Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EEY (2003) Phylogeny and classification of
phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa). Protist 154:341–358
Cavalier-Smith T, von der Heyden S (2007) Molecular phylogeny, scale
evolution and taxonomy of centrohelid Heliozoa. Mol Phylogenet
Evol 44:1186–1203
Chadefaud M (1960) Les ve ´ge ´taux non vasculaires (cryptogamie). In:
Chadefaud M, Emberger L (eds) Traite ´ de botanique syste ´matique,
Tome 1. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp i–xv + 1–1018
Chadefaud M (1978) Les champignons. In: Des Abbayes H, Chadefaud
M, Feldmann J, De Ferre ´ Y, Gaussen H, Grasse ´ PP, Pre ´vot AR (eds)
Pre ´cis de botanique, Tome 1. Ve ´ge ´taux infe ´rieurs. Deuxie `me e ´dition. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp 321–518
Chauzat MP, Higes M, Martin-Hernandez R, Meana A, Cougoule N,
Faucon JP (2007) Presence of Nosema ceranae in French honey bee
colonies. J Apicul Res 45:127–128
Courties C, Perasso R, Che ´tiennot-Dinet MJ, Gouy M, Guillou L,
Trousselier M (1998) Phylogenetic analysis and genome size
of Ostreococcus tauri (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae). J Phycol
34:844–849
Croft MT, Lawrence AD, Raux-Deery E, Warren MJ, Smith AG (2005)
Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with
bacteria. Nature 438:90–93
Cuvelier ML et al (2008) Widespread distribution of a unique marine
protistan lineage. Environ Microbiol 10:1621–1634
Dacks J, Roger AJ (1999) The first sexual lineage and the relevance of
facultative sex. J Mol Evol 48:779–783
de Reviers B (2003) Biologie et phyloge ´nie des algues, Tome 2. Belin,
Paris
Drebes G (1981) Possible resting spores of Dissodinium pseudolunula
(Dinophyta) and their relation to other taxa. Br Phycol Bull 16:207–215
Dyall SD, Brown MT, Johnson PJ (2004) Ancient invasions: from
endosymbionts to organelles. Science 304:253–257
Dyer PS (2008) Evolutionary biology: microsporidia sex – a missing
link to Fungi. Curr Biol 18:R1012–R1014
Eichinger L et al (2005) The genome of the social amoeba
Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature 435:43–57
Embley TM, Martin W (2006) Eukaryotic evolution, changes and
challenges. Nature 440:623–630
Erdos GW, Raper KB, Vogen LK (1975) Sexuality in the cellular slime
mold Dictyostelium giganteum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72:970–973
Evert RF, Eichhorn SE (2013) Raven biology of plants, 8th edn. W.F.
Freeman Publishers
Falkowski PG, Katz ME, Knoll AH, Quigg A, Raven JA, Schofield O,
Taylor FJR (2004) The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton. Science 305:354–360
Feldmann J, Feldmann G (1945) Sur le metabolism du glyce ´rol chez les
Rhodophyce ´es. C R Acad Sci 220:467–469
Feldmann J, Feldmann G (1955) Observations sur quelques Phycomyce `tes
marins nouveaux ou peu connus. Rev Mycol 20:231–251
Fistarol GO, Legrand C, Grane ´li E (2003) Allelopathic effect of
Prymnesium parvum on a natural plankton community. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 255:115–125
Foster RA, Carpenter EJ, Gergman B (2006) Unicellular cyanobionts in
open ocean dinoflagellates, radiolarians and tintinnids: ultrastructural characterization and immuno-localization of phycoerythrin
and nitrogenase. J Phycol 42:458–463
Fuller NJ, Campbell C, Allen DJ, Pitt FD, Zwirglmaier K, Le Gall F,
Vaulot D, Scanlan DJ (2006) Analysis of photosynthetic
picoeukaryote diversity at open ocean sites in the Arabian Sea
using a PCR biased towards marine algal plastids. Aquat Microb
Ecol 43:79–93
Gaudet P, Williams JG, Fey P, Chisholm RL (2008) An anatomy
ontology to represent biological knowledge in Dictyostelium
discoideum. BMC Genom 9:1–12
Gazzaniga M (2009) Aquariofilia e microscopia ottica. http://www.
