561
It is noteworthy that the fi sh isolates differed from the reference culture of V.
pelagius ATCC 25916 in indole production, urea degradation and whole cell agglutination, which must cast some doubt on the validity of the original identifi cation.
Epizootiology
This was not considered by Angulo et al. ( 1992 ).
Pathogenicity
Infectivity experiments with rainbow trout (10 g) and turbot (5 g in size) confi rmed
virulence, and an LD 50 of 1.9 × 10
5 cells/fi sh and 9.5 × 10
4 cells/fi sh, respectively
(Angulo et al. 1992 ). Subsequently, Villamil et al. ( 2003a ) published the LD 50 for
larval and post-larval turbot as <5 bacterial/ml and 3.9 × 10
5 bacteria/ml, respectively. The profound virulence for larvae is clearly demonstrated. The administration of bacterial cells to head kidney macrophages resulted in a marked inhibition of
the chemoluminescence response when compared with controls, i.e. untreated macrophages, but an increase in the nitric oxide production. Additionally, in turbot larvae, the application of live cells of the pathogen via i.p. injection led to a dramatic
inhibition of the chemoluminescence response in one day (Villamil et al. 2003b ).
Disease Control
Antimicrobial Compounds Treatment with oxytetracycline was effective at stopping mortalities (Angulo et al. 1992 ). Also, it was considered that potentiated sulphonamides and fl umequine would be successful.
Vibrio ponticus
Characteristics of the Disease
The organism was associated with an ulcerative condition, considered to resemble
vibriosis, in Japanese sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus ) culture in China during
2004 when water temperatures increased, and the mortalities exceeded 80 % (Xie
et al. 2007 ). Disease signs were described as including irregular haemorrhagic blots
on the skin, that turned white, before ulcerating (Xie et al. 2007 ).
Vibrio ponticus
It is noteworthy that the fi sh isolates differed from the reference culture of V.
pelagius ATCC 25916 in indole production, urea degradation and whole cell agglutination, which must cast some doubt on the validity of the original identifi cation.
Epizootiology
This was not considered by Angulo et al. ( 1992 ).
Pathogenicity
Infectivity experiments with rainbow trout (10 g) and turbot (5 g in size) confi rmed
virulence, and an LD 50 of 1.9 × 10
5 cells/fi sh and 9.5 × 10
4 cells/fi sh, respectively
(Angulo et al. 1992 ). Subsequently, Villamil et al. ( 2003a ) published the LD 50 for
larval and post-larval turbot as <5 bacterial/ml and 3.9 × 10
5 bacteria/ml, respectively. The profound virulence for larvae is clearly demonstrated. The administration of bacterial cells to head kidney macrophages resulted in a marked inhibition of
the chemoluminescence response when compared with controls, i.e. untreated macrophages, but an increase in the nitric oxide production. Additionally, in turbot larvae, the application of live cells of the pathogen via i.p. injection led to a dramatic
inhibition of the chemoluminescence response in one day (Villamil et al. 2003b ).
Disease Control
Antimicrobial Compounds Treatment with oxytetracycline was effective at stopping mortalities (Angulo et al. 1992 ). Also, it was considered that potentiated sulphonamides and fl umequine would be successful.
Vibrio ponticus
Characteristics of the Disease
The organism was associated with an ulcerative condition, considered to resemble
vibriosis, in Japanese sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus ) culture in China during
2004 when water temperatures increased, and the mortalities exceeded 80 % (Xie
et al. 2007 ). Disease signs were described as including irregular haemorrhagic blots
on the skin, that turned white, before ulcerating (Xie et al. 2007 ).
Vibrio ponticus