Chapter 8 Fluid Dynamics in Seagrass Ecology
223
flat sediment of Green Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 175: 251–259
M¨ oller I, Spencer T, French JR, Leggett DJ and Dixon M (1999)
Wave transformation over salt marshes: A field and numerical modeling study from North Norfolk, England. Estuarine
Coastal Shelf Sci 49: 411–426
Moncreiff CA, Randall TA, Caldwell JD, McCall RK, Blackburn
BR, Vander Kooy KE and Criss GA (1999) Short-term effects
of Hurricane Georges on seagrass populations in the north
Chandeleur Islands: Patterns as a function of sampling scale.
Gulf Res Rep 11: 74–75
Monismith SG and Fong DA (2004) A note on the potential
transport of scalars and organisms by surface waves. Limnol
Oceanogr 49: 1214–1217
Moore K, Neckles H and Orth R (1996) Zostera marina growth
and survival along a gradient of nutrients and turbidity in the
lower Chesapeake Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 142: 247–259
Nagelkerken I, Kleijnen S, Klop T, van den Brand RACJ,
Cocheret de la Morini` ere E and van der Velde G (2001) Dependence of Caribbean reef fishes on mangroves and seagrass
beds as nursery habitats: A comparison of fish faunas between
bays with and without mangroves/seagrass beds. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 214: 225–235
Nepf HM and Koch EW (1999) Vertical secondary flows in stem
arrays. Limnol Oceanogr 44: 1072–1080
Nepf HM and Vivoni ER (2000) Flow structure in depth limited
vegetated flow. J Geophysical Res 105: 28,547–28,557
Newell CR, Hidu H, McAlice BJ, Podnieski G, Short F and Kindbloom L (1991) Recruitment and commercial seed procurement of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis in Maine. J World
Aquaculture Soc 22: 134–152
Niklas KJ (1992) Plant Biomechanics. University of Chicago
Press, Chicago
Niklas KJ (1998) The mechanical roles of clasping leaf sheaths:
Evidence from Arundinaria tecta shoots subject to bending
and twisting forces. Ann Bot 81: 23–34
Nikora VI, Goring DG and Biggs BJF (2002) Some observations
of the effect of micro-organisms growing on the bed of an open
channel on the turbulence properties. J Fluid Mech 450: 317–
341
Nowell ARM and Jumars PA (1984) Flow environments of
aquatic benthos. Annu Rev Ecol Systematics 15: 303–
328
Ochieng CA and Erftemeijer PLA (1999) Accumulation of
seagrass beach cast along the Kenyan coast: A quantitative
assessment. Aquat Bot 65: 221–238
Ogden JC (1980) Faunal relationships in Caribbean seagrass
beds. In: Phillips RC and McRoy CP (eds) Handbook of
Seagrass Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective, pp 173–198.
Garland STPM, New York
Okubo A, Ackerman JD and Swaney DP (2002) Passive diffusion
in ecosystems. In: Okubo A and Levin S (eds) Diffusion and
Ecological Problems: New Perspectives, pp 31–106. Springer
Verlag, New York
Orth RJ (1975) Destruction of eelgrass, Zostera marina, by the
cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the Chesapeake Bay.
Chesapeake Sci 16: 205–208
Orth RJ, Fishman JR, Wilcox DJ and Moore KA (2002) Identification and management of fishing gear impacts in a recovering
seagrass system in the coastal bays of the Delmarva Peninsula,
USA. J Coastal Res 37: 111–129
Othman MA (1994) Value of mangroves in coastal protection.
