Chapter 6 Seagrasses and Biogeochemistry
147
Table 3. Process rates in seagrass sediments. Values for unvegetated sediments are given in parentheses.
Sulfate
Nitrification
Denitrification N 2 fixation
reduction
Seagrass
µmol
µmol
µmol
mmol
species
Location
N m
−2 h
−1
N m
−2 h
−1
N m
−2 h
−1
m
−2 d
−1
References
Temperate
Cymodocea
nodosa
21 (18)
Holmer (unpublished)
Posidonia
oceanica
Spain
3–12
(1–11)
Holmer et al. (2003)
Zostera
marina
USA
410–2481
(228–2273)
71–209
(10–67)
Caffrey and Kemp
(1990)
Denmark
17
8–18
Risgaard-Petersen et al.
(1998)
Denmark
1.5
Ottosen et al. (1999)
Denmark
Risgaard-Petersen et al.
(2000)
Denmark
3.5–17.8
McGlathery et al.
(1998)
Denmark
25–59.1
(12.2)
Holmer and Nielsen
(1997)
Denmark
13.2–29.6
(7.8–
22.1)
Boschker et al. (2000)
Netherlands
7.4 (2.4)
Boschker et al. (2000)
Denmark
12–70
Blaabjerg et al. (1998)
Denmark
19–41
Holmer and Laursen
(2002)
Zostera noltii
France
Rysgaard et al. (1996)
France
Inner
eutrophic
station
3–12
Wit et al. (2001)
France outer
station
5–29
Wit et al. (2001)
France
2–6
15–19
13.7
Welsh et al. (1996,
2000)
France
29 (14.6)
Isaksen and Finster
(1996)
Tropical/
subtropical
Cymodocea
rotundata
Thailand
6(2)
Holmer et al. (2001)
Enhalus
acoroides
Australia
74
Moriarty and
O’Donohue (1993)
Australia
90(12)
Pollard and Moriarty
(1991)
Thailand
6–21
Holmer et al. (1999)
Halodule
beaudetti
Jamaica
83
34
Blackburn et al. (1994)
Syringodium
isoetifolium
Australia
48–140
Moriarty and
O’Donohue (1993)
Thalassia
hemprichii
Australia
39–56
Moriarty and
O’Donohue (1993)
Thailand
2 (2)
Holmer et al. (2001)
Thalassia
testudinum
USA
5
Ku et al. (1999)
Zostera
capricorni
Australia
57–69
Odonohue et al. (1991)
Australia
Hansen et al. (2000)
147
Table 3. Process rates in seagrass sediments. Values for unvegetated sediments are given in parentheses.
Sulfate
Nitrification
Denitrification N 2 fixation
reduction
Seagrass
µmol
µmol
µmol
mmol
species
Location
N m
−2 h
−1
N m
−2 h
−1
N m
−2 h
−1
m
−2 d
−1
References
Temperate
Cymodocea
nodosa
21 (18)
Holmer (unpublished)
Posidonia
oceanica
Spain
3–12
(1–11)
Holmer et al. (2003)
Zostera
marina
USA
410–2481
(228–2273)
71–209
(10–67)
Caffrey and Kemp
(1990)
Denmark
17
8–18
Risgaard-Petersen et al.
(1998)
Denmark
1.5
Ottosen et al. (1999)
Denmark
Risgaard-Petersen et al.
(2000)
Denmark
3.5–17.8
McGlathery et al.
(1998)
Denmark
25–59.1
(12.2)
Holmer and Nielsen
(1997)
Denmark
13.2–29.6
(7.8–
22.1)
Boschker et al. (2000)
Netherlands
7.4 (2.4)
Boschker et al. (2000)
Denmark
12–70
Blaabjerg et al. (1998)
Denmark
19–41
Holmer and Laursen
(2002)
Zostera noltii
France
Rysgaard et al. (1996)
France
Inner
eutrophic
station
3–12
Wit et al. (2001)
France outer
station
5–29
Wit et al. (2001)
France
2–6
15–19
13.7
Welsh et al. (1996,
2000)
France
29 (14.6)
Isaksen and Finster
(1996)
Tropical/
subtropical
Cymodocea
rotundata
Thailand
6(2)
Holmer et al. (2001)
Enhalus
acoroides
Australia
74
Moriarty and
O’Donohue (1993)
Australia
90(12)
Pollard and Moriarty
(1991)
Thailand
6–21
Holmer et al. (1999)
Halodule
beaudetti
Jamaica
83
34
Blackburn et al. (1994)
Syringodium
isoetifolium
Australia
48–140
Moriarty and
O’Donohue (1993)
Thalassia
hemprichii
Australia
39–56
Moriarty and
O’Donohue (1993)
Thailand
2 (2)
Holmer et al. (2001)
Thalassia
testudinum
USA
5
Ku et al. (1999)
Zostera
capricorni
Australia
57–69
Odonohue et al. (1991)
Australia
Hansen et al. (2000)