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Cod Liver oil and Coconut oil
Dietary cod liver oil and coconut oil (fed for 150 days) has been useful in protecting
freshwater catfi sh jundia ( Rhamdia quelen ) against challenge with Aer. hydrophila
(Vargas et al. 2013 ).
Chinese Herbs
0.1 % (w/v) Astragalus membranaceous and 0.1 % (w/v) Lonicera japonica, with or
without 0.05 % (w/v) boron fed for 4-weeks enhanced the non-specifi c immune
response, i.e. phagocytic, plasma lysozyme and respiratory burst activities of tilapia
and conferred resistance to Aer. hydrophila (Ardó et al. 2008 ). A Chinese herbal
mixture of Astragalus , angelica, hawthorn, Licorice root and honeysuckle, fed at
0.5–2.0 % for 4-weeks resulted in immunostimulation and protection against challenge in Nile tilapia (Tang et al. 2014 ). Rehmannia glutinosa dried prepared root
powder was fed at 4 % to juvenile common carp for 80-days leading to improved
growth, immunostimulation (lysozyme and phagocytic activity) and protection
against challenge with Aer. hydrophila (Wang et al. 2015a , b ). Furthermore, an
anthraquinone extract of Rheum offi cinale bail was effective as a dietary supplement
when fed at 0.1 % for 10-weeks for controlling disease caused by Aer. hydrophila in
Wuchang bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ) (Liu et al. 2012 ).
Indian Medicinal Herbs
Azardirachta indica , demonstrated marked in vitro inhibitory activity against Aer.
hydrophila. Furthermore, aqueous and ethanol extracts of equi-mixtures of
Azardirachta indica, Curcuma longa and Ocimum sanctum had demonstrable in
vitro inhibitory activity (Harikrishnan and Balasundaram 2005 ).
Holy Basil
The potential benefi t of using holy basil ( Ocimum sanctum ) was reinforced by the
study of Das et al. ( 2015a , b ), who administered 0.2 % of an aqueous extract as a
dietary supplement to rohu fi ngerlings, and recorded immunostimulation (enhanced
total immunoglobulin levels, haemoglobin content, lysozyme activity, super oxide
anion production, serum total protein, globulin, and erythrocyte and leucocyte
counts) and protection (RPS = 40 %) against challenge.
Aeromonas hydrophila
Cod Liver oil and Coconut oil
Dietary cod liver oil and coconut oil (fed for 150 days) has been useful in protecting
freshwater catfi sh jundia ( Rhamdia quelen ) against challenge with Aer. hydrophila
(Vargas et al. 2013 ).
Chinese Herbs
0.1 % (w/v) Astragalus membranaceous and 0.1 % (w/v) Lonicera japonica, with or
without 0.05 % (w/v) boron fed for 4-weeks enhanced the non-specifi c immune
response, i.e. phagocytic, plasma lysozyme and respiratory burst activities of tilapia
and conferred resistance to Aer. hydrophila (Ardó et al. 2008 ). A Chinese herbal
mixture of Astragalus , angelica, hawthorn, Licorice root and honeysuckle, fed at
0.5–2.0 % for 4-weeks resulted in immunostimulation and protection against challenge in Nile tilapia (Tang et al. 2014 ). Rehmannia glutinosa dried prepared root
powder was fed at 4 % to juvenile common carp for 80-days leading to improved
growth, immunostimulation (lysozyme and phagocytic activity) and protection
against challenge with Aer. hydrophila (Wang et al. 2015a , b ). Furthermore, an
anthraquinone extract of Rheum offi cinale bail was effective as a dietary supplement
when fed at 0.1 % for 10-weeks for controlling disease caused by Aer. hydrophila in
Wuchang bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ) (Liu et al. 2012 ).
Indian Medicinal Herbs
Azardirachta indica , demonstrated marked in vitro inhibitory activity against Aer.
hydrophila. Furthermore, aqueous and ethanol extracts of equi-mixtures of
Azardirachta indica, Curcuma longa and Ocimum sanctum had demonstrable in
vitro inhibitory activity (Harikrishnan and Balasundaram 2005 ).
Holy Basil
The potential benefi t of using holy basil ( Ocimum sanctum ) was reinforced by the
study of Das et al. ( 2015a , b ), who administered 0.2 % of an aqueous extract as a
dietary supplement to rohu fi ngerlings, and recorded immunostimulation (enhanced
total immunoglobulin levels, haemoglobin content, lysozyme activity, super oxide
anion production, serum total protein, globulin, and erythrocyte and leucocyte
counts) and protection (RPS = 40 %) against challenge.
Aeromonas hydrophila