acquariofiliaemicroscopia.it
Genovesi-Giunti B (2006) Initiation, maintien et re ´currence des
efflorescences toxiques d’Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae)
dans une lagune me ´diterrane ´enne (Thau, France): ro ˆle du kyste
dormant. The `se Doct, Univ Montpellier II
Germot A, Philippe H, Le Guyader H (1997) Evidence for loss of
mitochondria in microsporidia from a mitochondrial- type HSP70
in Nosema locustae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 87:159–168
Gray P (1995) L’Irlande au temps de la grande famine. Gallimard, Paris
Gray AP, Lucas IAN, Seed R, Richardson CA (1999) Mytilus edulis
chilensis infested with Coccomyxa parasitica (Chlorococcales,
Coccomyxaceae). J Mollus Stud 65:289–294
Green JC, Course PA, Tarran GA (1996) The life cycle of Emiliana
huxleyi: a brief review and a study of relative ploidy levels analysed
by flow cytometry. J Mar Syst 9:33–44
Gretz MR, Sommerfeld MR, Aronson JM (1982) Cell wall composition
of the generic phase of Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta). Bot
Mar 25:529–535
Gretz MR, Aronson JM, Sommerfeld MR (1984) Taxonomic significance of cellulosic cell walls in the Bangiales (Rhodophyta).
Phytochemistry 23:2513–2514
Groisillier A, Massana R, Valentin K, Vaulot D, Guillou L (2006)
Genetic diversity and habitats of two enigmatic alveolate lineages.
Aquat Microb Ecol 42:277–291
Grzymski J, Schofield OM, Falkowski PG, Bernhard JM (2002) The
function of plastids in the deep-sea benthic foraminifer, Nonionella
stella. Limnol Oceanogr 47:1569–1580
Gu ¨lkiz S ¸ enler N, Yildiz I (2003) Infraciliature and other morphological
characteristics of Enchelyodon longikineta n.sp. (Ciliophora,
Haptoria). Eur J Protistol 39:267–274
Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AGB (2009)
Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and
resolve relationships among eukaryotic “supergroups”. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 106:3859–3864
Hansen PJ, Fenchel T (2006) The bloom-forming ciliate Mesodinium
rubrum harbours a single permanent endosymbiont. Mar Biol Res
2:169–177
Hawksworth DL (2001) The magnitude of fungal diversity: the
1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycol Res 105:1422–1432
Herzog M, Von Boletzky S, Soyer MO (1984) Ultrastructural and
biochemical nuclear aspects of Eukaryote classification: independent evolution of the dinoflagellates as a sister group of the actual
Eukaryotes? Orig Life 13:205–215
Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, Blackwell M, Cannon PF et al
(2007) A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi.
Mycol Res 111:509–547
Horn S, Ehlers K, Fritzsch G, Gil-Rodriguez MC, Wilhelm C, Schnetter
R (2007) Synchroma grande sp. nov. (Synchromophyceae class.
