455
Kent ML, Groff JM, Morrison JK, Yasutake WT, Holt RA (1989) Spiral swimming behavior due
to cranial and vertebral lesions associated with Cytophaga psychrophila infections in salmonid
fi shes. Dis Aquat Org 5:11–16
Kimura T, Wakabayashi H, Kudo S (1978) Studies on bacterial gill disease in salmonids. 1.
Selection of bacterium transmitting gill disease. Fish Pathol 12:233–242
Klesius PH, Pridgeon JW, Aksoy M (2010) Chemotactic factors of Flavobacterium columnare to
skin mucus of healthy channel catfi sh ( Ictalurus punctatus ). FEMS Microbiol Lett
310:145–151
Ko Y-M, Heo G-J (1997) Characteristics of Flavobacterium branchiophilum isolated from rainbow trout in Korea. Fish Pathol 32:97–102
Kondo M, Kawai K, Okabe M, Nakano N, Oshima S-I (2003) Effi cacy of oral vaccine against
bacterial coldwater disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis . Dis Aquat Org 55:261–264
Korkea-aho TL, Heikkinen J, Thompson KD, von Wright A, Austin B (2011) Pseudomonas sp.
M174 inhibits the fi sh pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum . J Appl Microbiol
111:266–277
Koski P, Hirvelä-Koski V, Bernardet JF (1993) Flexibacter columnaris infection in Arctic char
( Salvelinus alpinus (L.), fi rst isolation in Finland. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 13:66–69
Kudo S, Kimura N (1983a) Transmission electron microscopic studies on bacterial gill disease in
rainbow trout fi ngerlings. Jpn J Ichthyol 30:247–260
Kudo S, Kimura N (1983b) Scanning electron microscopic studies on bacterial gill disease in
rainbow trout fi ngerlings. Jpn J Ichthyol 30:393–403
Kumagai A, Nawata A (2010) Mode of the intra-ovum infection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum
in salmonid eggs. Fish Pathol 45:31–36
Kumagai A, Nawata A (2011a) Concentration of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in the ovarian
fl uid and milt of cultured salmonids. Fish Pathol 46:116–119
Kumagai A, Nawata A (2011b) Low likelihood of intra-ovum infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum in cultured salmonids in Japan. Fish Pathol 46:123–125
Kumagai A, Yamaoki S, Takahashi K, Fukuda H, Wakabayashi H (2000) Waterborne transmission
of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in coho salmon eggs. Fish Pathol 35:25–28
Kumagai A, Nakayasu C, Oseko N (2004a) Effect of tobramycin supplementation to medium on
isolation of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from ayu Plecoglossus altivelis . Fish Pathol
39:75–78
Kumagai A, Nakayasu C, Oseko N (2004b) No evidence for the presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum within ayu eggs. Fish Pathol 39:183–187
Kumagai A, Nawata A, Ototake M (2011) The prevalence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum
among wild ayu in rivers that do not have a history of ayu stocking. Fish Pathol 46:91–94
Kunttu HMT, Jokinen EI, Valtonen ET, Sundberg L-R (2011) Virulent and nonvirulent
Flavobacterium columnare colony morphologies: characterization of chondroitin AC lyase
activity and adhesion to polystyrene. J Appl Microbiol 111:1319–1326
Kunttu HMT, Sundberg LR, Pulkkinen K, Valtonen ET (2012) Environment may be the source of
Flavobacterium columnare outbreaks at fi sh farms. Environ Microbiol Rep 4:398–402
Kuo SC, Chung HY, Kou GH (1981) Studies on artifi cial infection of the gliding bacteria in cultured fi shes. Fish Pathol 15:309–314
Laanto E, Sundberg L-R, Bamford JKH (2011) Phage specifi city of the freshwater fi sh pathogen
Flavobacterium columnare . Appl Environ Microbiol 77:7868–7872
Laanto E, Bamford JKH, Laakso J, Sundberg L-R (2012) Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fi sh
pathogenic bacterium. PLoS ONE 7:e53157. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053157
Laanto E, Penttinen RK, Bamford JKH, Sundberg L-R (2014) Comparing the different morphotypes of a fi sh pathogen – implications for key virulence factors in Flavobacterium columnare .