Hydrobiologia 285: 277–282
Paling EI (1991) The relationship between nitrogen cycling and
productivity in macroalgal stands and seagrass meadows. PhD
Thesis, University of Western Australia, Perth, 316 pp
Paling EI, van Keulen M and Wheeler KD (2003) The influence
of spacing on mechanically transplanted seagrass survival in
a high energy regime. Restoration Ecol 11: 56–61
Palmer MR, Nepf HM, Pettersson TJR and Ackerman JD (2004)
Observations of particle capture on a cylindrical collector:
Implications for particle accumulation and removal in aquatic
systems. Limnol Oceanogr 49: 76–85
Patriquin DG (1975) “Migration” of blowouts in seagrass beds
at Barbados and Caricou, West Indies, and its ecological and
geological implications. Aquat Bot 1: 163–189
Patterson DM and Black KS (1999) Water flow, sediment dynamics and benthic biology. Adv Ecol Res 29: 155–193
Patterson MR, Harwell MC, Orth LM and Orth RJ (2001) Biomechanical properties of reproductive shoots of eelgrass. Aquat
Bot 69: 27–40
Peterson CH, Luettich RA Jr, Micheli F and Skilleter GA (2004)
Attenuation of water flow inside seagrass canopies of differing
structure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 268: 81–92
Pettitt JM (1984) Aspects of flowering and pollination in marine
angiosperms. Oceanography Mar Biol Annu Rev 22: 315–342
Phillips RC (1980) Responses of transplanted and indigenous
Thalassia testudinum and Halodule wrightii to sediment loading and cold stress. Contrib Mar Sci 23: 79–87
Pinckney JL and Micheli F (1998) Microalgae on seagrass mimics: Does epiphyte community structure differ from live seagrasses? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 221: 59–70
Powell GVN and Schaffner FC (1991) Water trapping by seagrasses occupying bank habitats in Florida Bay. Estuarine
Coastal Shelf Sci 32: 43–60
Prager EJ and Halley RB (1999) The influence of seagrass on
shell layers and Florida Bay mudbanks. J Coastal Res 15:
1151–1162
Prandtl L and Tietjens OG (1934) Applied Hydro- and Aeromechanics. Dover Publications, New York
Preen A (1995) Impacts of dugong foraging on seagrass habitats: Observational and experimental evidence for cultivation
grazing. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 124: 201–213
Preen AR, Lee Long WJ and Coles RG (1995) Flood and cyclone
related loss, and partial recovery, of more than 1000 km
2 of
seagrass in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia. Aquat Bot 52:
3–17
Rasmussen E (1977) The wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera
marina) and its effects on environmental factors and fauna.
In: McRoy CP and Helfferich C (eds) Seagrass Ecosystems,
pp 1–52. Marcel Dekker, New York
Raupach MR, Antonia AR and Rajagopalan S (1991) Roughwall turbulent boundary layers. Appl Mech Rev 44: 1–25
Reusch TBH (2000) Pollination in the marine realm: Microsatellites reveal high outcrossing rates and multiple paternity in
eelgrass Zostera marina. Heredity 85: 459–464
Robbins BD and Bell SS (1994) Seagrass landscapes: A terrestrial approach to the marine subtidal environment. Trends Ecol
Evol 9: 301–304
Robbins BD and Bell SS (2000) Dynamics of a subtidal seagrass
landscape: Seasonal and annual change in relation to water
depth. Ecol 81: 1193–1205
223
flat sediment of Green Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 175: 251–259
M¨ oller I, Spencer T, French JR, Leggett DJ and Dixon M (1999)
Wave transformation over salt marshes: A field and numerical modeling study from North Norfolk, England. Estuarine
Coastal Shelf Sci 49: 411–426
Moncreiff CA, Randall TA, Caldwell JD, McCall RK, Blackburn
BR, Vander Kooy KE and Criss GA (1999) Short-term effects
of Hurricane Georges on seagrass populations in the north
Chandeleur Islands: Patterns as a function of sampling scale.
Gulf Res Rep 11: 74–75
Monismith SG and Fong DA (2004) A note on the potential
transport of scalars and organisms by surface waves. Limnol
Oceanogr 49: 1214–1217
Moore K, Neckles H and Orth R (1996) Zostera marina growth
and survival along a gradient of nutrients and turbidity in the
lower Chesapeake Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 142: 247–259
Nagelkerken I, Kleijnen S, Klop T, van den Brand RACJ,
Cocheret de la Morini` ere E and van der Velde G (2001) Dependence of Caribbean reef fishes on mangroves and seagrass
beds as nursery habitats: A comparison of fish faunas between
bays with and without mangroves/seagrass beds. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 214: 225–235
Nepf HM and Koch EW (1999) Vertical secondary flows in stem
arrays. Limnol Oceanogr 44: 1072–1080
Nepf HM and Vivoni ER (2000) Flow structure in depth limited
vegetated flow. J Geophysical Res 105: 28,547–28,557
Newell CR, Hidu H, McAlice BJ, Podnieski G, Short F and Kindbloom L (1991) Recruitment and commercial seed procurement of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis in Maine. J World
Aquaculture Soc 22: 134–152
Niklas KJ (1992) Plant Biomechanics. University of Chicago
Press, Chicago
Niklas KJ (1998) The mechanical roles of clasping leaf sheaths:
Evidence from Arundinaria tecta shoots subject to bending
and twisting forces. Ann Bot 81: 23–34
Nikora VI, Goring DG and Biggs BJF (2002) Some observations
of the effect of micro-organisms growing on the bed of an open
channel on the turbulence properties. J Fluid Mech 450: 317–
341
Nowell ARM and Jumars PA (1984) Flow environments of
aquatic benthos. Annu Rev Ecol Systematics 15: 303–
328
Ochieng CA and Erftemeijer PLA (1999) Accumulation of
seagrass beach cast along the Kenyan coast: A quantitative
assessment. Aquat Bot 65: 221–238
Ogden JC (1980) Faunal relationships in Caribbean seagrass
beds. In: Phillips RC and McRoy CP (eds) Handbook of
Seagrass Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective, pp 173–198.