nov., Heterokontophyta): an amoeboid marine alga with unique
plastid complexes. Protist 158:277–293
Huang J, Xu Y, Gogarten JP (2005) The presence of a holaoarchaeal
type tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase marks the opisthokonts as monophyletic. Mol Biol Evol 22:2142–2146
Inouye I (1993) Flagella and flagellar apparatuses of algae. In: Berner T
(ed) Ultrastructure of microalgae. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
pp 99–133
James TY, Kauff F, Schoch CL, Matheny PB, Hoffstetter V, Cox CJ
et al (2006) Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a sixgene phylogeny. Nature 443:818–822
Jeffrey SW (1989) Chlorophyll c pigments and their distribution in the
chromophyte algae. In: Green JC, Leadbeater BSC, Diver WL (eds)
The chromophyte algae. Problems and perspectives. Clarendon,
London, pp 13–36
Jousson O, Di Bello D, Donadio E, Felicioli A, Pretti C (2007) Differential expression of cysteine proteases in developmental stages of
the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifilis. FEMS Microbiol
Lett 269:77–84
254
C.-F. Boudouresque
phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa). Protist 154:341–358
Cavalier-Smith T, von der Heyden S (2007) Molecular phylogeny, scale
evolution and taxonomy of centrohelid Heliozoa. Mol Phylogenet
Evol 44:1186–1203
Chadefaud M (1960) Les ve ´ge ´taux non vasculaires (cryptogamie). In:
Chadefaud M, Emberger L (eds) Traite ´ de botanique syste ´matique,
Tome 1. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp i–xv + 1–1018
Chadefaud M (1978) Les champignons. In: Des Abbayes H, Chadefaud
M, Feldmann J, De Ferre ´ Y, Gaussen H, Grasse ´ PP, Pre ´vot AR (eds)
Pre ´cis de botanique, Tome 1. Ve ´ge ´taux infe ´rieurs. Deuxie `me e ´dition. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp 321–518
Chauzat MP, Higes M, Martin-Hernandez R, Meana A, Cougoule N,
Faucon JP (2007) Presence of Nosema ceranae in French honey bee
colonies. J Apicul Res 45:127–128
Courties C, Perasso R, Che ´tiennot-Dinet MJ, Gouy M, Guillou L,
Trousselier M (1998) Phylogenetic analysis and genome size
of Ostreococcus tauri (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae). J Phycol
34:844–849
Croft MT, Lawrence AD, Raux-Deery E, Warren MJ, Smith AG (2005)
Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with
bacteria. Nature 438:90–93
Cuvelier ML et al (2008) Widespread distribution of a unique marine
protistan lineage. Environ Microbiol 10:1621–1634
Dacks J, Roger AJ (1999) The first sexual lineage and the relevance of
facultative sex. J Mol Evol 48:779–783
de Reviers B (2003) Biologie et phyloge ´nie des algues, Tome 2. Belin,
Paris
Drebes G (1981) Possible resting spores of Dissodinium pseudolunula
(Dinophyta) and their relation to other taxa. Br Phycol Bull 16:207–215
Dyall SD, Brown MT, Johnson PJ (2004) Ancient invasions: from
endosymbionts to organelles. Science 304:253–257
Dyer PS (2008) Evolutionary biology: microsporidia sex – a missing
link to Fungi. Curr Biol 18:R1012–R1014
Eichinger L et al (2005) The genome of the social amoeba
Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature 435:43–57
Embley TM, Martin W (2006) Eukaryotic evolution, changes and
challenges. Nature 440:623–630
Erdos GW, Raper KB, Vogen LK (1975) Sexuality in the cellular slime
mold Dictyostelium giganteum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72:970–973
Evert RF, Eichhorn SE (2013) Raven biology of plants, 8th edn. W.F.
Freeman Publishers
Falkowski PG, Katz ME, Knoll AH, Quigg A, Raven JA, Schofield O,
Taylor FJR (2004) The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton. Science 305:354–360
Feldmann J, Feldmann G (1945) Sur le metabolism du glyce ´rol chez les
Rhodophyce ´es. C R Acad Sci 220:467–469
Feldmann J, Feldmann G (1955) Observations sur quelques Phycomyce `tes
marins nouveaux ou peu connus. Rev Mycol 20:231–251
Fistarol GO, Legrand C, Grane ´li E (2003) Allelopathic effect of
Prymnesium parvum on a natural plankton community. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 255:115–125
Foster RA, Carpenter EJ, Gergman B (2006) Unicellular cyanobionts in
open ocean dinoflagellates, radiolarians and tintinnids: ultrastructural characterization and immuno-localization of phycoerythrin
and nitrogenase. J Phycol 42:458–463
Fuller NJ, Campbell C, Allen DJ, Pitt FD, Zwirglmaier K, Le Gall F,
Vaulot D, Scanlan DJ (2006) Analysis of photosynthetic
picoeukaryote diversity at open ocean sites in the Arabian Sea
using a PCR biased towards marine algal plastids. Aquat Microb
Ecol 43:79–93
Gaudet P, Williams JG, Fey P, Chisholm RL (2008) An anatomy
ontology to represent biological knowledge in Dictyostelium
discoideum. BMC Genom 9:1–12
Gazzaniga M (2009) Aquariofilia e microscopia ottica. http://www.