BMC Microbiol 14:170. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-170
Laanto E, Bamford JKH, Ravantti JJ, Sundberg L-R (2015) The use of phage FCL-2 as an alternative to chemotherapy against columnaris disease in aquaculture. Front Microbiol 6:829.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00829
References
Kent ML, Groff JM, Morrison JK, Yasutake WT, Holt RA (1989) Spiral swimming behavior due
to cranial and vertebral lesions associated with Cytophaga psychrophila infections in salmonid
fi shes. Dis Aquat Org 5:11–16
Kimura T, Wakabayashi H, Kudo S (1978) Studies on bacterial gill disease in salmonids. 1.
Selection of bacterium transmitting gill disease. Fish Pathol 12:233–242
Klesius PH, Pridgeon JW, Aksoy M (2010) Chemotactic factors of Flavobacterium columnare to
skin mucus of healthy channel catfi sh ( Ictalurus punctatus ). FEMS Microbiol Lett
310:145–151
Ko Y-M, Heo G-J (1997) Characteristics of Flavobacterium branchiophilum isolated from rainbow trout in Korea. Fish Pathol 32:97–102
Kondo M, Kawai K, Okabe M, Nakano N, Oshima S-I (2003) Effi cacy of oral vaccine against
bacterial coldwater disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis . Dis Aquat Org 55:261–264
Korkea-aho TL, Heikkinen J, Thompson KD, von Wright A, Austin B (2011) Pseudomonas sp.
M174 inhibits the fi sh pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum . J Appl Microbiol
111:266–277
Koski P, Hirvelä-Koski V, Bernardet JF (1993) Flexibacter columnaris infection in Arctic char
( Salvelinus alpinus (L.), fi rst isolation in Finland. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 13:66–69
Kudo S, Kimura N (1983a) Transmission electron microscopic studies on bacterial gill disease in
rainbow trout fi ngerlings. Jpn J Ichthyol 30:247–260
Kudo S, Kimura N (1983b) Scanning electron microscopic studies on bacterial gill disease in
rainbow trout fi ngerlings. Jpn J Ichthyol 30:393–403
Kumagai A, Nawata A (2010) Mode of the intra-ovum infection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum
in salmonid eggs. Fish Pathol 45:31–36
Kumagai A, Nawata A (2011a) Concentration of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in the ovarian
fl uid and milt of cultured salmonids. Fish Pathol 46:116–119
Kumagai A, Nawata A (2011b) Low likelihood of intra-ovum infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum in cultured salmonids in Japan. Fish Pathol 46:123–125
Kumagai A, Yamaoki S, Takahashi K, Fukuda H, Wakabayashi H (2000) Waterborne transmission
of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in coho salmon eggs. Fish Pathol 35:25–28
Kumagai A, Nakayasu C, Oseko N (2004a) Effect of tobramycin supplementation to medium on
isolation of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from ayu Plecoglossus altivelis . Fish Pathol
39:75–78
Kumagai A, Nakayasu C, Oseko N (2004b) No evidence for the presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum within ayu eggs. Fish Pathol 39:183–187
Kumagai A, Nawata A, Ototake M (2011) The prevalence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum
among wild ayu in rivers that do not have a history of ayu stocking. Fish Pathol 46:91–94
Kunttu HMT, Jokinen EI, Valtonen ET, Sundberg L-R (2011) Virulent and nonvirulent
Flavobacterium columnare colony morphologies: characterization of chondroitin AC lyase
activity and adhesion to polystyrene. J Appl Microbiol 111:1319–1326
Kunttu HMT, Sundberg LR, Pulkkinen K, Valtonen ET (2012) Environment may be the source of
Flavobacterium columnare outbreaks at fi sh farms. Environ Microbiol Rep 4:398–402
Kuo SC, Chung HY, Kou GH (1981) Studies on artifi cial infection of the gliding bacteria in cultured fi shes. Fish Pathol 15:309–314
Laanto E, Sundberg L-R, Bamford JKH (2011) Phage specifi city of the freshwater fi sh pathogen
Flavobacterium columnare . Appl Environ Microbiol 77:7868–7872
Laanto E, Bamford JKH, Laakso J, Sundberg L-R (2012) Phage-driven loss of virulence in a fi sh
pathogenic bacterium. PLoS ONE 7:e53157. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053157
Laanto E, Penttinen RK, Bamford JKH, Sundberg L-R (2014) Comparing the different morphotypes of a fi sh pathogen – implications for key virulence factors in Flavobacterium columnare .
BMC Microbiol 14:170. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-170
Laanto E, Bamford JKH, Ravantti JJ, Sundberg L-R (2015) The use of phage FCL-2 as an alternative to chemotherapy against columnaris disease in aquaculture. Front Microbiol 6:829.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00829
References