Garland STPM, New York
Okubo A, Ackerman JD and Swaney DP (2002) Passive diffusion
in ecosystems. In: Okubo A and Levin S (eds) Diffusion and
Ecological Problems: New Perspectives, pp 31–106. Springer
Verlag, New York
Orth RJ (1975) Destruction of eelgrass, Zostera marina, by the
cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the Chesapeake Bay.
Chesapeake Sci 16: 205–208
Orth RJ, Fishman JR, Wilcox DJ and Moore KA (2002) Identification and management of fishing gear impacts in a recovering
seagrass system in the coastal bays of the Delmarva Peninsula,
USA. J Coastal Res 37: 111–129
Othman MA (1994) Value of mangroves in coastal protection.
Hydrobiologia 285: 277–282
Paling EI (1991) The relationship between nitrogen cycling and
productivity in macroalgal stands and seagrass meadows. PhD
Thesis, University of Western Australia, Perth, 316 pp
Paling EI, van Keulen M and Wheeler KD (2003) The influence
of spacing on mechanically transplanted seagrass survival in
a high energy regime. Restoration Ecol 11: 56–61
Palmer MR, Nepf HM, Pettersson TJR and Ackerman JD (2004)
Observations of particle capture on a cylindrical collector:
Implications for particle accumulation and removal in aquatic
systems. Limnol Oceanogr 49: 76–85
Patriquin DG (1975) “Migration” of blowouts in seagrass beds
at Barbados and Caricou, West Indies, and its ecological and
geological implications. Aquat Bot 1: 163–189
Patterson DM and Black KS (1999) Water flow, sediment dynamics and benthic biology. Adv Ecol Res 29: 155–193
Patterson MR, Harwell MC, Orth LM and Orth RJ (2001) Biomechanical properties of reproductive shoots of eelgrass. Aquat
Bot 69: 27–40
Peterson CH, Luettich RA Jr, Micheli F and Skilleter GA (2004)
Attenuation of water flow inside seagrass canopies of differing
structure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 268: 81–92
Pettitt JM (1984) Aspects of flowering and pollination in marine
angiosperms. Oceanography Mar Biol Annu Rev 22: 315–342
Phillips RC (1980) Responses of transplanted and indigenous
Thalassia testudinum and Halodule wrightii to sediment loading and cold stress. Contrib Mar Sci 23: 79–87
Pinckney JL and Micheli F (1998) Microalgae on seagrass mimics: Does epiphyte community structure differ from live seagrasses? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 221: 59–70
Powell GVN and Schaffner FC (1991) Water trapping by seagrasses occupying bank habitats in Florida Bay. Estuarine
Coastal Shelf Sci 32: 43–60
Prager EJ and Halley RB (1999) The influence of seagrass on
shell layers and Florida Bay mudbanks. J Coastal Res 15:
1151–1162
Prandtl L and Tietjens OG (1934) Applied Hydro- and Aeromechanics. Dover Publications, New York
Preen A (1995) Impacts of dugong foraging on seagrass habitats: Observational and experimental evidence for cultivation
grazing. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 124: 201–213
Preen AR, Lee Long WJ and Coles RG (1995) Flood and cyclone
related loss, and partial recovery, of more than 1000 km
2 of
seagrass in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia. Aquat Bot 52:
3–17
Rasmussen E (1977) The wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera
marina) and its effects on environmental factors and fauna.
In: McRoy CP and Helfferich C (eds) Seagrass Ecosystems,
pp 1–52. Marcel Dekker, New York
Raupach MR, Antonia AR and Rajagopalan S (1991) Roughwall turbulent boundary layers. Appl Mech Rev 44: 1–25
Reusch TBH (2000) Pollination in the marine realm: Microsatellites reveal high outcrossing rates and multiple paternity in
eelgrass Zostera marina. Heredity 85: 459–464
Robbins BD and Bell SS (1994) Seagrass landscapes: A terrestrial approach to the marine subtidal environment. Trends Ecol
Evol 9: 301–304
Robbins BD and Bell SS (2000) Dynamics of a subtidal seagrass
landscape: Seasonal and annual change in relation to water
depth. Ecol 81: 1193–1205