acquariofiliaemicroscopia.it
Genovesi-Giunti B (2006) Initiation, maintien et re ´currence des
efflorescences toxiques d’Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae)
dans une lagune me ´diterrane ´enne (Thau, France): ro ˆle du kyste
dormant. The `se Doct, Univ Montpellier II
Germot A, Philippe H, Le Guyader H (1997) Evidence for loss of
mitochondria in microsporidia from a mitochondrial- type HSP70
in Nosema locustae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 87:159–168
Gray P (1995) L’Irlande au temps de la grande famine. Gallimard, Paris
Gray AP, Lucas IAN, Seed R, Richardson CA (1999) Mytilus edulis
chilensis infested with Coccomyxa parasitica (Chlorococcales,
Coccomyxaceae). J Mollus Stud 65:289–294
Green JC, Course PA, Tarran GA (1996) The life cycle of Emiliana
huxleyi: a brief review and a study of relative ploidy levels analysed
by flow cytometry. J Mar Syst 9:33–44
Gretz MR, Sommerfeld MR, Aronson JM (1982) Cell wall composition
of the generic phase of Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta). Bot
Mar 25:529–535
Gretz MR, Aronson JM, Sommerfeld MR (1984) Taxonomic significance of cellulosic cell walls in the Bangiales (Rhodophyta).
Phytochemistry 23:2513–2514
Groisillier A, Massana R, Valentin K, Vaulot D, Guillou L (2006)
Genetic diversity and habitats of two enigmatic alveolate lineages.
Aquat Microb Ecol 42:277–291
Grzymski J, Schofield OM, Falkowski PG, Bernhard JM (2002) The
function of plastids in the deep-sea benthic foraminifer, Nonionella
stella. Limnol Oceanogr 47:1569–1580
Gu ¨lkiz S ¸ enler N, Yildiz I (2003) Infraciliature and other morphological
characteristics of Enchelyodon longikineta n.sp. (Ciliophora,
Haptoria). Eur J Protistol 39:267–274
Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AGB (2009)
Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and
resolve relationships among eukaryotic “supergroups”. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 106:3859–3864
Hansen PJ, Fenchel T (2006) The bloom-forming ciliate Mesodinium
rubrum harbours a single permanent endosymbiont. Mar Biol Res
2:169–177
Hawksworth DL (2001) The magnitude of fungal diversity: the
1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycol Res 105:1422–1432
Herzog M, Von Boletzky S, Soyer MO (1984) Ultrastructural and
biochemical nuclear aspects of Eukaryote classification: independent evolution of the dinoflagellates as a sister group of the actual
Eukaryotes? Orig Life 13:205–215
Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, Blackwell M, Cannon PF et al
(2007) A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi.
Mycol Res 111:509–547
Horn S, Ehlers K, Fritzsch G, Gil-Rodriguez MC, Wilhelm C, Schnetter
R (2007) Synchroma grande sp. nov. (Synchromophyceae class.
nov., Heterokontophyta): an amoeboid marine alga with unique
plastid complexes. Protist 158:277–293
Huang J, Xu Y, Gogarten JP (2005) The presence of a holaoarchaeal
type tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase marks the opisthokonts as monophyletic. Mol Biol Evol 22:2142–2146
Inouye I (1993) Flagella and flagellar apparatuses of algae. In: Berner T
(ed) Ultrastructure of microalgae. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
pp 99–133
James TY, Kauff F, Schoch CL, Matheny PB, Hoffstetter V, Cox CJ
et al (2006) Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a sixgene phylogeny. Nature 443:818–822
Jeffrey SW (1989) Chlorophyll c pigments and their distribution in the
chromophyte algae. In: Green JC, Leadbeater BSC, Diver WL (eds)
The chromophyte algae. Problems and perspectives. Clarendon,
London, pp 13–36
Jousson O, Di Bello D, Donadio E, Felicioli A, Pretti C (2007) Differential expression of cysteine proteases in developmental stages of
the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifilis. FEMS Microbiol
Lett 269:77–84
254
C.-F. Boudouresque