567
Disease Control
Use of Antimicrobial Compounds Sensitivity was recorded to fl umequine, oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline (Jensen et al. 2003 ).
Vibrio vulnifi cus
Characteristics of the Disease
Between 1975 and 1977 in Japan, there were serious outbreaks of disease among
cultured eels from six separate localities (Muroga et al. 1976a , b ; Nishibuchi and
Muroga 1977 , 1980 ; Nishibuchi et al. 1979 , 1980 ). The disease has certainly spread
to Europe, with incidences in Spain (Biosca et al. 1991 ; Amaro et al. 1992 ), and The
Netherlands (Haenen et al. 2014 ). This is a haemorrhagic condition characterised by
redness on the body, notably fl ank and/or tail. In advanced cases, pathological
changes may be observed in the gastro-intestinal tract, gills, heart, liver and spleen
(Miyazaki et al. 1977 ). Superfi cially, the disease resembles classical vibriosis.
During 2005, the pathogen was recognized as the cause of high levels of mortality
in farmed ovate pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) in PRC, with disease signs including
external haemorrhaging and ulcers, and haemorrhaging gills, intestine and liver (Li
et al. 2006 ). A new serogroup, termed V. vulnifi cus biotype 2 serovar A was recognised in Spain during 2000 and in Denmark by 2004, and affected eels of 5–10 g in
weight producing severe disease signs including extensive haemorrhaging and
necrosis (Fouz et al. 2006 ).
Isolation
Use of standard bacteriological media, such as seawater agar and TSA supplemented with sodium chloride, and incubation for up to 7 days at 20–25 °C is suffi -
cient to obtain cultures of the pathogen (Muroga et al. 1976a , b ; Nishibuchi and
Muroga 1977 , 1980 ; Nishibuchi et al. 1979 , 1980 ).
Vibrio vulnifi cus
Disease Control
Use of Antimicrobial Compounds Sensitivity was recorded to fl umequine, oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline (Jensen et al. 2003 ).
Vibrio vulnifi cus
Characteristics of the Disease
Between 1975 and 1977 in Japan, there were serious outbreaks of disease among
cultured eels from six separate localities (Muroga et al. 1976a , b ; Nishibuchi and
Muroga 1977 , 1980 ; Nishibuchi et al. 1979 , 1980 ). The disease has certainly spread
to Europe, with incidences in Spain (Biosca et al. 1991 ; Amaro et al. 1992 ), and The
Netherlands (Haenen et al. 2014 ). This is a haemorrhagic condition characterised by
redness on the body, notably fl ank and/or tail. In advanced cases, pathological
changes may be observed in the gastro-intestinal tract, gills, heart, liver and spleen
(Miyazaki et al. 1977 ). Superfi cially, the disease resembles classical vibriosis.
During 2005, the pathogen was recognized as the cause of high levels of mortality
in farmed ovate pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) in PRC, with disease signs including
external haemorrhaging and ulcers, and haemorrhaging gills, intestine and liver (Li
et al. 2006 ). A new serogroup, termed V. vulnifi cus biotype 2 serovar A was recognised in Spain during 2000 and in Denmark by 2004, and affected eels of 5–10 g in
weight producing severe disease signs including extensive haemorrhaging and
necrosis (Fouz et al. 2006 ).
Isolation
Use of standard bacteriological media, such as seawater agar and TSA supplemented with sodium chloride, and incubation for up to 7 days at 20–25 °C is suffi -
cient to obtain cultures of the pathogen (Muroga et al. 1976a , b ; Nishibuchi and
Muroga 1977 , 1980 ; Nishibuchi et al. 1979 , 1980 ).
Vibrio vulnifi cus