456
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Jones GR, Congleton JL, Sun B, Cain KD (2002) Characterization of
the serum and mucosal antibody responses and relative per cent survival in rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following immunization and challenge with Flavobacterium
psychrophilum . J Fish Dis 25:703–713
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Jones GR, Cain KD (2003) Passive immunization of rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent
of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. J Fish Dis 26:377–384
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Jones GR, Cain KD (2004) Protective immunity in rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions isolated
from Flavobacterium psychrophilum . Dis Aquat Org 59:17–26
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Call DR, Cain KD (2008) Isolation of rifampicin resistant Flavobacterium
psychrophilum strains and their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. Vaccine
26:5582–5589
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Call DR, Wiens GD, Cain KD (2011) Identifi cation of immunogenic
proteins within distinct molecular mass fractions of Flavobacterium psychrophilum . J Fish Dis
34:823–830
Lammens M, Decostere A, Haesebrouck F (2000) Effect of Flavobacterium psychrophilum strains
and their metabolites on the oxidative activity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss phagocytes. Dis Aquat Org 41:173–179
Leadbetter ER (1974) Genus II. Flexibacter Soriano 1945, 92, Lewin 1969, 192 emend. mut. char.
In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds) Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th edn.
Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 105–107
Lehmann J, Mock D, Stürenberg F-J, Bernardet J-F (1991) First isolation of Cytophaga psychrophila from a systemic disease in eel and cyprinids. Dis Aquat Org 10:217–220
Li N, Zhang J, Zhang LQ, Nie P (2010) Difference in genes between a high virulence strain G 4 and
a low virulence strain G 18 of Flavobacterium columnare by using suppression subtractive
hybridization. J Fish Dis 33:403–412
Li N, Qin T, Zhang XL, Huang B, Liu ZX, Xie HX, Zhang J, McBride MJ, Nie P (2015a) Gene
deletion strategy to examine the involvement of the two chondroitin lyases in Flavobacterium
columnare virulence. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:7394–7402
Li NQ, Lin Q, Fu XZ, Guo HZ, Liu LH, Wu SQ (2015b) Development and effi cacy of a novel
streptomycin-resistant Flavobacterium johnsoniae vaccine in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon
idella ). Aquaculture 448:93–97
Lievens B, Frans I, Heusdens C, Justé A, Jonstrup SP, Lieffrig F, Willems KA (2011) Rapid detection and identifi cation of viral and bacterial fi sh pathogens using a DNA array-based multiplex
assay. J Fish Dis 34:861–875
Lindstrom NM, Call DR, House ML, Moffi tt CM, Cain KD (2009) A quantitative enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay and fi ltration-based fl uorescent antibody test as potential tools to screen
broodstock for infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum . J Aquat Anim Health 21:43–56
Liu H, Izumi S, Wakabayashi H (2001) Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in various
organs of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis by in situ hybridization. Fish Pathol 36:7–11
Liu ZX, Liu GY, Li N, Xiao FS, Xie HX, Nie P (2012) Identifi cation of immunogenic proteins of
Flavobacterium columnare by two-dimensional electrophoresis immunoblotting with antibacterial sera from grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes). J Fish Dis 35:255–263
Loch TP (2012) Identifi cation of novel fl avobacteria from Michigan and assessment of their
impacts on fi sh health. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Loch TP, Faisal M (2014a) Flavobacterium spartansii sp. nov., a pathogen of fi shes, and emended
descriptions of Flavobacterium aquidurense and Flavobacterium araucananum . Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol 64:406–412
Loch TP, Faisal M (2014b) Chryseobacterium aahli sp. nov., isolated from lake trout ( Salvelinus
namaycush ) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta ), and emended descriptions of Chryseobacterium
ginsenosidimutans and Chryseobacterium gregarium . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
64:1573–1579
7 Flavobacteria and Cytophagas
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Jones GR, Congleton JL, Sun B, Cain KD (2002) Characterization of
the serum and mucosal antibody responses and relative per cent survival in rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following immunization and challenge with Flavobacterium
psychrophilum . J Fish Dis 25:703–713
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Jones GR, Cain KD (2003) Passive immunization of rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent
of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. J Fish Dis 26:377–384
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Jones GR, Cain KD (2004) Protective immunity in rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions isolated
from Flavobacterium psychrophilum . Dis Aquat Org 59:17–26
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Call DR, Cain KD (2008) Isolation of rifampicin resistant Flavobacterium
psychrophilum strains and their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. Vaccine
26:5582–5589
LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Call DR, Wiens GD, Cain KD (2011) Identifi cation of immunogenic
proteins within distinct molecular mass fractions of Flavobacterium psychrophilum . J Fish Dis
34:823–830
Lammens M, Decostere A, Haesebrouck F (2000) Effect of Flavobacterium psychrophilum strains
and their metabolites on the oxidative activity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss phagocytes. Dis Aquat Org 41:173–179
Leadbetter ER (1974) Genus II. Flexibacter Soriano 1945, 92, Lewin 1969, 192 emend. mut. char.
In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds) Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th edn.
Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 105–107
Lehmann J, Mock D, Stürenberg F-J, Bernardet J-F (1991) First isolation of Cytophaga psychrophila from a systemic disease in eel and cyprinids. Dis Aquat Org 10:217–220
Li N, Zhang J, Zhang LQ, Nie P (2010) Difference in genes between a high virulence strain G 4 and
a low virulence strain G 18 of Flavobacterium columnare by using suppression subtractive
hybridization. J Fish Dis 33:403–412
Li N, Qin T, Zhang XL, Huang B, Liu ZX, Xie HX, Zhang J, McBride MJ, Nie P (2015a) Gene
deletion strategy to examine the involvement of the two chondroitin lyases in Flavobacterium
columnare virulence. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:7394–7402
Li NQ, Lin Q, Fu XZ, Guo HZ, Liu LH, Wu SQ (2015b) Development and effi cacy of a novel
streptomycin-resistant Flavobacterium johnsoniae vaccine in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon
idella ). Aquaculture 448:93–97
Lievens B, Frans I, Heusdens C, Justé A, Jonstrup SP, Lieffrig F, Willems KA (2011) Rapid detection and identifi cation of viral and bacterial fi sh pathogens using a DNA array-based multiplex
assay. J Fish Dis 34:861–875
Lindstrom NM, Call DR, House ML, Moffi tt CM, Cain KD (2009) A quantitative enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay and fi ltration-based fl uorescent antibody test as potential tools to screen
broodstock for infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum . J Aquat Anim Health 21:43–56
Liu H, Izumi S, Wakabayashi H (2001) Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in various
organs of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis by in situ hybridization. Fish Pathol 36:7–11
Liu ZX, Liu GY, Li N, Xiao FS, Xie HX, Nie P (2012) Identifi cation of immunogenic proteins of
Flavobacterium columnare by two-dimensional electrophoresis immunoblotting with antibacterial sera from grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes). J Fish Dis 35:255–263
Loch TP (2012) Identifi cation of novel fl avobacteria from Michigan and assessment of their
impacts on fi sh health. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Loch TP, Faisal M (2014a) Flavobacterium spartansii sp. nov., a pathogen of fi shes, and emended
descriptions of Flavobacterium aquidurense and Flavobacterium araucananum . Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol 64:406–412
Loch TP, Faisal M (2014b) Chryseobacterium aahli sp. nov., isolated from lake trout ( Salvelinus
namaycush ) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta ), and emended descriptions of Chryseobacterium
ginsenosidimutans and Chryseobacterium gregarium . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
64:1573–1579
7 Flavobacteria and Cytophagas