,
California. Technical Report 505. Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA p 25
Goodman JL, Moore KA and Dennison WC (1995) Photosynthetic responses of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) to light and
sediment sulfide in a shallow barrier island lagoon. Aquat Bot
50: 37–47
Granger SL, Traver MS and Nixon SW (2000) Propagation of
Zostera marina L. from seed. In: Sheppard CRC (ed) Seas
at the Millennium: An Environmental Evaluation. Vol. III,
Global Issues and Processes, pp 4–5. Pergamon, Amsterdam
Green EP and Short FT (eds) (2003) World Atlas of Seagrasses.
University of California Press, Berkeley, California
Grizzle RE, Short FT, Hoven H, Kindbloom L and Newell CR
(1996) Hydrodynamically induced synchronous waving of
seagrasses: “Monami” and its possible effects on larval mussel
settlement. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 206: 165–177
Guerrini A, Colangelo MA, Ceccherelli VU, Baden S, Pihl L,
Stromberg J, Svane I and Rosenberg R (1999) Recolonization
patterns of meiobenthic communities in brackish vegetated
and unvegetated habitats after induced hypoxia/anoxia. Hydrobiologia 375–376: 73–87
Hammerli A and Reusch TBH (2003) Inbreeding depression influences genet size distribution in a marine angiosperm. Mol
Ecol 12: 619–629
Hansen JW, Udy JW, Perry CJ, Dennison WC and Lomstein BA
(2000) Effect of the seagrass Zostera capricorni on sediment
microbial processes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 199: 83–96
Harrison PG (1982) Comparative growth of Zostera japonica Aschers. & Graebn. and Z. marina L. under simulated intertidal
and subtidal conditions. Aquat Bot 14: 373–379
Harrison PG (1990) Variations in success of eelgrass transplants
over a five-year period. Environ Conservation 17: 157–163
Harrison PG (1993) Variations in demography of Zostera marina
and Z. noltii on an intertidal gradient. Aquat Bot 45: 63–77
Harrison PG (1999) Variations in demography of Zostera marina
and Z. noltii on an intertidal gradient. Aquat Bot 45: 63–77
Harrison PG and Bigley RE (1982) The recent introduction of the
seagrass Zostera japonica Aschers. and Graebn. to the Pacific
Coast of North America. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39: 1642–1648
Harwell MC and Orth RJ (1999) Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)
seed protection for field experiments and implications for
large-scale restoration. Aquat Bot 64: 51–61
Harwell MC and Orth RJ (2001) Influence of a tube-dwelling
polychaete on the dispersal of fragmented reproductive shoots
of eelgrass. Aquat Bot 70: 1–7
Harwell MC and Orth RJ (2002) Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. Ecology 83: 3319–3330
Hauxwell J, Cebrian J, Furlong C and Valiela I (2001) Macroalgal
canopies contribute to eelgrass (Zostera marina) decline in
temperate estuarine ecosystems. Ecology 82: 1007–1022
Heck KL, Able KW, Fahay MP and Roman CT (1989) Fishes and
decapod crustaceans of Cape Cod eelgrass meadows: Species
composition, seasonal abundance patterns and comparison
with unvegetated substrates. Estuaries 12: 59–65
Heck KL, Able KW, Roman CT and Fahay MP (1995) Composition, abundance, biomass, and production of macrofauna in a
New England estuary: Comparisons among eelgrass meadows
and other nursery habitats. Estuaries 18: 379–389
Heck KL, Hays G and Orth RJ (2003) Critical evaluation of the
nursery role hypothesis for seagrass meadows. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 253: 123–136
Heiss WM, Smith AM and Keith PP (2000) Influence of the
small intertidal seagrass Zostera novazelandica on linear water
flow and sediment texture. N Z J Mar Freshwater Res 34:
689–694
Hemminga MA, Koutstaal BP, van Soelen J and Merks AGA
(1994) The nitrogen supply to intertidal eelgrass (Zostera marina). Mar Biol 118: 223–227
Hily C, van Katwijk MM and den Hartog C (2003) The seagrasses
of Western Europe. In: Green EP and Short FT (eds) World
Atlas of Seagrasses, pp 38–47. University of California Press,
Berkeley
Hoffman RS (1988) Recovery of eelgrass beds in Mission
Bay, San Diego, California following beach restoration work.
In: Merkel KW and Hoffman RS (eds) Proceedings of the
California Eelgrass Symposium, pp 21–27. Chula Vista,
CA
Hootsmans MJM, Vermaat JE and van Vierssen W (1987) Seedbank development, germination and early seedling survival of
two seagrass species from the Netherlands: Zostera marina L.
and Zostera noltii hornem. Aquat Bot 28: 275–285
Hoven HM, Gaudette HE and Short FT (1999) Isotope ratios of
206Pb/207Pb in eelgrass, Zostera marina L., indicate sources
of Pb in an estuary. Mar Environ Res 48: 377–387
Huong TTL, Vermaat JE, Terrados J, Van Tien N, Duarte CM,
Borum J and Tri NH (2003) Seasonality and depth zonation of
intertidal Halophila ovalis and Zostera japonica in Ha Long
Bay (northern Vietnam). Aquat Bot 75: 147–157
Inglis GJ (2003) The seagrasses of New Zealand. In: Green EP
and Short FT (eds) World Atlas of Seagrasses, pp 134–143.
University of California Press, Berkeley
Iizumi H and Hattori A (1982) Growth and organic production of
eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in temperate waters of the Pacific
coast of Japan. III. The kinetics of nitrogen uptake. Aquat Bot
12: 245–256
Jenkins GP, May HMA, Wheatly MJ and Holoway MG (1997)
Comparison of fish assemblages associated with seagrass and
adjacent unvegetated habitats of Port Phillip Bay and Corner Inlet, Victoria, with emphasis on commercial species. Est
Coast Shelf Sci 44: 569–588
Kato Y, Aioi K, Omori Y, Takahata N and Satta Y (2003) Phylogenetic analyses of Zostera species based on rbcL and matK
nucleotide sequences: Implications for the origin and diversification of seagrasses in Japanese waters. Genes Genet Syst
78: 329–342
Keddy CJ and Patriquin DG (1978) An annual form of eelgrass
in Nova Scotia. Aquat Bot 5: 163–170
Kemp WM, Batiuk R, Bartleson R, Moore K, Bergstrom P, Carter
V, Gallegos C, Humnley W, Karrh L, Koch EW, Landwehr J,
Moore K, Murray L, Naylor M, Rybicki N, Stevenson JC and
Wilcox D (2004) Habitat requirements for submerged aquatic